• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.72-83
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• 2015

천연기념물 제1호인 도동 측백나무군락지에 대한 식물상 연구를 통하여 측백나무와 함께 지역 고유의 식생을 구성하는 식물종의 다양성을 발굴하고, 생태학적 특성을 분석하여, 국가식생/식물자원의 가치를 고찰하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 밝혀진 도동 측백나무림의 식물상은 67과 147속 199종 16변종, 4품종, 219분류군으로 확인되었다. 출현종 가운데 멸종위기종은 확인되지 않았으나, IUCN 기준의 취약종인 모감주나무와 약관심종인 측백나무, 가침박달의 분포가 확인되었다. 연구지역은 지질학적 연구에서 비석회암지역으로 분류되고 있으나, 측백나무를 포함한 부싯깃고사리, 금털고사리, 돌좀고사리, 산조팝나무, 분꽃나무, 청가시나무 등의 호석회식물이 다소 많은 수(15종)가 분포하고 있으며, 털개살구, 털조록싸리, 큰구와꼬리풀, 개나리(식재기원) 등 한국 특산식물도 4분류군이 분포하고 있어, 지역 종급원 형성에 중요한 서식처의 하나로 판단된다. 귀화식물은 큰닭의덩굴, 소리쟁이, 물냉이, 미국가막사리, 개망초 등의 분포가 확인되었으며, 귀화율과 도시화지수가 3.6%와 2.2%로 대구지역에 비해 매우 낮은 수치를 보였으며, 귀화식물에 의한 지역 생태계의 교란위협 정도는 높지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구지역은 측백나무가 고유의 식생경관을 구성하고 있다는 점뿐 아니라 국내에서 자생하는 측백나무림의 최남단분포지라는 것에서 큰 의미를 가지며, 서식처를 반영한 고유한 지역식물 구성종들이 독특한 종조성을 형성하고 있어 생태학적 보존가치가 높이 평가되었다. 나아가 측백나무 자생지의 서식처에 대한 질적 가치를 훼손하지 않는 보존방안의 필요성을 제기하였으며, 지속가능한 보전을 위한 방안들을 고찰하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, Chemical antiseptics have become great problems for health and environmental, so that developing of new substitutes for chemical antiseptics is more and more important. Natural product is a kind of environment-friendly additive that could be used as antiseptic in food industry. Thuja orientalis cv Aurea Nana is a gymnospermous plant of the family Cupressaceae, native to northwestern China and widely naturalised elsewhere in Korea and Japan. This study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential of various organic extracts from T. orientalis cones against some food-borne and food-spoilage bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hexane extract (HE), chloroform extract (CE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and methanol extract (ME) were obtained from female cones of T. orientalis. The antibacterial activities of various extracts were tested by standard agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against five gram-positive and six gram-negative bacteria. Cell viability and morphology change of L. monocytogenes ATCC 10943 treated with hexane extract were also observed. The various extracts displayed remarkable antibacterial effects against all the gram-positive bacteria but did not show any effect against the gram-negative bacteria. Hexane extract has the highest inhibitory effect on cell viability of L. monocytogenes ATCC 10943. SEM observation also demonstrated the damaging effect of the hexane extract on the morphology of L. monocytogenes ATCC 10943 at the minimum inhibitory concentration. CONCLUSION(s): The tested gram-positive bacteria were significantly inhibited by organic extracts of T. orientalis cone. Hexane extract was the most potent against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 10943, as evidenced by the lowest MIC level and the complete inhibition of cell viability within shortest exposure time, along with SEM observation.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-92
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• 2013

