• Wind and Structures
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.505-521
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to investigate numerically the effect of building roof shaps on wind flow and pollutant dispersion in a street canyon with one row of trees of pore volume, $P_{vol}=96%$. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to evaluate air flow and pollutant dispersion within an urban street canyon using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Models (EARSM) based on k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model to close the equation system. The numerical model is performed with ANSYS-CFX code. Vehicle emissions were simulated as double line sources along the street. The numerical model was validated by the wind tunnel experiment results. Having established this, the wind flow and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons (with six roof shapes buildings) are simulated. The numerical simulation results agree reasonably with the wind tunnel data. The results obtained in this work, indicate that the flow in 3D domain is more complicated; this complexity is increased with the presence of trees and variability of the roof shapes. The results also indicated that the largest pollutant concentration level for two walls (leeward and windward wall) is observed with the upwind wedge-shaped roof. But the smallest pollutant concentration level is observed with the dome roof-shaped.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2016

This paper presents the effect of a grid system on the performance of a small Savonius wind turbine installed side-by-side. Turbine performance is compared using three different grid systems; tetrahedral grid having a concentrated circular grid around turbine rotors, the tetrahedral grid having a concentrated rectangular grid around turbine rotors and the symmetric grid having a concentrated tetrahedral grid near the turbine rotor blades and a hexahedral grid. The commercial code, SC/Tetra has been used to solve the three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis in the present study. The Savonius turbine rotor has a rotational diameter of 0.226m and an aspect ratio of 1.0. The distance between neighboring rotor tips keeps the same length of the rotor diameter. The variations of pressure and power coefficient are compared with respect to blade rotational angles and rotating frequencies of the turbine blade. Throughout the comparisons of three grid systems, it is noted that the symmetric grid having a concentrated tetrahedral grid near the turbine rotor blades and a hexahedral grid has a stable performance compared to the other ones.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

2차원 비정상의 RANS 방정식을 이용하여 피치가 고정된 3개 혹은 4개의 날개(hydrofoil)를 가지는 조류발전용 수직축 터빈주위의 비정상 유동장 해석을 수행하였다. 상용수치해석코드인 Fluent를 이용하여, 균일류에 놓인 $NACA65_3$-018날개에 대하여 받음각(angle of attack)의 변화를 주며 계산되는 유체력을 실험값과 비교하였고, 이를 바탕으로 대표적인 수직축 조류발전 터빈의 특성을 2차원적으로 고찰하였다. 사용된 수치해법은 대상 유동을 효과적으로 모사할 수 있음을 확인 하였고, 터빈의 최적 효율은 날개수 및 유속 대비 회전수 등의 적절한 조합으로 실현 될 수 있음을 파악하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2020

In the Francis turbine, the leakage flow through the runner gaps which are between the runner and the stator structure influences the internal flow and hydraulic performance. Thus, the investigation for the flow characteristics induced by the runner gaps is important. However, the runner gaps are often disregarded by considering the time and cost of the numerical analysis. Therefore, in this study, the flow characteristics according to runner gaps of the Francis turbine model were investigated including the leakage flow of the runner cone. The three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analyses were conducted using a scale-adaptive simulation shear stress transport as a turbulence model for observing the influence of the leakage flow on the internal flow and hydraulic performance. The efficiencies were decreased slightly with runner gaps; and the complicated flows were captured in the gaps.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.387-394
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• 2020

A parametric study of a 2.5 kW class propeller type micro hydraulic turbine was performed. In order to analyze the internal flow characteristics in the hydraulic turbine, three dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with shear stress transport turbulence model were used and the hexahedral grid system was used to construct computational domain. To secure the reliability of the numerical analysis, the grid dependency test was performed using the grid convergence index method based on the Richardson extrapolation, and the grid dependency was removed when about 1.7 million nodes were used. For the parametric study, the axial distance at shroud span (L) between the inlet guide vane and the runner, and the inlet and outlet blade angles (β₁, β₂) of the runner were selected as the geometric parameters. The inlet and outlet angles of the runner were defined in the 3 spans from the hub to tip, and a total of 7 geometric parameters were investigated. It was confirmed that the outlet angles of the runner had the most sensitive effect on the power and efficiency of the micro hydraulic turbine.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 화북다목적댐을 대상으로 2차원, 3차원 수치모형실험이 수리모형실험과 더불어 설계자에게 유용한 해석도구로 사용될 수 있음을 보였다. 2차원, 3차원 수치모형으로 천수방정식을 지배방정식으로 하는 RMA2와 RANS를 지배방정식으로 하는 FLOW-3D 모형을 이용하였다. 수몰지역과 접근수로에서의 유황, 월류웨어의 방류능력, 월류부, 도류부, 감세지에서의 수면형상, 월류부에서의 압력분포에 대한 수치모의 결과를 수리모형실험 결과와 비교하였다. 비교 결과, 대부분의 경우에 수치모의 결과는 수리모형실험 결과를 잘 재현하는 것으로 나타났다 그러나, 감세지에서의 도수현상에 대한 수치모의 결과는 공기연행효과로 인해 수리모형실험 결과와 다소 차이가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.370-381
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• 2016

As a single-channel pump is used for wastewater treatment, this particular pump type can prevent performance reduction or damage caused by foreign substances. However, the design methods for single-channel pumps are different and more difficult than those for general pumps. In this study, a design optimization method to improve the hydrodynamic performance of a single-channel pump impeller is implemented. Numerical analysis was carried out by solving three-dimensional steady-state incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using the shear stress transport turbulence model. As a state-of-the-art impeller design method, two design variables related to controlling the internal cross-sectional flow area of a single-channel pump impeller were selected for optimization. Efficiency was used as the objective function and was numerically assessed at twelve design points selected by Latin hypercube sampling in the design space. An optimization process based on a radial basis neural network model was conducted systematically, and the performance of the optimum model was finally evaluated through an experimental test. Consequently, the optimum model showed improved performance compared with the base model, and the unstable flow components previously observed in the base model were suppressed remarkably well.