• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.8
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• pp.241-266
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• 2005

Current information-oriented society is expanding rapidly with the huge change to our society from the information revolution emerged in mid '50s. Information technique such as computer, communication satellite and cable technology play their in this information-oriented society, and in 1980s, digital technique was adopted to media, inviting new phenomenon in communication of overall society. Expectations and hope for new trends and changes from digital era flourished when we entered into new Millenium, the 21st century. Since then we have gone through changes in years from analogue to digital. Now the word 'digital' is conceived in unified manner in almost every fields and influences overall society, changing our life pattern rapidly. Modern society had demanded some speedy and bidirectional communication tool in shifting digital era, and resulted from that was a new culture, Now the society changes more and more quickly under the speedy information sharing. From that perspective we need to establish the aspects of sensibility expression, which is one feature of the communication. The sensibility-oriented digital was originated from the human nature, which counts emotion and composure much. To satisfy the human nature a new cultural value which transcend a traditional one is needed. And the sensitivity expression to meet the need is one communication tendency in digital era. Digital era has totally different social qualities from that of analogue era. In digital era, prompt respond to rapid change and creativity combined with sensitivity are needed. Therefore a man with sensitivity would be more outstanding than a man of intelligence. The picture of digital and analogue in our society consists of two axis one is analogue axis like retrospective trend, admiration for nature , oriental thought etc. , and the other is the digital axis of internet and information technology. Sensibility can be widely interpreted as analogue thinking. It is surely different from the plain retrospective trend or nostalgia for past. It is a tendency that digital technology is used and cooperated with the emotion in human nature, In this paper we suggest the sensitivity expressions in detail through the study cases including both sides of digital and sensitivity expressions such as 'Bravo your life' advertising campaign of Samsung Insurance, MP3 advertising campaign, and 'Mini-homepage' of Cyworld. Under the circumstances the main direction of communication is oriented to human. This study's purpose is to think the true meaning of this digital era, to overcoming its weaknesses, such as over-dependency on technique and selfish individualism and to harmonize digital and sensitivity expression. The sensitivity-oriented expression than the reason-oriented one is expected to be put forth in whole media, and this is a more efficient tendency under the shifting digital era.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 1989

A study on quantitative phytoplankton samples, hydrographic conditions (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen), and nutrients has been performed in the southern waters of the Korean East Sea in early spring. Phytoplankton community showed close correlation with hydrographic conditions. This study area could be divided into three phytohydrographic regions; 1) East Korean Warm Water Region (a branch of Tsushima Current), 2) North Korean Cold Water Region, and 3) offshore water region not affected by other two water regions. Vertical distribution of phytoplankton is dependent upon stability of water column and nutrient concentration. Nutrient concentration shows characteristic distribution according to water masses. N/P ratio of ca. 3 in surface layer indicates that nitrogen is the major limiting nutrient in this area. N/P removal ratio was 12.54 ($r^2$ = 0.96), consistent with the Redified ratio. Primary nitrite maxima at the nitracline depths are thought to be formed by phytoplankton exudation. Secondary nitrite maximum was observed in coastal area with dissolved oxygen content of >5.2 ml/l much higher than <0.25 ml/l in other areas. The mechanism of secondary maximum is different from that of other regions, and whether it may be due to in situ degradation of organic matter by bacterial activity is still open to discuss.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2001

Even though the increase of greenhouse gases such as $CO_2$ is thought to be the main cause for global warming, its impact on global climate has not been revealed clearly in rather quantitative manners. However, researches using Genral Circulation Model(GCM) has shown that the accumulation of greenhouse gases increases the global mean temperature, which in turn impacts on the global water circulation pattern. A climate predictive capability is limited by lack of understanding of the different process governing the climate and hydrologic systems. The prediction of the complex responses of the fully coupled climate and hydrologic systems can be achieved only through development of models that adequately describe the relevant process at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. These models must ultimately couple the atmospheres, oceans, and lad and will involve many submodels that properly represent the individual processes at work within the coupled components of systems. So far, there are no climate and related hydrologic models except local rainfall-runoff models in Korea. The purpose of this research is to predict the change of temperature in Korean Peninsula using regional scale model(IRSHAM96 model) and GCM data obtained from the increasing scenarios of $CO_2$ Korean Peninsula increased by $2.5^{\circ}C$ and the duration of Winter in $lxCO_2$ condition would be shorter the $2xCo_2$ condition due to global warming.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2006

