• Journal of Life Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 2001

Nonactin is the parent compound of a group of ionophore antibiotics, that known as the macrotetrolides. In previous report, in th course of screening superoxide radical-generating compounds from microbial sources, we first screened Streptomyces viridochromogenes JM-4151 that produces nonactin. It was proved that nonactin is superoxide radical-producing compound. In present study, we examined the optimal culture conditions of nonacin. Th optimal culture conditions for nonactin production were as follows: 1% soluble starch, 1% yeast extract, 0.2% ammonium nitrate, 0.06% magnesium sulfate, 0.2% calcium carbonate, initial pH 7.0 at 28$^{\circ}C$ for 96 h. The highest nonactin production was achieved in the production medium of initial pH7.0 at 28$^{\circ}C$ for 96h. The threshold level of dissolved oxygen was found to be above 33.2% at 28$^{\circ}C$ when 1% soluble starch was used as a carbon source. These results suggest that S. viridochromogenes JM-4151 might be a possible strain for industrial nonactin producer.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.325-328
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• 2000

LG 경제연구원이 발표한 보고서에 의하면, 국내 인터넷 쇼핑몰 시장이 2003년에는 1조 7000억원 규모를 상회할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 그러나 급격한 성장세를 보이고 있는 인터넷 쇼핑 시장규모에 비해 아직까지도 소비자와 관련된 연구는 많이 부족한 실정이다. 특히, 인터넷 쇼핑과 관련된 자료를 보면 소비자들은 인터넷을 통한 제품구매 시 여전히 불안감을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있음에도 불구하고 인터넷쇼핑에서의 지각된 위험에 대한 연구는 간헐적으로 이루어지고 있을 뿐이며, 이들 연구 역시 인터넷 쇼핑에서의 지각된 위험과 그 유형을 규명하는 데에만 초점을 맞추고 있어 지각된 위험수준에 따라 소비자의 구매행동이 어떻게 달라지는지에 대해서는 논의가 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지각된 위험수준에 따른 소비자의 구매행동을 브랜드와 가격 의존도로 한정시켜 이들 요인들간의 상대적 중요성 지각을 살펴볼 것이다. 본 연구에서 다룰 연구문제를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서 제품 구매시 제품유형과 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 명성 그리고 인터넷 쇼핑경험의 세 변수는 소비자의 지각된 위험에 각각 어떤 영향을 미치며, 탐색재와 경험재, 인터넷 쇼핑몰 명성의 정도 그리고 인터넷 쇼핑경험의 유무에 따라 어떤 차이점이 존재하는가\ulcorner 둘째, 소비자의 지각된 위험의 수준과 브랜드와 가격의 상대적 중요성 지각과는 어떤 관계가 있는가\ulcorner 셋째, 브랜드와 가격의 상대적 중요성 지각정도에 두 매개변수인 제품 정보량과 제품 친숙도가 어떤 역할을 하는가\ulcorner 등이다.bition of severity of convulsions, decrease of seizures threshold, decrease of audiogenic seizures in rats of different strains and normalization of cerebral blood flow (measured by hydrogen test) were demonstrated in rats after i.c.v., intraperitoneally and orally administration, respectively. The antiepileptical effects by the combination of compounds from ginseng; were compared with the iuluence of Rg1, Rb1, Rc and with the well known antiepileptical drugs such as carbamazepine, valproic acid. The base for the research is obtained by using the WAG/Rij strain (Luijtelaar, Coenen, Kuznetcova), an excellent genetic model for human generalized absence epilepsy. The improving action of gensinosides was effectively demonstrated on the model of electrical kindling of amygdala of WA

• 한국광학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.333-336
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• 2007

[ $-40^{\circ}C$ ]에서 $85^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 냉각장치 없이 동작하는 1.31 um 비냉각 DFB-LD가 유기 금속 화학 증착법에 의해 성장되었다. 높은 전광변환효율을 갖는 레이저의 제작은 스트레인이 인가된 다중양자우물 구조의 최적화를 통해 가능하며, 특히 스트레인의 양, 양자 우물의 두께, 전위장벽의 두께, 양자 우물의 수, 활성층의 폭에 주로 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서 제작된 DFB-LD는 $25^{\circ}C$와 $85^{\circ}C$에서 전광변환효율은 0.38[mW/mA]와 0.26[mW/mA], 발진개시전류는 각각 7.1[mA]와 19.8[mA]의 값을 가졌다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-55
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• 1998