The vascular plants of Thuja orientalis community in Seokmun-bong, Danyang were listed 222 taxa (4.5% of all 4,881 taxa of vascular plants); 67 families, 150 genera, 163 species, 2 subspecies, 43 varieties and 14 forms. Limestone plants, 29 taxa; Asplenium rutamuraria, Celtis koraiensis, Goodyera coreana, etc. So, Based on the legal protection species, endangered wild plants II, were recorded; Thalictrum coreanum (EN) and rare plants, 8 taxa; Thuja orientalis (LC), Exochorda serratifolia var. serratifolia (LC), Diarthron linifolium (EN), Bupleurum falcatum (VU), Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LC), Dracocephalum argunense (EN), Polygonatum robustum (EN), etc. and endemic plants, 3 taxa; Populus tomentiglandulosa (Planted plant), Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Asperula lasiantha, etc. Based on the list of specific plants, 29 taxa; Thalictrum coreanum in class V, 7 taxa (Neillia uyekii for. uyekii, Prunus sibirica, Abelia coreana, etc.) in class IV, 8 taxa (Spiraea trichocarpa, Polygala tatarinowi, Asparagus oligoclonos, etc.) in class III, 2 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii var. dickinsii, Weigela florida) in class II, 11 taxa (Morus cathayana, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Zizyphus jujuba var. jujuba, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 10 taxa (Robinia pseudoacacia, Oenothera biennis, Festuca arundinacea, etc.), naturalization rate (NR) was 4.5% of all 222 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index (UI) was 3.1% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activities of organic extracts obtained from the fruit of Thuja orientalis L. The native fruits in Korea were collected and extracted by 80% ethanol, and the extract was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and butanol. The fraction yields of n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water of ethanol extract were 10.15%, 10.05%, 1.45%, 45.35% and 27.55%, respectively. n-Hexane-soluble fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria, while the chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous fractions did not show any antibacterial activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) on Staphyloycoccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Sateptococcus pneumoniae, n-hexane-soluble fraction were $100\;{\mu}g$, $500\;{\mu}g$ and $50\;{\mu}g$/disc, respectively. The antibacterial activity was not destroyed by heating at 80, 100, $120^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and was not affected by pH. In the inhibitory test against the Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Sateptococcus pneumoniae, n-hexane-soluble fraction showed potent growth inhibition at the concentration of 0.1 and $0.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ for 12~24 hours and n-hexane-soluble fraction did not show any mutagenic activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2021

The ethyl acetate fractions prepared from the leaves of Thuja orientalis significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. According to bioassay-coupled LC-QTOF MS/MS, the components near 22 and 25 mins in the mass chromatogram highly inhibited NO production and were expected to be labdane diterpenes, and the active components were characterized via further isolation. The results of the NO production inhibitory assay of the isolated compounds correlated well with the results of bioassay-coupled LC-QTOF MS/MS. Among the identified constituents, NO production inhibitory activities of 16-hydroxy-labda-8(17),13-diene-15,19-dioic acid butenolide (2) and 15-hydroxypinusolidic acid (3) were newly reported. Taken together, these results demonstrated that LC-QTOF MS/MS coupled with NO production inhibition assay was a powerful tool for accurately predicting new anti-inflammatory constituents in the extracts from natural products. Moreover, it provided a potential basis for broadening the application of bioassay-coupled LC-QTOF MS/MS in natural product research.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.248-258
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• 2017

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Thuja orientalis L., diffuse-porous wood Gmelina arborea Roxb., and ring-porous wood Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Longitudinal flow was considered from bottom to top while the radial flow was considered from bark to pith directions. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents(MC). The variation of penetration speed for different species was observed and the reasons behind for this variation were explored. The highest radial penetration depth was found in ray parenchyma of T. orientalis but the lowest one was found in ray parenchyma of P. amurense. The average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal trachied of T. orientalis was found the highest among all the other cells. The penetration depth in fiber of G. arborea was found the lowest among the other longitudinal cells. It was found that cell dimension and also meniscus angle of safranine solution with cell walls were the prime factors for the variation of liquid flow speed in wood. Vessel was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration for hardwood species. The penetration depth in vessel of G. arborea was found highest among all vessels. Anatomical features like ray parenchyma cell length and diameter, end-wall pits number were found also responsible fluid flow differences. Initially liquid penetration speed was high and the nit gradually decreased in an uneven rate. Liquid flow was captured via video and the penetration depths in those cells were measured. It was found that even in presence of abundant rays in hardwood species, penetration depth of liquid in radial direction of softwood species was found high. Herein the ray length, lumen area, end wall pit diameter determined the radial permeability. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Following a go-stop-go cycle, the penetration speed of a liquid decreased over time.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 1999

The community structure, phytomass, and primary productivity in Thuja orientalis stands on a limestone area located in Maepo-up, Chungbuk province in Korea were estimated quantitatively. Seven species including a small proportion of Quercus dentata were identified in the tree layer, 26 species including Ulmus macrocarpa in the shrub layer, and 79 species including Carex lnceolata in the herb layer of the Thuja stands. The vertical distribution of the fine root phytomass exhibited a power functional decrease relative to the soil depth. The seasonal changes in the fine root phytomass at a soil depth of 5 cm were closely related to the pecipitation in the study area. The productivity of the stand of stems, branches, leaves, and roots were 10.72, 0.82, 0.45 and 6.46 ton DM. $ha^{-1}$ .$yr^{-1}$, respectively. The Thuja stand had a high foliage(25%) and low rate of production per unit of foliage. The annual turnover rate of the fine roots int he Thuja stand was 6.71 $yr^{-1}$. The net primary production of the overstory including the understory was estimated at 19.48 ton DM.$ha^{-1}$.$yr^{-1}$ including an underground section of 6.46 ton DM.$ha^{-1}$.$yr^{-1}$(33%). The allocation ratio of net production to root was lower in the limestone Thuja communities than at the nearby non-limestone ones, whereas the production efficiency to leaf weight was higher in the limestone communities. These results would seem to indicate that the limited production capacity is due to the calcium toxicity and low availability of iron and phosphorus in a limestone soil with a high pH, calcium, and bicarbonate content with a strategy for survival in a hostile habitat.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2015

