• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.305-308
• /
• 1993

Metastatic thyroid carcinoma in bone shows characteristic expansile, trabeculated lysis on radio-gram. The ordinary scintigraphy manifests with a simple photopenic defect. We were able to portray trabeculation within photopenic defects. We present papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma, one each, pinhole bone scintigraphic findings of which are cold area with septated increased uptake at the iliae bone. These findings correspond very well with their X-ray pictures.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2007

Cytologic diagnosis of the metastatic tumors to the thyroid is important in the management of the patients. There have been rare reports analyzing fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of metastatic tumors to the thyroid. This study examines comprehensive cytologic findings of metastatic tumors to the thyroid with radiologic findings. The FNA cytology slides obtained from 12 cases with metastatic tumors of the thyroid; lung cancer (n=5), tongue and tonsil cancer (n=3), esophageal cancer (n=2), and breast cancer (n=2) were reviewed. Radiological study showed single mass with heterogeneous texture or multiple masses without calcification. Metastatic tumor was easily considered in a differential diagnosis of FNA cytology because they had peculiar cytological features which were not seen in primary thyroid tumor. The smear background varied from predominantly necrotic, bloody, and inflammatory to colloid. The aspirates exhibited a mixture of benign follicular cells and malignant cells in 6 cases. The characteristic cytoplasmic features of the tumor cells, such as keratin, mucin and melanin, were found in 9 cases. Although some cases mimic primary thyroid neoplasm, a careful examination of the cytological characteristics may help cytopathologists to recognize a metastatic tumor in the thyroid by FNA, and may help the clinicians to establish a proper treatment plan.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 1992

Ten patients with $H\"{u}rthle$ cell tumor of the thyroid gland from Dec. 1987 to Sep. 1992 were reviewed to delinate an acceptable policy of treatment. Patients varied from age 23 years to 66 and consisted of nine females and one male, most of whom had an asymptomatic solitary cold nodule. Four patients had benign neoplasm and six patients had malignant neoplasm proven by capsular or vascular invasion or nodal metastasis. Associated thyroid lesions occurred in five patients, three adenomatous goiter, one Graves' disease and one follicular cell carcinoma. Surgery consisting of lobectomy and isthmectomy in four patients, bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy in one patients, total thyroidectomy in five patients. Lymph node dissection was not performed. Only one patient was experienced transient hypocalcemia. The period of observation varied from 15 to 58 months(mean, 30.5 months). Although our case was small and short follow up period, there were no recurrences or deaths. We suggested early aggressive surgical approach was appropriate because of lower recurrence rate and fewer operation, high bilateralism, lower surgical complication.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.240-242
• /
• 2010

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a very rare event, representing much less than 1% of all malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. The cancer is characterized by rapidly progressive clinical course in spite of its differentiated morphologic features. In most cases, a squamous epithelium is believed to be a result of metaplasia of a follicular epithelium, although in rare exceptions, it can originate from a remnant of the thyroglossal duct or ultimobranchial body. Squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland can occur in a pure form or mixed with adenocarcinoma. Because their clinical behavior is more aggressive than that of other malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland, the tumor should be treated more vigorously at its initial stage. Recently, authors experienced one case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. We report our case with a brief review of literature.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2003

Insular carcinoma of the thyroid(ICT) is an uncommon thyroglobulin-producing neoplasm, intermediate between well differentiated and anaplastic carcinoma. Only a few publications have addressed the fine needle aspiration cytologic(FNAC) findings from ICT. We experienced a case histologically diagnosed as ICT and with preoperative FNAC in a 52 - year - old woman. The FNAC displayed scanty colloid and abundant monomorphic follicular cells presented singly, in small loose aggregates, and in cohesive trabecular or acinar clusters. Intact insulae of tumor cells were also identified. Necrosis and mitosis were rare. Tumor cells showed round and monomorphic nuclei, finely granular chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleoli. When insular structure is identified in thyroid FNAC specimen, ICT should be included in the differential diagnosis. Herein we discuss and review the cytologic criteria for separation of ICT from other thyroid neoplasms.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 1997

