• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 1991

This study was conducted to investigate the influences of virtual hitch point (VHP) positions of a three-point hitch on the steering stability of agricultural tractors. The VHP locations were determined analytically from the linkage geometry and implement posture during the normal tillage operations. The maximum force applicable to the VHP was also determined under the given soil and power constraints. From these possible ranges of the VHP locations, a safe region for steering control was determined theoretically by using maximum applicable forces for the given tractor and implement combinations. With VHP positions within the safe region, tractor can maintain the minimum soil reaction forces, assumed 20% of the total tractor weight in this study, at the front wheels which is required for the steering control under the maximum traction conditions. This paper mainly concerns with mathematical developments for the determination of VHP locations and maximum forces applicable to the VHP for steering control. Experimental validation of the theory developed here follows as the second part of this study.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.237-255
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• 2012

We review the research literature on relationship between environmental regulation and industrial development in three aspects of environmental regulation and investment, environmental regulation and efficiency, environmental regulation and trade. Indeed, the linkage between environmental regulation and material consumption of industrial system is absent. Environmental regulation is measured as the expenditure share for industrial pollutants abatement, and effluent charge intensity. Using panel-level data from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, we build correlation models between material consumption and environmental regulation, results show that: (1) there are significant quadratic function relationship between material consumption and environmental regulation. And there is the fact that inflection point exists. (2) On basis of inflection points, we make two remarkable reflections. Firstly, the inflection points are the most important scale to judge reasonability and performance of regulations. Secondly, a Pareto improvement may occur when the regulations achieve a certain target. (3) Both intensities of industrial pollutants abatement expenditure and effluent charge have not yet achieved the expected target in most regions of mainland China at present. And most of regions of material consumption decreasing are distributed in western China. Main reasons lie in the impacts of industrial features as well as the regulations.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.91-117
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• 2008

본 논문은 과학기술 지식흐름의 분석을 통해 기술혁신의 추세를 예측하기 위한 분석의 틀을 설정하고 이에 따라 과학논문과 특허 데이터를 이용하여 실증적인 분석을 수행한 연구이다. 과학기술의 지식흐름을 분석하기 위해서는 먼저 과학, 기술, 산업의 지식창출이 어떠한 특성을 가지고 있는지를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 이러한 특성을 기초로 과학과 기술, 기술과 산업의 연계관계를 파악하고 실제 분석을 위한 연계체계를 구성하는 일이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 과학기술 지식의 특성과 연계관계에 대한 기존의 연구들을 개관하였으며, 과학기술의 지식흐름을 포착하고 연계관계를 분석하기 위한 과학과 기술, 기술과 산업간의 분류체계를 설정하고, 연계방법을 검토하였다. 이에 기초하여 실제 과학-기술-산업 간의 기술혁신 연계관계를 분석하기 위한 모델을 구성하였다. 마지막으로 앞에서 검토된 이론과 방법론을 이용하여 미국특허청에 등록된 한국인 특허, 이 특허에 인용된 과학논문, 그리고 이들 특허를 인용한 다른 미국특허에 대한 정보를 추출하여 분석에 적용할 수 있는 형태로 가공한 후, 실제 분석을 수행하였으며, 이에 따른 다양한 측면의 분석결과를 얻었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2002

Rotary and plow implements are mainly utilized for the tillage operation in Korea, and a implement control system for agricultural tractors was designed and fabricated to improve the working accuracy and efficiency. The control system was composed of three units: 1) sensors fur detection of angle of liftarm, draft force, engine rpm, tillage depth and so on, 2) a controller, and 3) hydraulic circuits, which included solenoid valves and so on, for operation of three point linkage and implements. The control system can control the speed(high and low speed) of implements by adjusting input flow rates of the hydraulic cylinder which was controled by two speed valve, which was composed of a solenoid valve and a orifice. Indoor experiments were conducted to evaluate response characteristics of the designed implement control system under experimental conditions of various engine nm, two kinds of input flow rates of the cylinder and some input frequency. The results of experiments showed the response characteristics sufficient to use as the implement control system fur agricultural tractors.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Estuary reservoirs were artificial reservoir with seawalls built at the exit points of rivers. Although many water resources can be saved, it is difficult to manage due to the large influx of pollutants. To manage this, it is necessary to analyze watersheds and reservoirs through accurate modeling. Therefore, in this study, we linked the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF), Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC), and Water quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) models to simulate the hydrology and water quality of the watershed and the water level and quality of estuary lakes. As a result of applying the linked model in stream, R² 0.7 or more was satisfied for the watershed runoff except for one point. In addition, the water quality satisfies all within 15% of PBIAS. In reservoir, R² 0.72 was satisfied for water level and the water quality was within 15% of T-N and T-P. Through the modeling system, We applied upstream pollutant management scenarios to analyze changes in water quality in estuary reservoirs. Three pollution source management were applied as scenarios, the improvement of effluent water quality from the sewage treatment plant and the livestock waste treatment plant was effective in improving the quality of the reservoir water, while the artificial wetland had little effect. Water quality improvement was confirmed as a measure against upstream pollutants, but it was insufficient to achieve agricultural water quality, so additional reservoir management is required.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.75-98
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• 2005

