• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 퍼지 RBFNNs과 증분형 주성분 분석법으로 실현된 숫자인식 시스템의 설계를 소개한다. 주성분 분석법은 차원축소를 위해 사용되는 알고리즘으로 학습데이터의 차원 수가 고차원이거나 데이터의 양이 많을 때 특징 추출을 위한 많은 계산 시간을 필요로 한다. 따라서 고차원 데이터의 효율적인 차원축소와 점진적인 학습을 위해 증분형 주성분분석법을 적용하는 방법을 제안한다. 방사형 기저함수 신경회로망의 구조는 조건부, 결론부, 추론부의 3가지 기능적 모듈로서 구분이 가능하다. 조건부에서는 FCM 클러스터링 알고리즘의 도움으로 실현된 퍼지 클러스터링의 사용으로 입력 공간을 분할한다. 또한 가우시안 함수 대신 FCM(Fuzzy C-Means)클러스터링 알고리즘의 멤버쉽 값을 사용함으로써 입력 데이터의 특성을 좀 더 잘 반영할 수 있도록 개선하였으며, 결론부에서 연결가중치는 상수항에서 일차식과 이차식, 그리고 변형된 이차식과 같은 다항식의 형태로 확장하여 사용한다. 실험 결과는 공인 숫자 데이터인 MNIST 필기체 숫자 데이터를 사용하여 제안된 숫자 인식 시스템의 효율성을 다른 연구와의 비교를 통해 입증한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.955-968
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• 2010

Three-dimensional body data has been used in many industry fields including the apparel industry. This research used data from a study of the changes in lower body girth measurements from a 3D scan study of 25 female subjects aged 18 to 24 in four postures; a standing posture, a $120^{\circ}$ knee bend posture, a one pace stepping posture, and a sitting posture with a $90^{\circ}$ knee bend. We used the information on the difference between standing and seated measurements to adjust ease values for pants patterns an evaluation of the appearance, and the comfort of the pants. Waist girth in the sitting posture increased 8% compared to a standing posture and the hip girth measurement increased 7%. A basic pants pattern (pants A) with 2.4cm ease at the waist and 2.6cm ease at the hip was developed and a pants pattern (pants B) was developed using the rates of lower body girth change with a 5.7cm ease (8% change) at the waist and 7cm ease (7% change) at the hip. The appearance assessment items of pants A in a standing posture were higher than pants B. On the other hand, most appearance assessment items of pants B in a sitting posture were higher than pants A, especially the ease of pants back waistline and the appearance of the whole back. Comfort assessment items of pants B in both standing and sitting postures were higher than the comfort assessment items for pants A, especially the location of pants waistline, the ease of pants at the waistline, and the ease at the abdomen. In order to find the best level of ease for better appearance and comfort in both standing and sitting postures, 20 pants were constructed with ease values at the waist and hip in increments of 1.1cm in the range between the ease values of pants A and pants B. A fit test was conducted to compare the average appearance and comfort ratings that identified the pants with the best ease values at the waist and hip. The highest total mean was achieved in the pants with a waist ease of 4.6cm and hip ease of 4.8cm.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2020

다중 모드 도파로에서 두 모드 간섭(TMI)에 기반한 소형 빔 합파기가 제안되었으며, 그 가능성을 삼차원 BPM (beam propagation method) 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다. 다중 모드 도파로와 접할 때, 입력 도파로들은 약 1 ㎛ 정도 분리되어 있기 때문에 제작 공정 후의 도파 구조 패턴의 재현성이 우수하다. 적색, 녹색 및 청색 입력 포트에서 출력 포트로의 파워 전달은 각각 93.5%, 94% 및 93%로 계산되었다. 각 색상의 파장 편차가 10 nm인 경우, 투과율은 90%보다 크게 유지되었고, 도파로 폭의 편차가 40 nm 정도일 때, 85% 이상의 파워 전달을 유지함을 알 수 있다. 또한, 제안된 합파기는 편광의존성이 거의 없으며, 0.02 × 4 ㎟ 정도의 크기로 작게 구현될 수 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 사용자 경험을 증가시키는 액션 게임을 설계하는 것을 목표로 한다. 게임의 몰입감을 높이기 위해, 사용자가 이용하는 게임의 특징을 분석, 각 특징을 참고하여 게임의 시스템적, 시각적 특징을 설계한 것이 특징이다. 제안 방법은 유니티 3D를 이용하여 게임 개체 간 상호작용 시스템을 구현하였고, 사용자가 게임에 몰입할 수 있는 방향으로 설계하였다. 게임의 시각적 요소를 통한 몰입을 유도하기 위해 2차원 오브젝트 및 플레이어를 3차원 공간에 배치하였고, 공간 내 개체와 사물이 광원에 실시간으로 반응할 수 있도록 2차원 동적 광원 셰이더를 추가하여 몬스터와 플레이어간 전투 규칙과 몬스터의 행동 패턴 충돌 감지, 이벤트 감지로 구성하였다. 제안 방법은 구현 논문으로 사용자 경험을 반영하였고, 사용자의 행동 유도성을 이끌 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1995

