• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1178-1189
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• 2018

In grid-connected voltage-source inverters (VSIs), when compared with a simple inductive L filter, the LCL filter has a better performance in attenuating the high frequency harmonics caused by the pulse-width modulation of power switches. However, the resonance peaks generated by the filter inductors and capacitors can make a system unstable. In terms of simplicity and filter design cost, a passive damping method is generally preferred. However, its high power loss and degradation in high frequency harmonic attenuation are significant demerits. In this paper, a mathematical design solution for a passive LCL filter to derive filter parameters suppressing the high frequency current harmonics to 0.3% is proposed. The minimum filter inductance can be obtained to reduce the size of the filter. Furthermore, a minimum damping resistance design considering a current controller is analyzed for a stable closed-loop system. The proposed design method is verified by experimental results using a 5-kW three-phase prototype inverter.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.861-869
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• 2020

A dynamo set for a high-power induction motor drive is expensive and needs a long time to manufacture. Therefore, the development of a simulator that functions as the induction motor and load equipment is required. A load simulator of an inverter for a high-power three-phase induction motor consists of a reactor and three-phase PWM inverter. Therefore, it cannot simulate the dynamic characteristics of an induction motor and functions only as a load. In this paper, a real-time simulator is proposed to simulate a model of an induction motor and the load characteristics based on an LCL filter and three-phase PWM rectifier for a three-phase induction motor. The currents of a PWM inverter that simulate the stator currents of the motor are controlled by the inductor currents and capacitor voltages of the LCL filter. The capacitor voltages of the LCL filter simulate the induced voltages in the stator windings by the rotating rotor fluxes of the motor, and the capacitor voltages are controlled by the inductor currents and a PWM rectifier. The rotor currents, the stator and rotor flux linkages, the electromagnetic torque, the slip frequency, and the rotor speed are derived from the inverter currents and the motor parameters. The electrical and mechanical model characteristics and the operation of vector control were verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.16-22
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• 2020

The characteristics of the LCL filter for grid-connected inverters have been discussed in academia and industry. An online simulation tool was applied to compare and analyze the difference between the LCL filter and L filter. LCL filters were modeled and simulated using a range of professional simulation simulators, and the LCL filters were found to have good filtering effects for high-frequency harmonics. First, this paper summarizes the transfer functions of the LCL filter and provides the Bode plot diagram. The accuracy and validity of the filter attenuation characteristics were confirmed by a fast Fourier transform based on off-line simulation tools, such as PSIM and MATLAB, depending on the given parameters of the LCL filter. Finally, the Typhoon HIL402 real-time simulation was performed for hardware in the loop simulation to verify the actual filtering characteristics of the LCL filter.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2013

In this paper, a new active damping method of LCL filter without capacitor voltage sensors is proposed for 3 phase PWM Inverter. Normally, L filter or LCL filter is used as an output filter of grid connected PWM inverter. An LCL filter has more excellent performance than L filter to reduce harmonic current, so the small inductance value can be used. However, the resonance problem in LCL filter is happen due to the zero impedance by the addition of LC branch. To solve the resonance problem, the various active damping method has been proposed so far. Generally, the virtual resistor active damping methods is required to additional hardware sensors for measurement of capacitor voltage and current. In this paper, the new active damping method is proposed without any capacitor voltage or current sensors. In the proposed method, the resonance component of the capacitor voltage of LCL filter can be observed by a simple MRAS(Model Reference Adaptive System) observer without additional hardware sensors, and this component is suppressed by feedforward compensation. The validity of the proposed method is proven by simulation and experiment on the 3-phase PWM inverter system.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.85-87
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• 2008

The demand of a three phase PWM inverter for the purpose of power control or grid-connecting is increasing. This inverter is connected to a grid through an L-filter or LCL-filter to reduce the harmonics caused by switching. An LCL-filter can reduce the harmonic of a low switching frequency and generate a satisfactory level of grid side current with a relatively low-inductance than an L-filter. But the additional poles caused by the LC part affects a stability problem due to induced resonance of the system. This paper presents a compensation method using a power theory to improve performance, the designed LCL-filter system and to reduce the stability problems caused by resonance. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulations.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2008

