• Electrical & Electronic Materials
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.478-486
• /
• 1995

Cu/NbTi multilayer thin films and superconducting wires were fabricated and heat treated with conventional annealing and analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as a basic study for the enhancement of Jc. Interfacial reactions of Cu/NbTi multilayer thin films and superconducting wires were investigated with optical microscope, SEM, and XRD. According to the effective heat of formation (EHF) model, CU$\_$3/Ti was predicted as a first phase. However, considering the crystalline structure and thermodynamics, CuTi was predicted as a first phase. According to the results of DSC and XRD, CU$\_$2/Ti was found to be the first phase, followed by the formation Of CU$\_$4/Ti. The difference in first crystalline phase between the experimental result and the predicted one was discussed. In case of Cu/NbTi superconducting wires, the compounds formed at the Cu/NbTi interface grew with annealing time and the amount of compounds formed in Nb-47wt%Ti alloy was larger than that in Nb-50wt%Ti alloy. It seemed that the incubation time for the formation of compounds in Nb-50wt%Ti alloy was longer than that formed in Nb-47wt%Ti alloy. Also, the diffusion was the rate controlling step for the growth of compounds in all specimens. These compounds were formed at 500-600.deg. C for I hour annealing and, thus, the drawing time below I hour must be required to minimize the growth of compounds for the enhancement of Jc.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The grindability of Ti-10%Zr-X%Cr(X=0,1,3) alloys in order to develop Ti alloys for dental applications with better machinability than unalloyed titanium has been evaluated. Methods: Experimental Ti-10%Zr-X%Cr(X=0,1,3) alloys were made in an argon-arc melting furnace. Slabs of experimental alloys were ground using a SiC abrasive wheel on an electric handpiece at one of the four rotational speeds of the wheel (12000, 18000, 25000 or 30000rpm) by applying a force(100gf). Grindability was evaluated by measuring the amount of metal volume removed per minute(grinding rate) and the volume ratio of metal removed compared to the wheel material lost, which was calculated from the diameter loss (grinding ratio). Experimental datas were compared the results with those of cp-Ti(commercially pure titanium) Results: It was observed that the grindability of Ti-10%Zr-X%Cr(X=0,1,3) alloys increased with an increase in the Cr concentration. More, they are higher than cp-Ti, particularly the Ti-10%Zr-3%Cr alloy exhibited the highest grindability at all rotational speeds except 12000rpm. There was significant difference in the grinding rate and grinding ratio between Ti-10%Zr-3%Cr alloy and cp-Ti at all rotational speeds(p<0.05). Conclusion: The Ti-10%Zr-3%Cr alloy exhibited better grindability at high rotational speeds, great potential for use as a dental machining alloy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.423-446
• /
• 1993

Titanium and its alloys are finding increasing use in medical devices and dental implants. The strong selling point of titanium is its resistance to the highly corrosive body fluids in which an implant must survive. This corrosion resistance is due to a tenacious passive oxide or film which exists on the metal's surface and renders it passive. Potentiodynamic polarization measurement is one of the most commonly used electro-chemical methods that have been applied to measure corrosion rates. And the potentiodynamic polarization test supplies detailed information such as open circuit, rupture, and passivation potential. Furthermore, it indicates the passive range and sensitivity to pitting corrosion. This study was designed to compare the corrosion resistance of the commonly used dental implant materials such as CP Ti, Ti-6A1-4V, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, and 316L stainless steel. And the effects of galvanic couples between titanium and the dental alloys were assessed for their useful-ness-as. materials for superstructure. The working electrode is the specimen , the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode (SCE), and the counter electrode is made of carbon. In $N_2-saturated$ 0.9% NaCl solutions, the potential scanning was performed starting from -800mV (SCE) and the scan rate was 1 mV/sec. At least three different polarization measurements were carried out for each material on separate specimen. The galvanic corrosion measurements were conducted in the zero-shunt ammeter with an implant supraconstruction surface ratio of 1:1. The contact current density was recorded over a 24-hour period. The results were as follows : 1. In potential-time curve, all specimens became increasingly more noble after immersion in the test solution and reached between -70mV and 50mV (SCE) respectively after 12 hours. 2. The Ti and Ti alloy in the saline solution were most resistant to corrosion. They showed the typical passive behavior which was exhibited over the entire experimental range. Therefore no breakdown potentials were observed. 3. Comparing the rupture potentials, Ti and Ti alloy had the high(:st value (because their break-down potentials were not observed in this study potential range ) followed by Co-Cr-Mo alloy and stainless steel (316L). So , the corrosion resistance of titanium was cecellent, Co-Cr-Mo alloy slightly inferior and stainless steel (316L) much less. 4. The contact current density sinks faster than any other galvanic couple in the case of Ti/gold alloy. 5. Ag-Pd alloy coupled with Ti yielded high current density in the early stage. Furthermore, Ti became anodic. 6. Ti/Ni-Cr alloy showed a relatively high galvanic current and a tendency to increase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.80-81
• /
• 2009

Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been widely used for aerospace and power generation applications because of low density and attractive mechanical and corrosion resistant properties. However, the titanium alloy bolt is generally manufactured by cutting and rolling because of their poor workability. In order to achieve the mass production of titanium alloy bolts, it needs to be solved some manufacturing problems such as the sticking between workpiece and dies, the formation of the forming defects during the forging and so on. In this study, the manufacturing technology of titanium alloy bolts using warm forging process was introduced. The aim of present work is to develop a warm forging technology for high strength Ti-6Al-4V bolts.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2002

The main objectives were to investigate the suitability of CaO crucible for melting TiAl alloys and to develop investment mold for investment casting of TiAl alloys. TiAl alloy specimen were prepared by plasma arc furnace under argon atmosphere. After melting of TiAl alloy using CaO crucible, the results showed that there is little contamination of oxygen in the TiAl bulk. Conventional vacuum induction furnaces can be readily adaptable to produce cast parts of TiAl without high skilled techniques. The determination of optical metallography and microhardness profiles in investment cast TiAl alloy rods has allowed the gradation of the relative thermal stability of the oxides examined. The molds used for the present study were $ZrO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, CaO stabilized $ZrO_2$ and $ZrSiO_4$. Even although high temperature of mold preheating, $Al_2O_3$ mold is a promising mold material for investment casting of TiAl alloys in terms of thermal stability, cost and handling strength. It is important to take thermal stability and preheating temperature of mold into consideration for investment casting of TiAl alloys.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.72-75
• /
• 2000

For the purpose of developing the non-stoichiometric Zr-based Laves phase alloy with higher capacity and better performance for electrochemical application, extensive work has been carried out in KAIST. After careful alloy design of $ZrMn_2-based$ hydrogen storage alloys through varing their stoichiometry while susbstituting or adding some alloying elements, the $Zr-Ti-(Lh-V-Ni)_{2.2},\;Zr-Ti-(Mn-V-Cr-Ni)_{1.8\pm0.1}$ with high capacity and better performance was developed. Consequently the $Zr-Ti-(Mn-V-Ni)_{2.2}$ alloy has a high discharge capacity of 394mAh/g and shows a high rate capability equaling to that of commercialized $AB_5$ type alloys. On the other hand, in order to develop the hydrogen storage alloy with higher discharge capacity, the hypo-stoichiometric $Zr(Mn-V-Ni)_{2-\alpha}$ alloys substituted by Ti are under developing. As the result of competitive roles of Ti and $stocihiometry({\alpha})$, the discharge capacity of $Zr-Ti-(Mn-V-Cr-Ni)_{l.8\pm0.1}$ alloys is about 400mAh/g(410 mAh/g, which shows the highest level of performance in the Zr-based alloy developed. Our sequential endeavor is improving the shortcoming of Zr-based Laves phase alloy for commercialization, i.e., poor activation property and low rate capability, etc. It is therefore believed that the commercialization of Zr-based Laves phase hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH rechargeable battery is in near future.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.25 no.8
• /
• pp.410-416
• /
• 2015