액상화 가능성을 예측하기위해 많은 방법들이 제안되어왔지만, 재료의 미세구조의 특성을 이용한 방법은 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는, 동하중을 받는 재료의 전체 응력-변형률의 특징에 대해 통합적 구성방식을 제공하는 교량상태개념(DSC)모델에 이론적 기초를 두며, 포화 사질토의 액상와 가능성을 평가하기 위한 새로운 방법을 제안한다. DSC이론으로부터, 미세구조의 변형시 재료내부 상태의 급격한 변화가 일어나는 시점의 교란도(한계교란도: Dc)를 초기 액상화 시기로 정의한다. 본 방법은 포화 Ottawa 모래를 이용한 진동 실삼축시험 결과로부토 얻은 자료를 이용하여 적합성이 검토되었다. 또한 본 연구로부터, 액상화와 초기 구속압사이의 관계가 Dc의 개념으로부터 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서 제안한 새로운 액상화 평가방법은 액상화 거동을 예측할 수 있으며, 결론적으로 기존의 경험적 방법보다 향상된 방법이라고 사료된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2012

Objectives: With the goal of quantifying the risk of children contracting gastroenteritis while playing at interactive waterscape facilities and evaluating the adequacy of current water quality regulations, risk assessment was performed with Escherichia coli as pathogen. Methods: Abundances of E. coli in the waters of interactive water features in South Korea were acquired from survey reports. A gamma distribution describing the volume of water swallowed by children during swimming activities was adopted. Exposure rate and risk were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation and dose-response models for various pathogenic E. coli. Results: E. coli was detected in 25 out of 40 facilities, with range of ~1,600 CFU/100 ml. The abundance fitted an exponential distribution. Simulated exposures ranged ${\sim}1.9{\times}10^{10}$ CFU, varying greater along E. coli abundance than the volume of water. Risk of children being infected by enterohemorrhagic E. coli was high, with range of ~0.85. When E. coli abundance was <200 CFU/100 ml, which is the current government threshold, the risk decreased to <0.43. Although the guideline successfully reduced the risk of adults being infected by a less virulent E. coli strains (<0.03), the risk for children could not be quantified due to lack of dose-response models for those pathogens for children. Conclusions: Under the current guideline, children are at risk of being infected if water is contaminated with by enterohemorrhagic E. coli. For other E. coli strains, the risk appears to be considerably less. The result warrants need for developing dose-response models for children for each pathogenic E. coli strain.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2000년도 The 7th International Symposium
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• pp.116-122
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• 2000

The molecular modification of antiepileptic drugs and direct synthesis of new drugs with the predetermined antiepileptic properties are perspective. New neurochemical attacking to solve the problem including prevention and inhibition of seizures seems to be related to ginsenosides and ginseng polypeptides. The main study based on the severity of febrile convulsions of rat pups has been done from the earlier investigations of antiepileptical action of ginsenosides between KGTRI and MSU (Chepurnov, Park et al., 1995) with different kinds of experimental models of epilepsy. From the cultured cell line DAN25 of ginseng root, the extracts of ginsenosides made in "BIOKHIMMASH" were studied by the project of preclinical anticonvulsant screening (Stables, Kupferberg, 1997). The inhibition of severity of convulsions, decrease of seizures threshold, decrease of audiogenic seizures in rats of different strains and normalization of cerebral blood flow (measured by hydrogen test) were demonstrated in rats after i.c.v., intraperitoneally and orally administration, respectively. The antiepileptical effects by the combination of compounds from ginseng; were compared with the iuluence of Rg1, Rb1, Rc and with the well known antiepileptical drugs such as carbamazepine, valproic acid. The base for the research is obtained by using the WAG/Rij strain (Luijtelaar, Coenen, Kuznetcova), an excellent genetic model for human generalized absence epilepsy. The improving action of gensinosides was effectively demonstrated on the model of electrical kindling of amygdala of WAG/Rij rats with genetically determined absences, and the influences of ginsenosides on the slow wave discharges have also been being investigated. The different characteristics of a kindling process exerted in the sex-different region of the amygdala and demonstrated that the level of sex steroids and content of neurosteroids in amygdaloid tissue can modify the development of seizures. The chemical structures of ginsenosides not only have some principal differences from well-known antiepileptical drugs but the Plant Pharmacology gives us unique possibility to develop new class of antiepileptic drugs and to improve its biological activity.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.343-363
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• 2017

