• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07c
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• pp.1436-1438
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• 2001

The $\beta$-SiC + $ZrB_2$ ceramic electroconductive composites were pressureless-sintered and annealed by adding 12wt% $Al_2O_3$ + $Y_2O_3$ (6 : 4wt%) powder as a function of sintering temperature. The relative density showed the highest value of 81.1% at 1900$^{\circ}C$ sintering temperature. The phase analysis of the composites by XRD revealed of $\alpha$-SiC(6H), $TiB_2$, $Al_5Y_2O_{12}$ and $\beta$-SiC(15R). Flexural strength showed the highest value of 230 MPa for composites sintered at 1900$^{\circ}C$. The vicker's hardness and the fracture toughness showed the highest value of increased with increasing sintering temperature and showed the highest of 9.88 GPa and 6.05 $MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ at 1900$^{\circ}C$. The electrical resistivity was measured by the Pauw method from 25$^{\circ}C$ to 700$^{\circ}C$. The electrical resistivity of the composites showed the PTCR (Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistivity).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2011

In this study, we used activated carbon (AC) and charcoal (CH) as carbon sources with $TiO_2$ powder to prepare spherical carbons containing titania (SCCT) by using phenolic resin (PR) as a bonding agent. The physicochemical characteristics of the SCCT samples were examined by BET, XRD, SEM, EDX, iodine adsorption and compressive strength. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by measuring the removal efficiency of three kinds of organic dyes: methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (Rh.B) under a UV/SCCT system. In addition, evaluation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of piggery waste was done at regular intervals and gave a good idea about the mineralization of wastewater.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2015

This study focused on effective decomposition methods for low concentrated organic compounds from the reuse of industrial wastewater, and confirmed the possibility through photocatalyst media. Photocatalyst immobilized media was developed to carry on this experiment which confirmed the removal possibility of low concentrated organic compounds. Considering the stability and efficiency of photocatalyst immobilization, inorganic support, hollow bead, and $TiO_2$ nano powder were used. As a result of the removal experiment, the removal efficiencies of acetonitrile, ethanol, IPA(Isopropyl alcohol), methanol were above 75% after 15 minutes while those of acetone, acetaldehyde, urea were 10%, 45%, 20%, respectively after 60 minutes. If further studies were made to increase the surface area of the photocatalyst immobilized media, the efficiency of the removal of low concentrated organic compounds can be improved and this solution can also be used in an actual treatment process.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.283-292
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplements of mineral(pegmatite) powder on the growth performance and meat quality during 14 month in 24 heads of Hanwoo steers. The Hanwoo steers were randomly allotted 3 treatments(8 heads I treatment); Control(0 %), Tl(supplemented with pegmatite 2.0% and vitamin A 0.2 %), T2(supplemented with pegmatite 2.0 %). The body weights of control, Tl and T2 were 646.2 kg, 624.0 kg and 656.8 kg on 26 month respectively. The daily gain was higher in T2(0.87 kg) than the others. The concentration of vitamin A(retinol) in the blood serum in T1(61.75 $\ell$ I dl) was higher than' control(41.93$\ell$ I dl) and T2(46.10mg I dl)(P < 0.05). The concentration of total cholesterol was lowest in TI (130.17mgI di) than the others(P< 0.05). Marbling scores and meat quality grade were to significnatly higher in T2(5.50 and 3.50) than control(2.71 and 1.83) and Tl(3.00 and 2.00)(P< 0.05).

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 1993

Laser welding of ASTM no. 1060 Al plate with a pulsed Nd: YAG laser of 200W average power was performed for end capping of KMRR nuclear fuel elements In this research, we performed basic welding experiments. Firstly, laser output parameters which affect laser welding parameters were studied by changing laser input parameters for effective welding of 1060 Al plates. We found that laser power density and pulse energy are important parameters for smooth bead shape. Secondly, welding parameters which affect weld width-to-depth ratio were studied by changing power density and pulse energy, shielding gas, and defocusing. We found that power density must be higher than 0.3 Mw/cm$^{2}$ pulse energy must be higer than 3 J. travel speed must not exceed 200mm/sec, laser focus must be existed beneath 2-3mm from plate surface and helium is proper shielding gas. Thirdly, we studied the weld defects of Al-1060 such as crack and porosity in lap-joint welding. We designed new welding geometry for crack free welding of Al-1060 plates, and obtained crack free weldment but with lack of fusion. However, with Ti, Zr grain refiner elements, we can weld Al plates without solidification hot crack. Finally, we studied the origin of porosity by changing shielding gas. And we found that porosity was resulted from entrapment of shielding gas by the collapsing keyhole.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.11a
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• pp.492-495
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• 1987