With the advent of new customs and practice of electronic records, the eUCP provides some useful guidance to accommodate the presentation of the paper documents electronically and also provides necessary rules to allow the UCP and eUCP to work together. There is no denying the fact that many of the UCP articles are not impacted by the presentation of electronic equivalent of paper documents, so the integrated application of the UCP and eUCP will be broad enough to allow for developing practice in this area. This study discusses some theoretical implication for efficient utilization of the global usages of letter of credit through the finding of optimal solution in the state of uncertainty caused by the electronic presentation of documents. This study suggest that the decision rules be developed to show how individuals choose optimal portfolio between the eUCP and the UCP that maximize their expected utility in letter of credit transaction, and also suggest that the optimal portfolio be determined at the point of tangency between the efficient trading line and the highest indifference curve in the mean-variance plane. This study finally recommends three rebuttable doctrines with regard to the relationship between the eUCP and UCP such as linkage characteristics, generation lap propensity, and homothetic application rule, which may be the critical standards for understanding of the integrated usages of the eUCP and UCP.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.199-208
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• 1993

This study was attempted to develop the eletronic-hydraulic hitch system for controlling the attitude of tractor implements and to investigate control performance of the system through experiments. Main components of the system developed in this study were reference inputs panel, inclination angle detecter, electronic controller consisted of IBM-AT PC and interfaces, electro-hydraulic directional valves and other hydraulic components and three-point hitch linkage. Experiments were carried out to investigate the response of the system to the step and sine inputs. The effects of hydraulic flow rate and dead band on control performance were analized. Attitude of the implement was controlled within 2.4-5.1 degrees to the setting attitude when the hydraulic flow rate was in the range of $0.25-1.5{\ell}/min$. And implement was controlled without rapid amplitude attenuation and phase angle change in the frequency range of 0.02-0.2Hz when the hydraulic flow rate was in the range of $0.25-1.5{\ell}/min$. Control performance of the system can be expected to be improved if the inclination angle detecter show rapid and stable output as the implement moves.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2009년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2009

본 연구는 충청북도 지자체의 상징물과 관광이미지(테마)와의 부합성을 살펴보고 문제점을 도출함으로써, 향후 대책의 기초를 마련하고자 하였다. 연구결과 충청북도내의 각 지자체의 상징물과 관광테마는 일관된 이미지를 홍보하기 어려운 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 관광홍보라는 측면에서 많은 어려움을 야기할 수 있는 요소인 것으로 나타났다. 향후 대책은 첫째, 지역 홍보물과 연계되면서, 관광테마를 수용할 수 있는 연결고리식의 관광 상징물을 제작해야 하며, 둘째, 관광테마와 부합되는 슬로건으로 구성해야 하며, 셋째, 연계성을 가질 수 있는 관광홍보방안을 수립하여 시행해야 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제2호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2004

The significance and means of parks and green space planning have been changed dramatically in this century in Japan. The first priority must be given to define the means and purposes of planning., especially the role of ecological, social and economical management with the increasing trend of environmental concern, and the method to estimate values of park and green space from the point of view of regenerative society development. The role of planning parks and green space is reviewed in the following three aspects; as tools for land use control (master plan), as tools for finding appropriate lands for purchasing land (development plan) and tools for application of individual development technique of green space and landscapes(site plan and design). It is a serious issue that the existence of parks in urban setting which used to be considered as a top priority, is now being challenged in terms of economical, social and environmental benefits. In such processes, the most important issue is to define what makes parks and green spaces attractive and ecological to obtain social support to be developed.

