• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

Purpose: To examine the correlation between the gait speed and muscle activation or foot pressure in stroke patients. Methods: Twenty five functionally ambulant stroke patients (male/female: 15/10, mean age: $57.65\pm2.30$) were enrolled in this study. The patients were asked to walk on a plate at a self-selected and comfortable speed. Three walking trials were obtained and then averaged for data analysis. The gait speed and foot pressure were measured from a RS-Scan system. Activation of the quadriceps femoris muscle and biceps hamstring muscle (%RVC) were recorded using ProComp $Infiniti^{TM}$. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between Hamstring muscle activation (%RVC) and gait speed. The gait speed correlated with the foot pressure of the lateral metatarsal zone (M3-5) in the affected side. There was a correlation between the gait speed and the foot pressure of the lateral metatarsal (M3-5) and heel (medial, lateral) zone in the less-affected side. Conclusion: The gait speed is related to hamstring muscle activation and the characteristics of foot pressure. This information was observed in both the affected and less-affected sides, suggesting that rehabilitation programs should be implemented on both sides.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 2016

Objective : Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is often complicated by difficult revascularization and non-involved territory embolization possibly related with larger clot-burden. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of proximal aspiration thrombectomy (PAT) using a balloon-tipped guide catheter for clot-burden reduction in such cases with period-to-period analysis (period 1 : standard MT without PAT; period 2 : PAT first, then standard MT for the remaining occlusion). Methods : Eighty-six patients who underwent MT for acute intracranial ICA occlusion were included in this analysis from the prospectively maintained stroke registry (33 patients in period 1 and 53 in period 2). In period 2, 'responder' was defined as a case where some amount of clot was retrieved by PAT and the following angiography showed partial or full recanalization. Results : Fifteen of fifty-three patients in period 2 (28.3%) were 'responders' to PAT. There was a significantly higher incidence of atrial fibrillation in the 'responder' subgroup. Period 2 showed a significantly shorter puncture-to-reperfusion time (94.5 minutes vs. 56.0 minutes; p=0.002), a significantly higher Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction of 2b-3 reperfusion (45.5% vs. 73.6%; p=0.009), but only a trend for better 3-month favorable outcome (mRS 0-2; 36.4% vs. 54.7%; p=0.097). There was no increase in the incidence of procedure-related complications or intracranial hemorrhage in period 2. Conclusion : A strategy of PAT before standard MT may result in shorter puncture-to-reperfusion time and better angiographic outcome than a strategy of standard MT for acute intracranial ICA occlusion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2018

Numerous studies suggest that the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on oxidative stress in vivo are correlated with their antioxidative activities in vitro; however, the relationship is still unclear and contradictory. The antioxidative activities of 27 Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from fermented foods were determined in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical scavenging abilities, reducing activity, resistance to hydrogen peroxide, and ferrous chelating ability in vitro. Two fuzzy synthetic evaluation models, one with an analytic hierarchy process and one using entropy weight, were then used to evaluate the overall antioxidative abilities of these L. plantarum strains. Although there was some difference between the two models, the highest scoring strain (CCFM10), the middle scoring strain (CCFM242), and the lowest scoring strain (RS15-3) were obtained with both models. Examination of the antioxidative abilities of these three strains in $\text\tiny{D}$-galactose-induced oxidative stress mice demonstrated that their overall antioxidative abilities in vitro could reveal the abilities to alleviate oxidative stress in vivo. The current study suggests that assessment of overall antioxidative abilities with fuzzy synthetic models can guide the evaluation of probiotic antioxidants. It might be a more quick and effective method to evaluate the overall antioxidative abilities of LAB.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.443-461
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• 2009

In order to overcome the lack of Korean credit rating migration data, we consider an empirical Bayes procedure to estimate credit rating migration matrices. We derive the posterior probabilities of Korean credit rating transitions by utilizing the Moody's rating migration data and the credit rating assignments from Korean rating agency as prior information and likelihood, respectively. Metrics based upon the average transition probability are developed to characterize the migration matrices and compare our Bayesian migration matrices with some given matrices. Time series data for the metrics show that our Bayesian matrices are stable, while the matrices based on Korean data have large variation in time. The bootstrap tests demonstrate that the results from the three estimation methods are significantly different and the Bayesian matrices are more affected by Korean data than the Moody's data. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations for computing the values of a portfolio and its credit VaRs are performed to compare these migration matrices.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-41
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• 2018