The objective of this work was finding out the most advisable testing conditions for an effective and robust characterization of the tensile strength (TS) of concrete disks. The independent variables were the loading geometry, the angle subtended by the contact area, disk diameter and thickness, maximum aggregate size, and the sample compression strength (CS). The effect of the independent variables was studied in a three groups of experiments using a factorial design with two levels and four factors. The likeliest location where failure beginning was calculated using the equations that account for the stress-strain field developed within the disk. The theoretical outcome shows that for failure beginning at the geometric center of the sample, it is necessary for the contact angle in the loading setup to be larger than or equal to a threshold value. Nevertheless, the measured indirect tensile strength must be adjusted to get a close estimate of the uniaxial TS of the material. The correction depends on the loading geometry, and we got their mathematical expression and cross-validated them with the reported in the literature. The experimental results show that a loading geometry with a curved contact area, uniform load distribution over the contact area, loads projected parallel to one another within the disk, and a contact angle bigger of $12^{\circ}$ is the most advisable and robust setup for implementation of BT on concrete disks. This work provides a description of the BT carries on concrete disks and put forward a characterization technique to study costly samples of cement based material that have been enabled to display new and improved properties with nanomaterials.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the imaging reformation of cone beam computed tomography for the assessment of bone defect healing in rat model. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley strain rats weighing about 350 gms were selected. Then critical size bone defects were done at parietal bone with implantation of collagen sponge. The rats were divided into seven groups of 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks. The healing of surgical defect was assessed by multi planar reconstruction (MPR) images and three-dimensional (3-D) images of cone beam computed tomography, compared with soft X-ray radiograph and histopathologic examination. Results: MPR images and 3-D images showed similar reformation of the healing amount at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks, however, lower reformation at 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks. According to imaging-based methodologies, MPR image revealed similar reformation of the healing amount than 3-D images compare with soft X-ray image. Among the four threshold values for 3-D images, 400-500 HU revealed similar reformation of the healing amount. Histopathologic examination confirmed the newly formed trabeculation correspond with imaging-based methologies. Conclusion: MPR images revealed higher accuracy of the imaging reformation of cone beam computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography is a clinically useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of bone defect healing.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권3호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2012

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Since methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent pathogen in VAP, rapid identification of it, is pivotal. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a useful method for etiologic diagnoses of MRSA pneumonia. Methods: We performed qPCR for mecA, S. aureus-specific femA-SA, and S. epidermidis-specific femA-SE genes from bronchoalveolar lavage or bronchial washing samples obtained from clinically-suspected VAP. Molecular identification of MRSA was based on the presence of the mecA and femA-SA gene, with the absence of the femA-SE gene. To compensate for the experimental and clinical conditions, we spiked an internal control in the course of DNA extraction. We estimated number of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) of MRSA samples through a standard curve of a serially-diluted reference MRSA strain. We compared the threshold cycle (Ct) value with the microbiologic results of MRSA. Results: We obtained the mecA gene standard curve, which showed the detection limit of the mecA gene to be 100 fg, which corresponds to a copy number of 30. We chose cut-off Ct values of 27.94 (equivalent to $1{\times}10^4$ CFU/mL) and 21.78 (equivalent to $1{\times}10^5$ CFU/mL). The sensitivity and specificity of our assay were 88.9% and 88.9% respectively, when compared with quantitative cultures. Conclusion: Our results were valuable for diagnosing and identifying pathogens involved in VAP. We believe our modified qPCR is an appropriate tool for the rapid diagnosis of clinical pathogens regarding patients in the intensive care unit.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.430-436
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• 2005

In this study, the prevalence and quantity of a latent pseudorabies virus (PrV) infection in the nervous tissues of randomly selected pigs was determined via nested and real-time PCR. The nervous tissues, including the trigeminal ganglion (TG), olfactory bulb (OB), and brain stem (BS), were collected from the heads of 40 randomly selected pigs. The majority of the nervous tissues from the selected pigs evidenced a positively amplified band on nested PCR. In particular, nested PCR targeted to the PrV glycoprotein B (gB) gene yielded positive results in all of the BS samples. Nested PCR for either the gE or gG gene produced positive bands in a less number of nervous tissues ($57.5\%$ and $42.5\%$, respectively). Real-time PCR revealed that the examined tissues harbored large copy numbers of latent PrV DNA, ranging between $10^{0.1}\;and\;10^{7.2}(1-1.58{\times}10^7)$ copies per $1{\mu}g$ of genomic DNA. Real-time PCR targeted to the PrV gE gene exhibited an accumulated fluorescence of reporter dye at levels above threshold, thereby indicating a higher prevalence than was observed on the nested PCR ($100\%$ for BS, $92\%$ for OB, and $85\%$ for TG). These results indicate that a large number of farm-grown pigs are latently infected with a field PrV strain with a variety of copy numbers. This result is similar to what was found in association with the human herpes virus.