In this study, PLZT ceramics were fabricated by freeze-drying and normal sintering method. The compositional rate of specimen was selected 9/65/35 (La/Zr/Ti) which have good optical and dielectric properties, sintering time was varied 1, 10, 30, 40, 50, 55, 60 and 65 hr at $1250^{\circ}C$. After sintering, the optical and dielectric properties were investigated with the grain size. As the result of the experiment, freeze-dried powder appeared particle size less than 1 um. The relative dielectric constant was increased linearly with the sintering time, specimen which sintered for 65 hr had the highest value, 5780. Grain was grown with increasing time, in the case of specimen sintered for 60 hr, the grain size was 8.4 um. Transmittance was increased with the grain size. In the case of 8.4 um grain size, the transmittance was 56 %. Curie temperature was decreased linearly by the surface-layer effect of space-charge, in the case of grain size which were 1.8 um and 8.4 um, appeared at $100^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2003

Highly homogeneous PZT powder was prepared by a partial oxalate method using chemicals of (Z $r_{0.53}$ $Ti_{0.47}$) $O_2$, Pb(N $o_3$)$_2$and (COOH)$_2$ㆍ2$H_2O$. N $b_2$ $O_{5}$ addition effect on microstructure and electrical properties of PZT ceramics was investigated. When the precursors were calcined at 71$0^{\circ}C$, a single perovskite phase was obtained. After sintering at 110$0^{\circ}C$, X-ray diffraction Patterns showed coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases regardless of the N $b_2$ $O_{5}$ content. As the content of N $b_2$ $O_{5}$ increased, grain size decreased but sintered density increased. The electromechanical coupling factor of kp and the piezoelectric constant of $d_{31}$ increased linearly with the content of N $b_2$ $O_{5}$, and those values reached 0.7 and -200, respectively, when 1.2 mol% of N $b_2$ $O_{5}$ is added. is added.ded.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2003

($Ba_{0.6-x}Sr_{0.4}Ca_x)TiO_3$ (BSCT) (x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20) powder, prepared by the sol-gel method, were mixed with organic vehicle and the BSCT thick films were fabricated by the screen-printing techniques on alumina substrates using the BSCT paste. The structural and the electrical properties were investigated for various composition ratio and sintering temperature. BSCT thick film thickness, obtained by four printings, was approximately 110 ~ 120 ${\mu}m$. The Curie temperature and dielectric constant at room temperature were decreased with increasing Ca content. The relative dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tunability of the BSCT(50/40/10) specimen, which was sintered at $1420^{\circ}C$ and measured at 1MHz, were about 910, 0.46% and 9.28% at 5kV/cm, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.525-530
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• 2014

Titanium dioxide nanotube supported ZSM-5 zeolite composite catalyst was fabricated by decorating ZSM-5 zeolite on the hydrothermally synthesized titanium dioxide via hydrothermal process and subsequent annealing. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET). The surface acidity of the catalyst was measured by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of pyridine adsorption. And the catalytic activity for ethanol dehydration to ethylene was evaluated in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor. Attributed to the increase of the effective surface acid sites caused by titanium dioxide nanotube as electron acceptor, titanium dioxide nanotube supported ZSM-5 zeolite composite catalyst exhibits strongly enhanced activity for ethanol dehydration to ethylene.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 1995

Using sol-gel processing method, thin films of lathanum modified lead titanate(PLT) on Corning 7059 glass were prepared. A differential thermal analysis (DTA/TG) curve of gel powder and infrared spectra (FT-IR) of the films were measured to estimate residual organices in them. The heat-treated films were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD). Microstructures of the films were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Optical properties of the films were determined by a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The waveguiding properties and optical attenuation were measured with the end coupling method and the cut back method. Effects of the drying conditions on the transmittance and the propagation loss of the films were investigated. Experimemtal results showed that the content of residual organics in the film decreased as the drying temperature of the film increased. As the La content of the film increased, the grain size decreased and the transmittance increased. The transmittances of the films increased with the increasing of the drying temperature. The propagation losses in the film decreased as the drying temperature increased.