Purpose: Familial renal glucosuria (FRG, OMIM #233100) is a rare but relatively benign genetic condition characterized by persistent isolated glucosuria with a normal blood glucose level. We report three additional SLC5A2 mutations and examine their phenotypic and genetic characteristics in a Korean FRG cohort. We also reviewed the literature and summarized the genotypes of all Korean patients with FRG. Methods: A genetic analysis was conducted by directly sequencing all 14 exons of the SLC5A2 gene and their flanking regions in six unrelated Korean children with FRG and their family members. Novel non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified and compared with known mutations that are repeatedly detected in the Korean population. Results: We found two novel mutations [c.274G>A (G92S) and c.1168C>T (L390F)] and one known [c.1382G>A (S461N)] mutation in each family and one recurrent mutation [c.1346G>A (G449D) (rs768392222)] in two pedigrees. The recurrent G449D was predicted to be "possibly damaging," with a score of 0.883 in Polyphen-2, while G92S, L390F, and S461N were predicted to be "probably damaging," with scores of 1.000, 0.999, and 0.996, respectively. Conclusions: Two novel, one previously reported, and one recurrent mutation were identified in six Korean FRG pedigrees as causative mutations of renal glucosuria. Sequence variations in the SLC5A2 gene were frequently detected in children with persistent isolated glucosuria. A long-term follow-up of this FRG cohort is needed to understand how these specific SGLT2 mutations impair kidney function and energy homeostasis.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

This study was carried out to design, construct, and test a greenhouse monitoring system fur the environment and status of control devices in a greenhouse from a remote site using internet. The measuring items selected out of many environmental factors were temperature, humidity, solar radiation, CO$_2$, SOx, NOx concentration, EC, pH of nutrient solution, the state of control devices, and the image of greenhouse. The developed greenhouse monitoring system was composed of the network system and the measuring module. The network system consists of the three kinds of monitors named the Croup Monitor. the Client Monitor and the Server Monitor. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. The measuring module named the House Monitor. which is used to watch the state of the control device and the environment of the greenhouse, was developed to a embedded monitoring module using one chip microprocessor 2. For all measuring items. the House Monitor showed a satisfactory accuracy within the range of ${\pm}$0.3%FS. The House Monitors were connected to the Croup Monitor by communication method of RS-485 type and could operate under power and communication fault condition within 10 hours. The Croup Monitor was developed to receive and display measurement data received from the House Monitors and to control the greenhouse environmental devices. 3. The images of the plants inside greenhouse were captured by PC camera and sent to the Group Monitor. The greenhouse manager was able to monitor the growth state of plants inside greenhouse without visiting individual greenhouses. 4. Remote monitoring the greenhouse environment and status of control devices was implemented in a client/server environment. The client monitor of the greenhouse manager at a remote site or other greenhouse manager was able to monitor the greenhouse environment and the state of control devices from the Server Monitor using internet.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 2014

Emission reduction of $CH_4$ (methane gas) from rice paddy soil is a very important measure for climate change mitigation in agricultural sector. In this study, we investigated the changes in crop yield and $CH_4$ emissions in response to application of biochar and fertilizers. The experimental site is located in Hwasung, Kyunggido and experimental design is the split-plot method with three replicates. Treatments included rice straw (RS) and biochar (BC) amendments nested with the conventional NPK fertilizer (NPK) and slow release fertilizer (SRF). Control was also prepared with the soil with the conventional NPK fertilization with no amendment. Measurement of $CH_4$ emission was conducted during the growing season of 2014 using a dynamic chamber method. The results showed that application of rice straw increased daily $CH_4$ emission rate by 15%, while application of biochar reduced daily $CH_4$ emission rate by 38%. When we combined biochar application with slow release fertilizer, $CH_4$ emission was reduced by 45%. Further, the crop yield was also increased in all treatments compared with the control except for the treatment of rice straw application with slow release fertilizer. Overall results imply that biochar amendment to agricultural soil can be an effective strategy to decrease annual $CH_4$ emission with no reduction in crop yield.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.27-45
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• 2018