Coping patterns were investigated in a sample of 126 patients with chronic low back pain by means of self-reported questionnaire. Based on the previous researches, coping pat terns were divided into the active cognitive coping, the active behavioral coping, the passive cognitive coping, and the passive behavioral coping. While all the above coping patterns were used, the passive behavioral coping was found to be used most frequently. Six subgroups were identified by cluster analytic procedure using their scores of the coping scale : active cognitive coper, general active coper, passive behavioral coper, general passive coper, multidimensional coper, and multi dimensional non-coper. Six subgroups were compared regarding locus of control, self-efficacy, pain and demographic variables. Distinct differences appeared among subgroups in internal locus of control, self-efficacy, and pain. General active coper and active cognitive coper had higher internal locus of control, higher self-efficacy, and lower pain. General passive coper and multidimensional non-coper had lower internal locus of control, lower self-efficacy, and higher pain. Passive behavioral coper had higher internal locus of control, lower self-efficacy, and higher pain. It supports the concept of learned helplessness due to prior experiences. Multi dimensional coper had higher internal, higher powerful others, and higher self-efficacy. So it corresponds to 'believer in control' group Identified by Wallston et at(1982). Unexpectedly this group also complained more pain. It could be interpreted in two ways. The more coping methods they use, the more they complain pain ; which is the result of Folkman et al (1986). Or they might be typical 'yea sayers'. These unique groups-passive behavioral coper and multidimensional coper-identified by this study supports the suggestion of Wallston et al(1982), about locus of control : individual's pattern of responses across the three scales may be more predictive than his or her scores on each of the scale seperately. The fact that passive coping was used more than active coping also suggests that self controlled active co ping is encouraged to chronic patients as well as acute patients. And it is necessary to articulate the coping scale and self-efficacy scale. It is also necessary to study the relationship of coping and adjustment by experimental design.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2010

Frank Lloyd Wright(1867-1959) was regarded as the pioneer of the modern architecture in the beginning and transition period of 20th century. His works have the pure shape form which have the deep relationship with the organic architecture. Wright told himself that the Froebel System had an influence on his works a lot. This study have researched about the three dimensional application of the Froebel System in his works with assembling and disassembling. Also the two dimensional application in the diagonal and circular plans are the one of the subjects here. The following conclusions are reached. First, The similar of the Wright's works and the Froebel System was the application of the similar principles rather than the copy of the method, which are the accent of the center, the composition of the part and whole, the understanding of the composition principle through the unit system and the unfolding of the crystal by rotation. Even thought the Wright's works have the triangle, square, hexagonal shape, the way of the expansion from the centered space was same. Also the space formed by the division of the center space, unfolds making the part and whole by overlap and continuation. The 2nd Froebel make space decided by the Net and Crystal Lattices which have the crystal characteristics by the rotation. The new geometric architecture, pinwheel, was created by this method. The application of the Froebel in the Wright's works have the several sets which are the 3th, 4th, 5th, 6th Froebels, 2nd, 7th Froebels and the 3th, 5th, 9th Froebels. The geometrical analysis of the square shape and the diagonal shape of the Wright's works was possible. The unfolding of the centered space can be found in the Guggenheim Museum using the analysis of the circular geometric of the 9th Froebel. The above study proves that the Froebel was not a mere tool for the basic shape training but also the main body of Wright's works which consists of the organic idea and philosophy of the space.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.838-846
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• 2014