A sex cord tumor with annnular tubules is a relatively rare ovarian neoplasm. The cytologic findings from a fine needle aspiration biopsy of neck metastasis of a sex cord tumor with annnular tubules are described. The origin of the neck metastasis was the right ovary, and the tumor was diagnosed six years ago. The cytologic findings were characterized by tumor cells arranged in solid or follicular patterns. The tumor cells formed rosette-like or complex tubular structures with central rounded or coalesced hyaline materials. It was difficult to distinguish this tumor cytologically from granulosa cell tumor, thyroid follicular neoplasm, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, and Brenner tumor, but complex tubular structures were helpful in discriminating between these tumors.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2001

Background and Objectives: Nitric oxide (NO) is generated in mammalian tissue by the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. This reaction is catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NO is an important bioactive agent and a signalling molecule that mediates a variety of biologic actions such as vasodilation, neurotransmission, host defense, and iron metabolism but increased NO production may also contribute to the pathogenesis of a various of disorders, including cancer. Before now, the role of NO in thyroid gland is still investigated and it was supposed that NO mediate the angiogenesis in tumor growth. Others journal and works identified the expression of iNOS that involve by neutrophil and eNOS that involve in part in the vascular remodeling and to understand the role of NO in human thyroid gland. But authors revealed only eNOS in thyroid neoplasm. iNOS was identifed by inflammation in fault. Materials and Methods: Western blot analysis was performed, using a polyclonal antibody against eNOS (Rabbit polyclonal IgG). Using the same antibody, the distribution of eNOS was examined in 15 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples by immunohistochemistry. By NADPH consumption rate, NOS activity was estimated at nodular hyperplasia. Results: Western blot analysis exhibited that eNOS was significantly elevated in thyroid papillary carcinoma, compared to that in nodular hyperplasia and normal tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that the immunoreacitivity was present more significantly in thyroid follicular epithelial cell layer than vascular endothelial cell. NOS activity increased in nodular hyperplasia. Conclusions: Thyroid papillary cancer without neutrophil invasion expressed only eNOS. The endothelial localization of eNOS may play an important role in pathogenensis of human thyroid nodular hyperplasia and the follicular localization of thyroid papillary carcinomas.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 1999

We retrospectively reviewed the results of 1,850 fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) of thyroid nodules performed from 1990 to 1991 in the Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital. Among 1,528 cases and 322 cases aspirated by clinicians and a pathologist, 465 cases(30.4%) and 13 cases(4.0%) of the aspirates were inadequate, respectively. In 227 cases, correlation of the FNAC diagnosis and histologic diagnosis was done. Excluding the inadequate cases, the sensitivity nor the detection of neoplasm(malignancy together with follicular adenoma) was 86.4% and the specificity was 70.7%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 79.0%. There were 16 false-positive cases(7.0%), and 19 false-negative cases(8.4%). The predictive value of each cytologic diagnosis was 92% in papillary carcinoma, and 100%, in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The expectancy of malignancy was 52.8% in "suspicious malignancy" and 26.7% in "atypical lesion".

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 1998

Fine needle aspiration cytology was used widely to select thyroid nodules for surgery. The result could be highly reliable for most malignancies and for benign nodules. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of frozen biopsy by directly comparing the results of preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology to frozen biopsy examination. In our university hospital, 103 patients with thyroid nodule were operated during the years 1996 through 1997. A comparison of accuracy of the fine needle aspiration cytology with frozen biopsy was made for 85 patients who underwent both procedures. The 85 patients were separated into two groups. The group I included 65 patients, whose preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology results were reported as benign or malignant lesion definitely. The group II included 85 patients, the patients whose reported fine needle aspiration cytologic result was suspicious for malignancy were regarded .as malignant lesion and results for follicular neoplasm were regarded as benign lesion. The accuracy of both procedures was compared on two group also. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of frozen biopsy were 76.7%, 93.5%, and 85.2% in group I and 75.6%, 95.5%, and 85.9% in group II, respectively, compared with 63.3%, 87.1%, and 75.4% in group I and 65.4%, 81.8%, and 72.9% in group II for fine needle aspiration cytology. On benign lesion, the accuracy was 95.5% in frozen biopsy and 68.2% in fine needle aspiration cytology, 75.6% in frozen biopsy and 53.7% in fine needle aspiration cytology on malignant lesion. We conclude that although fine needle aspiration cytology is the reliable diagnostic test in the evaluation of thyroid nodule, frozen biopsy should be performed intraoperatively, because fine needle aspiration cytology is insufficiently sensitive for reliable surgical planning.