• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 2008

Recently, the Ministry of Construction and Transportation announced a notice of the legislation related to remove the restriction of construction market activation in advance. he removement is an overwhelming change of the business structure in the Korean construction industry and has a far-reaching influence on general and trade contractors. The purpose of this research was to suggest improvement factors to survive an excessive competition in reinforced concrete market. This research did SWOT analysis to examine the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of reinforced concrete firm, and established business strategies. The factor analysis was also applied with questionnaire survey to staff in charge of reinforced concrete company. It is expected that the suggested improvement factors can give effective business strategies to reinforced concrete firm. Furthermore, trade contractors having difficulty in a bottleneck in management can get help from the result of this research.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.173-180
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : Fixed roadside objects are a threat to drivers when their vehicles deviate from the road. Therefore, such roadside objects need to be suitably dealt with to decrease accidents. This study determines the factors affecting the severity of accidents because of fixed roadside objects. METHODS : This study analyzed the crash severity impact of fixed roadside objects by using ordered probit regression as the analysis methodology. In this research, data from 896 traffic accidents reported in the last three years were used. These accidents consisted of sole-car accidents, fixed roadside object accidents, and lane-departure accidents on the national highway of Korea. The accident severity was classified as light injury, severe injury, and death. The factors relating to the road and the driver were collected as independent variables. RESULTS : The result of the analysis showed that the variables of the crash severity impact are the collision location (left side), gender of the driver (female), alcohol use, collision facility (roadside trees, traffic signals, telephone poles), and type of road (rural segments). Additionally, the collision location (left side), gender of the driver (female), alcohol use, collision facility (street trees, traffic signals, telephone poles), and type of road (rural segments), in order of influence, were found to be the factors affecting the crash severity in accidents due to fixed roadside objects. CONCLUSIONS : An alternative solution is urgently required to reduce the crash severity in accidents due to fixed roadside objects. Such a solution can consider the appropriate places to install breakaway devices and energy-absorbing systems.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.322-334
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors related to compliance with respiratory infection preventive behaviors including hand washing, cough etiquette, and oral hygiene of older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 100 older adults (mean age: $76.11{\pm}6.35$ years, female: 86.0%). Data were collected from a community senior center through face to face interviews by using instruments including measuring knowledge, perceived threat, self-efficacy, compliance with respiratory infection preventive behaviors. Results: The mean score of knowledge was 7.52 out of 13 in total. The compliance with hand washing with soap was 6.0% for 8 or more times per day. Among the participants, 12.0% adhered to the cough etiquette. Sixty-two older adults (62.0%) didn't use interdental brushes or floss at all. The stepwise linear regression indicated that age and self-efficacy for respiratory infection preventive behaviors were significant factors and explained 24.0% of the compliance with hand washing and the cough etiquette. Education level, cancer diagnosis, and self-efficacy for respiratory infection preventive behaviors were significant predictors of oral hygiene. The factor with the greatest effect was self-efficacy in the two models. Conclusion: The findings suggest that it is necessary to improve compliance with respiratory infection preventive behaviors among older adults using senior centers. In order to enhance the compliance, it is necessary to develop nursing programs based on the self-efficacy for respiratory infection preventive behaviors in the senior centers.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.3-9
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• 2017

Recently, Wireless communication has been widely used as a short distance communication medium in various industrial fields as well as communication connection between home appliances due to the appearance of the Internet of Things. And Most commonly used wireless communication media include WiFi, Bluetooth, and NFC. Among them, Bluetooth is widely used for communication between smart devices as well as computer peripheral devices. And Bluetooth in the home network fields is being used to control electronic products. However, since Bluetooth security vulnerabilities are known, more and more attacks are being exploited. As the application range of Bluetooth is expanding, it is necessary to prepare countermeasures accordingly. Therefore, this study investigates the security threat factors of through Bluetooth'attack case and attack technology. And By proposing countermeasures against this problem, we intend to utilize it as data for improving the security of wireless network service in the future.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2020

Cyber Attack have evolved more and more in recent years. One of the best countermeasure to counter this advanced and sophisticated cyber threat is to predict cyber attacks in advance. It requires a lot of information and effort to predict cyber threats. If we use Open Source Intelligence(OSINT), the core of recent information acquisition, we can predict cyber threats more accurately. In order to predict cyber threats using OSINT, it is necessary to establish a Database(DB) for cyber attacks from OSINT and to select factors that can evaluate cyber threats from the established DB. We are based on previous researches that built a cyber attack DB using data mining and analyzed the importance of core factors among accumulated DG factors by AHP technique. In this research, we present a method for quantifying cyber threats and propose a cyber threats prediction model based on artificial neural networks.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study is to empirically examine factors that affect the information security awareness and perceived information security risk of employees of port companies. In particular, in order to identify factors that affect the perceived information security risks, we investigated the relation of assets, threats, and vulnerabilities to it, using the risk analysis methodology. With A total of 252 valid questionnaires, we also performed the structural equation modeling analysis using AMOS. It was found that first, there was no meaningful relationship between the information assets and the perceived information security risk in the case of employees of port companies. Second, threats and vulnerabilities turned out to have positive influences on the perceived information security risk. Finally, there was a positive relationship not only between the information security awareness and the information security education, but also between the information security awareness and the intention of information security. However, there was no meaningful relationship between the information security concern and the information security awareness.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.491-500
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• 2009

