• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.425-433
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• 2014

Adrenal and thyroid hormones are essential for the regulation of intrauterine homeostasis, and for the timely differentiation and maturation of fetal organs. These hormones play complex roles during fetal life, and are believed to underlie the cellular communication that coordinates maternal-fetal interactions. They serve to modulate the functional adaptation for extrauterine life during the perinatal period. The pathophysiology of systemic vasopressor-resistant hypotension is associated with low levels of circulating cortisol, a result of immaturity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in preterm infants under stress. Over the past few decades, studies in preterm infants have shown abnormal clinical findings that suggest adrenal or thyroid dysfunction, yet the criteria used to diagnose adrenal insufficiency in preterm infants continue to be arbitrary. In addition, although hypothyroidism is frequently observed in extremely low gestational age infants, the benefits of thyroid hormone replacement therapy remain controversial. Screening methods for congenital hypothyroidism or congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the preterm neonate are inconclusive. Thus, further understanding of fetal and perinatal adrenal and thyroid function will provide an insight into the management of adrenal and thyroid function in the preterm infant.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 1997

A primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is extremely rare disease. We evaluated this disease by fine needle aspiration cytology in a 43 year-old female. On physical examination, the thyroid was moderately enlarged and palpated with hard consistency. The cytologic aspirate revealed nests of squamous cells, malignant squame and thyroid follicular cells in the necrotic background. We diagnosed this tumor as squamous cell carcinoma with cytologic evidence. Surgically resected thyroid revealed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for antithyroglobulin proved that this tumor was primary in origin and clinical study confirmed this lesion to be of primary thyroid origin rather than metastasis or direct invasion from contiguous structures.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2006

갑상선질환은 비교적 흔한 질환으로 임상의사들이 쉽게 접할 수 있다. 그러나 갑상선질환 환자들은 전형적인 증상을 호소하는 경우부터 흔치 않는 임상상으로 병원을 찾는 경우까지 매우 다양하다. 간혹 정신과의사들이 심한 갑상선기능항진증을 조증 또는 가벼운 정신분열증으로 또는 심한 갑상선기능저하증을 우울증으로 자칫 오진하기 쉽다. 또한 갑상선 종양은 촉지되지 않는 경우까지 포함하여 전인구의 30% 이상에서 발견되고, 이중 최소 5% 이상은 악성종양이므로 갑상선 종양 환자의 접근 및 치료에 대해서도 개괄적인 이해가 필요하다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.26-28
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• 2013

Thyroid hemiagenesis is rare congenital anomaly that one lobe of thyroid fails to develop. It is often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally with other thyroid disease such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, multinodular goiter, benign adenoma and cancer. Most cases reported are left thyroid lobe agenesis and occurred in female. Compensatory hypertrophy occurs in most cases. Many cases are asymptomatic and detected incidentally, so awareness of its existence can help its detection and proper treatment. Here, we report a case of thyroid hemiagenesis accompanying hypothyroidism with a review of literature.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.62-64
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• 2013

The distant metastasis is found out in about 25-57% of the patients with renal cell carcinoma at the time of diagnosis. But, the incidence of metastases to the head and neck region, especially to the thyroid gland, is rare. Most of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid gland are asymptomatic at presentation as patients with primary thyroid carcinoma. In the presence of clear cell tumor of the thyroid gland, the diagnostic considerations must include metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We report a case of thyroid metastasis from renal cell carcinoma at the time of diagnosis.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.50-52
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• 2011

Ectopic thyroid gland is a defined as thyroid tissue located in a site other than its usual pre-tracheal location. Ultrasound examination, CT scan, thyroid scan, and thyroid iodine uptake test are all valuable modalities for a differential diagnosis. Although most of cases are asymptomatic, treatment is indicated when there are symptoms related to progressive growth of mass. This article reports a ectopic thyroid cyst in the anterior neck that was similar to deep neck infection accompanied by acute airway obstruction.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1970

Experiments were carried out in order to study the relationship of thyroid activity to growth potentiality in chicken. Further work was also performed to determine thyroid secretion rate and body gain of the different sexes. A correlation coefficient of 0.241 in the male and 0.237 in the female were obtained between daily gains and daily thyroid $^{131}I$ out put rate in the chicken. The correlation was not statistically significant, but the chicken with a lower thyroid activity tended to gain faster than those with a higher thyroid activity. The average daily gain of the female(12.13 gram) was significantly higher than the male (9.28 gram). The average daily thyroid secretion rate of male tended to have a higher rate, but it was not statistically significant.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.154-158
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• 1997

A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland associated with esophageal carcinoma is presented A squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is rare and is prognosis is poor. The histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is not clear, but at present, it is believed that most cases arise from the follicular epithelium It is very important to know whether squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is primary or secondary. Thus, the possibility of squamous cell carcinoma in the thyroid being the result of a metastasis or extension from a primary tumor in the trachea or esophagus must always be ruled out and intensive evaluation should be required to confirm the diagnosis of this disease. We report a squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid associated with esophageal cancer with brief review of literature.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are widely used for the treatment of advanced radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. Although the previous studies including large-scale randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the effects of TKIs in advanced thyroid cancers, it has been found that most patients experienced adverse events (AEs). Unlike other cancers, even patients with advanced thyroid cancers are often asymptomatic. Rather, TKI use can make patients suffer adverse events. Therefore, the use of TKI should be decided after the full consideration of AEs as well as its efficacies. While using TKI, AEs should be monitored, evaluated, and managed appropriately, if AEs develop. In this review, the occurrence, evaluation, and management of AEs of sorafenib, lenvatinib, and vandetanib will be described, which TKIs are most commonly used for the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer. Some suggestions for the management of AEs in the real life are also provided.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2018

Most thyroid cancers are well-differentiated cancers and have a very good prognosis. About 10% of thyroid cancer, however, invades the surrounding tissues, causing local recurrence and distant metastasis, and eventually affecting survival rate. In locally advanced thyroid cancers, the invasion of trachea, larynx and esophagus, can be occurred by primary tumor and may also result in lymph nodes metastasis. Surgical resection is still mainstay for the treatment of locally advanced thyroid cancer. The main purpose of the surgical resection is to eliminate the cancer completely, therefore, it can cause many complications such as dysfunction of the larynx, trachea and esophagus. It can have a serious effect on the quality of life, therefore there is still controversy on the extent of the surgery. The authors compare and analyze the opinions which were already discussed in the literatures published so far. These will help to select the surgical method.