The demand of a three phase PWM inverter for the purpose of power control or grid-connecting is increasing. This inverter is connected to a grid through an L-filter or LCL-filter to reduce the harmonics caused by switching. An LCL-filter can reduce the harmonic of a low switching frequency and generate a satisfactory level of grid side current with a relatively low-inductance than an L-filter. But the additional poles caused by the LC part affects a stability problem due to induced resonance of the system. This paper presents a compensation method using a power theory to improve performance, the designed LCL-filter system and to reduce the stability problems caused by resonance. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulations and experiments.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 2013

This paper proposes and designs a new output filter called an LCFL filter for application to three phase three wire shunt active power filters (SAPF). This LCFL filter is derived from a traditional LCL filter by replacing its capacitor with a C-type filter, and then constructing an L-C-type Filter-L (LCFL) topology. The LCFL filter can provide better switching ripple attenuation capability than traditional passive damped LCL filters. The LC branch series resonant frequency of the LCFL filter is set at the switching frequency, which can bypass most of the switching harmonic current generated by a SAPF converter. As a result, the power losses in the damping resistor of the LCFL filter can be reduced when compared to traditional passive damped LCL filters. The principle and parameter design of the LCFL filter are presented in this paper, as well as a comparison to traditional passive damped LCL filters. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical analyses and effectiveness of the LCFL filter.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1567-1576
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• 2018

The reliability of grid-connected inverters can be improved by algorithms capable of diagnosing faults in LCL filters. A fault diagnostic method during inverter startup is proposed. The proposed method can accurately generate and monitor information on the peak value and the location of the peak frequency component of the step response of a damped LCL filter. To identify faults, the proposed method compares the evaluated response with the response of a healthy higher-order damped LCL filter. The frequency components in the filter voltage response are first analytically obtained in closed form, which yields the expected trends for the filter faults. In the converter controller, the frequency components in the filter voltage response are computed using an appropriately designed fast Fourier transform and compared with healthy LCL response parameters using a finite state machine, which is used to sequence the proposed startup diagnostics. The performance of the proposed method is validated by comparing analytical results with the simulation and experimental results for a three-phase grid-connected inverter with a damped LCL filter.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.392-401
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• 2014

A fast-transient repetitive control strategy for a three-phase shunt active power filter is presented in this study to improve dynamic performance without sacrificing steady-state accuracy. The proposed approach requires one-sixth of the fundamental period required by conventional repetitive control methods as the repetitive control time delay in the synchronous reference frames. Therefore, the proposed method allows the system to achieve a fast dynamic response, and the program occupies minimal storage space. A proportional-integral regulator is also added to the current control loop to eliminate arbitrary-order harmonics and ensure system stability under severe harmonic distortion conditions. The design process of the corrector in the fast-transient repetitive controller is also presented in detail. The LCL filter resonance problem is avoided by the appropriately designed corrector, which increases the margin of system stability and maintains the original compensation current tracking accuracy. Finally, experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1945-1954
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• 2017

In recent years, several LCL filter design methods for different converter topologies have been published, many of which use analytical expressions to calculate the ideal converter AC voltage harmonic spectrum. This paper presents the LCL filter design methodology but the focus is on presentation and validation of the non-iterative filter design method for a grid-connected three-phase two-level PWM-VSC. The developed method can be adapted for different converter topologies and PWM algorithms. Furthermore, as a starting point for the design procedure, only the range of PWM carrier frequencies is required instead of an exact value. System nonlinearities, usually omitted from analysis have a significant influence on VSC AC voltage harmonic spectrum. In order to achieve better accuracy of the proposed procedure, the system nonlinear model is incorporated into the method. Optimal filter parameters are determined using the novel cost function based on higher frequency losses of the filter. An example of LCL filter design for a 40 kVA grid-connected PWM-VSC has been presented. Obtained results have been used to construct the corresponding laboratory setup and measurements have been performed to verify the proposed method.