본 연구는 대구 도동측백나무림을 보전하기 위한 기초 자료를 확보할 목적으로 식생군집 분류 및 임분 특성을 분석하였다. 유집 분석 결과, 굴참나무 군집(A), 굴참나무-신갈나무 군집(B), 소나무 군집(C), 측백나무 군집(D)으로 분류되었으며, D군집의 입지환경은 해발고도가 99.3 m, 경사도 $59^{\circ}$, 암석노출도는 68.3%, 흉고단면적은 $21.8m^2/ha$이며 사면방위는 북서사면이었다. MRPP-test 결과 적절한 군집으로 분류되었다. 중요치는 D군집에서 측백나무는 85.4%, 굴참나무 1.3%, 소나무 1.3%, 물푸레나무 3.6% 등으로 나타났으며, 대표수종의 흉고직경급 분석 결과 측백나무는 역J자형곡선으로 나타났다. 종다양도(H')는 0.600~0.834, 최대종다양도(H'max) 1.317~1.466, 균재도(J') 0.456~0.594, 우점도(D')는 0.405~0.544로 분석되었다. 지표종 분석 결과 목본류 4분류군, 초본류 9분류군으로 나타났다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2001

Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil extracted from plants Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Thuja orientalis and Chamaecyparis obtusa were tested against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi of fish. At the concentrations above 500ppm, ingibitory effect of the oil of A. princeps var. orientalis was at its peak against Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 14715, A. hydrophila CF-2, A. salmonicida ATCC 14174 and A. salmonicida EL-1 but the bacteria Edwardsiella tarda KBF-1, Vibrio anguillarum ATCC19264, V. ordalii ATCC33509 and Streptococcus sp. were insensitive. Likewise, the oil extract of T. orientalis showed the highest inhibitory activity against V. ordalii ATCC33509, E. tarda ECK-1, and E. tarda KBF-1 at 300ppm; however the activity was highest at 500ppm or A. hydrophila ATCC14715, A. hydrophila CF-2, A. salomonicida ATCC14174, A. salmonicida EL-1 and Streptococcus sp. SF-1. With increasing dose of C. obtusa oil, the inhibitory activity became more and more effective against A. hydrophila CF-2, A. salomonicida ATCC14174, E. tarda ECK-1 and Streptococcus sp. SF-1, but A. hydrophila ATCC14174, A. salmonicida EL-1, E. tarda KBF-1, V. anguillarum ATCC19264, V. ardalii ATCC33509 and gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus sp.) were somewhat resistant. A. princeps var. orientalis, T. orientalis and C. obtusa were also tested against Saprolegnia sp. at the oil concentrations of 10, 100, 500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000ppm. The inhibitory effect of the oil on the inhibit the mycelial growth of Saprolegnia sp. at 10ppm and completely inhibited at over 500ppm.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.409-413
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• 2000

식물추출물로부터 보다 안전하고 효과있는 새로운 tyrosinase 저해제를 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 먼저 기존의 spectrophotometric assay를 개선한 새로운 TLC 검색방법을 사용하여 여러 식물추출물을 검색한 결과 백자인의 메탄올추출물이 강한 tyrosinase 저해활성을 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 백자인의 메탄올추출물로부터 tyrosinase 저해제를 분리하기 위하여 먼저 탈지 메탄올추출물을 에테르, 에틸아세테이트 및 부탄올로 순차적으로 용매분획한 후 이 중 활성이 강한 에테르 추출물을 얻었다, 다음 에테르 추출물을 5% NaHCO$_3$로 씻은 후 산성화하여 얻은 강산성에테르추출물을 silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 및 분취 TLC를 각각 이용하여 4가지의 tyrosinase 저해물질을 분리하였으며, 이 중 화합물 2 ($IC_{50}$/=26 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)와 3 ($IC_{50}$/=30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)은 tyrosinase 저해제로 잘 알려진 ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}$/=28 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)와 유사하게 강한 tyrosinase 저해활성을 나타내었으며, 현재 그들의 화학구조를 동정하고 있다. 이러한 결과를 미루어볼 때 백자인으로부터 분리된 tyrosinase 저해제는 식품의 효소적갈변저해제로써 뿐만 아니라 기미, 주근깨 및 검반점을 예방할 수 있는 미백화장품 및 의약품의 신소재로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.