Both the national land plan and the environmental plan reflect the need for sustainable land use and management. However, the linkage between the plans is reduced due to the lack of integrated management. Therefore, this study developed indicators to achieve integrated management. A total of 59 environmental plans were reviewed for the development of indicators, and a total of 74 integrated management indicators were derived through a three-stage process. In this process, the relevance of the integrated management indicators of this study to the UN 's sustainable development goals (SDGs) is presented in order to derive indicators that meet the level of international consultation. In order to facilitate the utilization of the indicators, the final indicators are divided into seven areas: natural ecology, water resource and quality, urban and green space, atmospheric, energy, landscape, resource circulation and waste. Furthermore, the indicators were classified into national, regional, and city level. Accordingly, the final indicator can be adapted to the field of influence of the planned to be established, and the indicator can be selected and applied to the level of the plan. The final indicators can be used to examine the extent to which the national plan reflects the contents of the environmental plan and can be used as an aid to confirm the contents to be included in the plan when establishing a new national plan.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.441-448
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• 2004

DNase activity in Haemonchus contortus reproductive tissue was characterized and compared to that in whole worm. DNase activity in reproductive tissue was detected throughout pHs 4-10 with high activity under acidic conditions. The activity was not inhibited by 10 mM EDTA at pH 5.0, but largely inhibited by pH 7.0. The activity produced DNA fragments with mixtures of 3'-hydroxyls (OH) and 3'- phosphates (P) at each pH. Three distinct DNase activities were identified and had $M_rs$ of 34, 36 and 38.5 kDa in zymograms, which were distinguished according to pH requirement and sensitivity to EDTA. Among them, the 36 kDa reproductive tissue DNase had predominant activity at pH 5.0, but very weak at pH 7.0, and this activity was not inhibited by EDTA at pH 5.0. These characteristics of the 36 kDa reproductive tissue DNase resemble those of classic acidic DNases. In contrast, 36 kDa whole worm DNase activity had high activity at both pH 5.0 and 7.0. While the 36 kDa DNase activity at pH 5.0 was similar in both reproductive tissue and whole worm samples, the activity at pH 7.0 was predominantly detected in whole worm sample. This suggests that the 36 kDa whole worm DNase at pH 5.0 differs from that at pH 7.0. Thus, results indicate that the EDTA-insensitive 36 kDa DNase at pH 5.0 is specific for H. contortus reproductive tissue.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1759-1764
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• 2002

Two crystal structures of dehydrated $Ag^+-andTl^+$-exchanged zeolite X$Ag_{27}Tl_{65-}X\;and\;Ag_{23}Tl_{69-}X$have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21(1) $^{\circ}C(a=24.758(4)\AAa=24.947(4)$, ${\AA}respectively).$, Their structures were refined to the final error indices $R_1$=0.055 and $wR_2$=0.057 with 375 reflections, and $R_1$=0.057 and $wR_2$=0.057 with 235 reflections, respectively, for which I > $3\sigma(I).$ In the structure of $Ag_{27}Tl_{65-}X,\;27\;Ag^+$ ions were found at two crystallographic sites: 15$Ag^+$ ions at site I at the center of the hexagonal prism and the remaining 12$Ag^+$ ions at site II' in the sodalite cavity. Sixty-five $Tl^+$ ions were located at three crystallographic sites: 20$Tl^+$ ions at site II opposite single six-rings in the supercage, 18$Tl^+$ ions at site I' in the sodalite cavity opposite the D6Rs, and the remaining 27$Tl^+$ ions at site III' in the supercage. In the structure of $Ag_{23}Tl_{69-}X$, 23$Ag^+$ ions were found at two crystallographic sites: 15 at site I and 8 at site II'. Sixty-nine $Tl^+$ ions are found at four crystallographic sites: 24 at site II, 17 at stie I', and the remaining 28 at two III' sites with occupancies of 22 and 6.