Microstructural analysis of a (${\alpha}+{\beta}$) Ti alloy was investigated to consider phase transformation in each step of the thermo-mechanical process using by SEM and TEM EDS. The TAF (Ti-6Al-4Fe) alloy was thermo-mechanically treated with solid solution at $880^{\circ}C$, rolling at $880^{\circ}C$ and annealing at $800^{\circ}C$. In the STQ state, the TAF microstructure was composed of a normal hcp ${\alpha}$ and metastable ${\beta}$ phase. In a rolled state, it was composed of fine B2 precipitates in an ${\alpha}$ phase, which had high Fe segregation and a coherent relationship with the ${\beta}$ matrix. Finally, in the annealing state, the fine B2 precipitates had disappeared in the ${\alpha}$ phase and had gone to the boundary of the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ phase. On the other hand, in a lower rolling temperature of $704^{\circ}C$, the B2 precipitates were more coarse in both the ${\alpha}$ and the boundary of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ phase. We concluded that microstructural change affects the mechanical properties of formability including rolling defects and cracks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.349-354
• /
• 2000

A use of Titanium alloy as a structural material is increasing lately. Among those titanium alloys, Ti-6A1-4V alloy is the most popular one with taking 2/3 of it's market. Also, Ti-6A1-4V alloy can get the stability of organization and product measure, and the evaluation of the cutting ability and the mechanical characteristics. The point in titanium alloy work is on how treat the heat generated during grinding. Because the heat conductivity of titanium alloy is unnegligibly low, the grinding heat is accumulated in workpiece, and it cause the increasing of grinding grits' wear and the rough grinding surface. So, these characteristics in grinding of titanium alloy will change the mechanical characteristics of the titanium alloy. From this study, the mechanical characteristics of annealed Ti-6A1-4V alloy after grinding was concerned with checking out the bending strength values, and the factor of the change and the difference was analyzed after analyzing the surface roughness and the image from SEM.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.624-634
• /
• 1998

The photoelastic model material with shape memory effect and the molding processes for the material are developed in this research. The matrix and fiber of the photoelastic model material developed in this research are epoxy resin (Araldite to hardner 10 to 3 (weight ratio)) and wire of $Ti_50-Ni_50$ shape memory alloy, respectively. It is called Ti50-Ni50 Shape Memory Alloy Fiber Epoxy Composite $(Ti_50-Ni_50SMA-FEC).$ Ti50-Ni50 SMA-FEC is satisfied with the requirements of the photoelastic model material and can be used as a photoelastic model material. The maximum recovering strain of $Ti_50-Ni_50$SMA-FEC is occurred at $80^{\circ}C$ in any prestrain of $Ti_50-Ni_50$ shape memory alloy fiber and in any fiber volume ratio. Recovering strain(force) is increased with the increment of the prestrain and the fiber volume ratio. The best prestrain of $Ti_50-Ni_50$SMA-FEC is 5% for the recovering force among 1%, 3%, 5%.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.47 no.7
• /
• pp.433-439
• /
• 2009

Ti and Ti based hydrogen storage alloys have been thought to be the third generation of alloys with a high hydrogen capacity, which makes it difficult to handle because of high reactivity. In order to solve the problem, the activation of a wide range of hysteresis of hydriding/dehydriding and without degradation of hydrogen capacity due to the hydriding/dehydriding cycle have to be improved in order to be aplied. Ti-Cr alloys have a high capacity about 0.8 wt.% in an ambient atmosphere. When the Ti-Cr alloys are added to Nb and Ta elements, they formed a laves phase in the alloy system. The Nb element was expected to make easy diffuse hydrogen in the Ti-Cr storage alloy, which was a catalytic element. In this study, the Ti-Nb-Cr ternary alloy was prepared by melt spinning. As-received specimens were characterized using XRD (X-ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) with EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) and TG/DSC (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry). In order to examine hydrogenation behavior, the PCI (Pressure-Composition-Isotherm) was performed at 293, 323, 373 and 423 K.