터치기반 스마트 기기의 발달에 따라, 사용자가 펜/손가락을 이용하여 그린 스케치를 기반으로 다양한 멀티미디어 검색 기술은 컴퓨터 비전, 컴퓨터 그래픽스, 패턴인식, HCI 분야에서 많은 각광을 받고 있다. 하지만, 기존의 텍스트 정보를 기반으로 한 검색 시스템은 사용자가 원하는 멀티미디어 데이터를 정확히 검색하는데 한계가 있다. 따라서, 멀티미디어 자체가 가지고 있는 정보를 이용하여 검색할 수 있는 내용 기반 멀티미디어 검색에 관한 연구가 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 Hybrid Edge Descriptor(HED)를 사용한 웹 환경에서의 사용자가 스케치로부터 3차원 모델을 검색할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 3차원 모델로부터 다양한 방향으로 투영된 suggestive contour 영상 및 사용자가 그린 스케치 영상으로부터 전역/지역 히스토그램 분석을 이용한 HED 검색자를 통해 회전 및 이동에 강인한 3차원 모델 검색 시스템을 제안한다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2004

계측주라인은 부체를 일정 위치에 유지시키기 위한 구조요소로 이용된다 본 연구에서는 부소파제의 계류라인으로 사용되는 체인에 대한 동적거동 특성을 파악하기 위해서 체인에 대한 구조해석을 수행하였다. 먼저 체인에 대한 3차원 동적방정식을 유도하는데, 장력이 0부근인 영역에서 복원력을 표현하기 위하여 굽힘강성 성분을 포함시켰다. 수치적인 방법 통하여 3차원 동적 방정식을 해석하였다. 유한차분법을 적용하였는데, 조건에 상관없이 안정적인 음해법과 함께 비선형 해법인 뉴톤-랍슨 반복법을 사용하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 가진 주기에 따른 계류라인의 위치에 따른 장력응답 경향을 파악할 수 있었으며, 본 연구의 해석결과는 참고문헌의 실험결과와 그 경향이 잘 일치하였다. 본 연구결과는 향후 부소파제를 위한 계류라인 설계에 잘 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.661-667
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• 2002

Welding-induced buckling distortion is one of the most problematic concerns in both design and fabrication of welded thin-plate structures. This paper deals with experimental and numerical results of the welding-induced longitudinal and/or buckling distortion occurring in welding of 6mm-thick AH36 high strength steel plates. Effects of the heat input and the plate size on the distortion were experimentally evaluated for square plates. Bead-on-plate welding was performed with the submerged arc welding process along the middle line of plate specimens. Experimental results showed that the longitudinal distortion made a single curvature in the plate, and the distortion magnitude along the weld centerline was proportional to the heat input and the plate size. The experimental results were used to examine the validity of the numerical simulation procedure for welding-induced distortion where the longitudinal distortion mode and magnitude were numerically quantified. Three-dimensional, large deformation, welding simulations were performed for selected weld models. Numerical results of the distortion mode and magnitude were in a good agreement with experimental ones. Depending on the presence of halting the distortion growth during the cooling cycle of welding, the condition discriminating buckling distortion from longitudinal distortion was established. Eigenvalue analyses were performed to check the buckling instability of tested plates with different sizes subjected to different heat inputs. The perturbation load pattern for the analysis was extracted from longitudinal inherent strain distributions. Critical buckling curve from the eigenvalue analyses revealed that the buckling instability is manifested when plate size or heat input increases.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2018

PURPOSE. To analyze stress distribution in premolars restored with inlays or onlays using various materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three-dimensional maxillary premolar models of abutments were designed to include the following: 1) inlay with O cavity (O group), 2) inlay with MO cavity (MO group), 3) inlay with MOD cavity (MOD group), and 4) onlay (ONLAY group). A restoration of each inlay or onlay cavity was simulated using gold alloy, e.max ceramic, or composite resin for restoration. To simulate masticatory forces, a total of 140 N static axial force was applied onto the tooth at the occlusal contact areas. A finite element analysis was performed to predict the magnitude and pattern of stresses generated by occlusal loading. RESULTS. Maximum von Mises stress values generated in the abutment teeth of the ONLAY group were ranged from 26.1 to 26.8 MPa, which were significantly lower than those of inlay groups (O group: 260.3-260.7 MPa; MO group: 252.1-262.4 MPa; MOD group: 281.4-298.8 MPa). Maximum von Mises stresses generated with ceramic, gold, and composite restorations were 280.1, 269.9, and 286.6 MPa, respectively, in the MOD group. They were 252.2, 248.0, 255.1 MPa, respectively, in the ONLAY group. CONCLUSION. The onlay design (ONLAY group) protected tooth structures more effectively than inlay designs (O, MO, and MOD groups). However, stress magnitudes in restorations with various dental materials exhibited no significant difference among groups (O, MO, MOD, ONLAY).