In order to attract more transshipment cargoes, Busan Port Authority (BPA) has, since 2003, adopted the volume incentive policy by which more than US$ 10 million annually have been paid back to shipping lines that were called at the port. However, having been a transshipment port for the Northeast region of China, the port of Busan has come under threat from bold Chinese port development projects, notably Shanghai, as northern Chinese regionnl ports place more emphasis on building facilities capable of handling growing trade volumes. Undoubtedly this would lead to a decline in transshipment container traffic moved via Busan. The purpose of this paper is to identify some core factors that have been affecting the increase of transshipment cargoes of Busan and further to recommend BPA an improved incentive scheme with which more T/S cargoes can be attracted into the port of Busan To clarity the reason why T/S cargoes have increased in the port of Busan, several steps are made as follows: The first step is to make a quantitative model for explaining the development of T/S cargoes during the last decade. The second step is to define the dependent and the independent variables for multiple regressions after testing variable significance. For this, data collection and the accuracy of validation have been done by the direct interview with the experienced staffs in shipping companies of both domestic and foreign country. After validating the model with collected data, the final step is to find variables which are explaining the model mostly. In conclusion, 2 variables were clearly identified as core factors that explain well the development of T/S cargoes in the port of Busan: 'Mohring effect' and total cost. It is strongly recommended, by an empirical study, that an incentive scheme be changed to a way which more feeder vessels rather than mother vessels can reduce their direct costs to call in the port of Busan.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.29-45
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• 2009

In the information age, cheap price of information processing and advances in personalization technology have allowed companies to enhance the relationships with their existing customers and to expand their customer base by effectively attracting new customers. However, most customers are reluctant to provide their personal information to companies. This study explores the tension between companies' desire to collect personal information to offer personalized services and their customers' privacy concerns. The psychological reactance theory suggests that when individuals feel that their behavioral choice is threatened or restricted, they are motivated to restore their freedom. Therefore, despite the expected benefits from personalized services, customers may perceive the services to be restrictive of their freedom to choose. This adverse effect may undermine the relationships between companies and their customers. We conducted experiments to explore the dynamic roles of transactional and environmental factors in motivating customers to provide personal information. We revisited online privacy issues from the perspective of psychological reactance. For the experiments, we created an online shop and randomly assigned the participants to one of the two experimental conditions-high and low levels of information requirements. The results of the experiment indicate that threatening the free choice serves as a transactional cost in online profiling. On the other hand, the expected benefits of personalization services have positive correlations with customers' willingness to provide personal information. This study explains privacy based on transactional and environmental factors. Our findings also indicate that the environmental factors such as the Internet privacy risk and trust propensity do not significantly affect the willingness to provide personal information when firms required much personal information. Implications and contributions are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2008

Objective: Delayed ischemic deficit or cerebral infarction is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study is to reassess the prognostic impact of intraoperative elements, including factors related to surgery and anesthesia, on the development of cerebral infarction in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Methods: Variables related to surgery and anesthesia as well as predetermined factors were all evaluated via a retrospective study on 398 consecutive patients who underwent early microsurgery for ruptured cerebral aneurysms in the last 7 years. Patients were dichotomized as following; good clinical grade (Hunt-Hess grade I to III) and poor clinical grade (IV and V). The end-point events were cerebral infarctions and the clinical outcomes were measured at postoperative 6 months. Results: The occurrence of cerebral infarction was eminent when there was an intraoperative rupture, prolonged temporary clipping and retraction time, intraoperative hypotension, or decreased $O_2$ saturation, but there was no statistical significance between the two different clinical groups. Besides the Fisher Grade, multiple logistic regression analyses showed that temporary clipping time, hypotension, and low $O_2$ saturation had odds ratios of 1.574, 3.016, and 1.528, respectively. Cerebral infarction and outcome had a meaningful correlation (${\gamma}$=0.147, p=0.038). Conclusion: This study results indicate that early surgery for poor grade SAH patients carries a significant risk of ongoing ischemic complication due to the brain's vulnerability or accompanying cardio-pulmonary dysfunction. Thus, these patients should be approached very cautiously to overcome any anticipated intraoperative threat by concerted efforts with neuro-anesthesiologist in point to point manner.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

Purpose: To identify factors associated with children's discriminatory attitudes towards fully recovered children who contracted the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1), in order to provide fundamental information to improve health education for children. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from the entire 6th grade classes (N=2,323) of 11 elementary schools randomly selected from 11 school districts in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of South Korea. Questionnaires were used to assess participants' knowledge of and attitudes towards the Influenza A (H1N1) virus. Results: Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the factors associated with children's discriminatory attitudes toward fully recovered children who had contracted the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1). Multiple regression analysis revealed that perceived risk of contracting and knowledge of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) were significant factors in predicting a child's attitude toward fully recovered Influenza A (H1N1) patients, after controlling for socioeconomic variables. Conclusion: The findings suggests that perceived risk and knowledge play important roles in formulating children's appropriate attitudes towards Novel influenza A (H1N1) patients who are fully recovered from the disease. To promote and maximize children's attitudes in this area, health education needs to be directed at children to reduce excessive concern about contracting the virus and to improve their overall health knowledge.