• 복식
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• 제30권
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• pp.261-274
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• 1996

In the present age dominate by both cer-taingty of 1% and uncertainty of 99% 'Fuzzy thinking' of Bart Kosko that is the way to solve the problems by the scientific way through a worldview of Buddhism or Taoism greatly prevails around the world over 'Lateral greatly prevails around the world over 'Lateral thinking' and the authenticity or the right and-wrong of the uncertainty which is the thinking way to find the answer of the problems of illogical way of Edward de Beno against the western vertical thinking were Concurrently fashion designers over the world also adopt the oriental elements. But there exist differences of thoughts between the orient and the occident. And they have dif-ferent thinking way of aestheticism and references of the value on the beauty. Not only beauty but the view through the mind as intuitional thought in which not only the rec-ognition of sense but also the rationalism and the naturalness play key role. The aesthetic sense in the orient contains both the truth and virtue. 2) The beauty of the mean It's from the thought of neutralization of Confucius. The mean or moderation state which in harmony with ethical virtue and aes-thetic beauty is the ideal and is the ultimate. Therefore the thought of Confucian is the creativity in which the balance and the har-mony is most important. Fashion design is also one of the representation of the mean because the spirit of the designer is harmonized for-mlessly with the object of the model of the fashion design. 2) The beauty of skillfulness It indicates the Taoism of Lao-tzu and Chuangtzu. It takes a super-artistic declar-ation that human can feel and recognize the color of colorlessness the sound of sound-lessness and the taste of tastelessness. The thought of arts affected by Taoism is 'ad-vanced age' called the beauty of skillfulness. The view of arts of lao-tzu takes the beauty of cosmos and the nature as a standard. Es-pecially the beauty of inactivity is recognized by the linkage between the beauty and the ugliness. And these things appear in fashion design as a design element such as humor or exaggeration. 3) The beauty of non-dualism It is thought of Buddhism that all evil passions of worry occur form the opposition in dualism. Finally this thought leads to that everything is consistent and truth is only one from the point of view that virtue and vice has on linkage that is 'no virtues no vices' and 'one with two, two, with one, one is not two' A big tendency like this became the root forma-tion of the thought of the oriental arts. 3. Characteristics of the oriental aesthetic sense on the present fashion design 1) The formation of the fashion design on the oriental elements In the picture-incantation which was a representation of an era when the thought of 'cosmic dual forces' dominated the basic polygons of 'a circle square triangle' means both 'one two three' and 'the negative positive mean' of cosmic elements. From this point of view the was of planner cutting in the Orient is dif-ferent from that of the Occidental which is in three-dimensional. The planner polygon type of the cut-pieces comes to have the meaning of the three-dimension when they consist of a suit that has the combination of each cut-piece. This shows the consistency with the principle of cosmos creation of Taoism that one is two two is three and three is every-thing. 2) The coloring and the symbolic represen-tation of the fashion design on the orien-tal elements The sense on the colors in the Orient from the thought of 'the cosmic dual forces and the five elements' is not the experi-enced from the knowledge but contains the consideration of philosophy Five-primary-color representing compass directions Blue(East) Red(South) Yellow(Center) White (West) and Black (North) is called ' the posi-tive' for this five-primary-color secondary-color which comes from the compound of the primary colors is called 'the negative' The thought of 'the cosmic dual forces and the five elements' is also an theory containing the natural order of the cos-mos and this shows the perceptional differ-ence that they are not conceptual but to be recognized and fell directly. A thought of Buddhism which is 'Colors are colorlessness and Clolorlessness are color's proves that. 3) The pattern and symbolic representation of the fashion design on the oriental elements The pattern as a visual style is a figure of symbolic representation which adopt the mental and physical world of human and are the compo-sition of artistic revelation of the human nature and the religous thought of incantation. Es-pecially the symbolic representation of the oriental thought of Confusion. Buddhism and Taoism There are patterns such as plants aminals the oriental four gods and geometry. From the above it's the time toward the 21'th century when the world is constructing one global area and one historical zone. And the exotic mood of the Orient represented in the fashion which doesn't make the common feeling in general does not cease to develop only to express the visual modeling but also adopts the thought religion and the art which are the root of the Orientail and contains inherent willing of modeling.