To investigate the comparative effect of spherical and aspherical RGP lens were worn during 3 weeks on rabbit's cornea. Four white rabbits were worn right eyes with spherical lens and 4 white rabbits were worn right eyes with aspherical RGP lens. Left eyes were served as control. The rabbits were sacrificed at 3 weeks after fitting and observed morphological changes by scanning electron microscopy and also investigate proliferation rate of the corneal epithelium with RGP wearing. After spherical RGP lens wearing, the epithet layer damaged compared to aspherical lens. The superficial cell layer strip off seriously, cell size significantly changed abnormal. Both spherical and aspherical RGP lens fitting group showed so many bacteria and back surface of lens was found like a fern shape. The aspherical RGP lens original material type was some formal than spherical lens. We thought that these pattern was significantly altered with spherical lens by prohibited transmitter oxygen from atmosphere therefore the epithelium shape was changed. This suggested wearing the aspherical lens might be less physiologic than shperical lens fitting.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2011

We conducted a study to investigate milk and dairy products consumption among elementary school students to identify ways to increase their intake of milk and dairy products. We asked 518 students in Seoul to fill out questionnaire. Only 55.6% of the subjects consumed milk daily, and 43.7% of them drank at least 1 cup per day. The frequency and quantity of milk consumption were higher in male students than female students. The majority of the subjects consumed whole milk, and most students(59.5%) preferred flavored milk to whole milk. The reasons given for drinking milk included 'wanting to be tall'(66.1%) and 'for good health'(47.1%), while the main reason given for not drinking milk was stomach pain (68.4%). Records of having an unpleasant experience and upset stomach after drinking milk occurred at a higher rate for those who did not drink milk(84.2%) than for those who did(53.3%). Of the students questioned, 36.9% consumed dairy products other than milk 3~4 times per week, and liquid-type yoghurt(43.8%) and ice cream(35.4%) were the preferred dairy products among students. The reasons given for consuming dairy products were 'good taste'(56.6%), 'good to eat'(46.6%), 'wanting to be tall'(32.4%), and 'for good health' (25.4%). Among those students who did not consumed dairy products, the major reason given was 'family does not eat at home'(33.3%). After consuming the dairy products, 71.4% of participants thought that dairy products did not result in physical improvement. Most students had experienced purchasing milk and dairy products by themselves. When they bought milk or dairy products, the reasons given for making a particular selection were 'shelf-life'(61.6%) for milk, and 'favorite dairy products'(54.1%) for dairy products. According to participants, the factors that need to be considered for milk and dairy product consumption among elementary school students are 'higher nutrition' (60.8%), 'better sanitation'(57.3%), and 'better quality and taste'(55.2%).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.175-183
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• 1998

Yulmoo Mul-kimchi was prepared by fermentation of the mixture of 1 part of leafy radish and 2.75 parts of water. It is thought that during the kimchi fermentation both the biosynthesis and destruction of ascorbic acid occurred at the same time. So the ascorbic acid content in Kimchi broth was strongly influenced by the environment of the processing period. In the present studies, an attempt had been made to elucidate the effect of water quality on the content of ascorbic acid and the population change of microorganism during Mul-kimchi fermentation. Five kinds of water such as tap water, an underground water, one commercially available processed water, distilled water and triply distilled water were examined. Nevertheless there were no differences in the population of microorganism and the pattern of acid formation among the five different kind of waters, a large variation of ascorbic acid content was observed. The ascorbic acid content of Kimchi prepared with triply distilled water showed the highest of 7.2 mg% in contrast to 3.37 mg% in tap water kimchi, and 5.72 mg% in the kimchi using underground water which has relatively high concentration of Ca. These results suggested that pure water free of metal ions might prevent the destruction of ascorbic acid during the fermentation. The considerable amount of ascorbic acid in the Kimchi with underground water might be due to Ca ion in the water.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 1998

To develop methods to produce low salt fermented squid with rich flavor and acceptable shelf life, the optimum processing conditions such as water activity of raw material, amounts of NaCl, papain and gucose were investigated. Water activity of squid meat was adjusted to 0.94 (raw meat), 0.90 and 0.88 by cold air blast and each was salted with 3, 5, or 7% NaCl followed by fermenting at $10^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks. Amino nitrogen was increased rapidly with high water activity and low NaCl concentration. As a result of organoleptic evaluation it was concluded that optimum conditions were to adjust water activity of raw material to 0.90 and to salt with 5% NaCl. When squid meat adjusting water activity to 0.90 was treated with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5% papain and fermented at $10^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks, SDS-PAGE pattern showed rapid breakdown of myofibrilar protein with increasing amounts of papain but the treatment with 0.1% enzyme was best organoleptically. pH values of squid meat added with 1 and 2% glucose were maintained lower than control (glucose 0%) but there were no significant differences between the two glucose treatments. Therefore, it was thought that adding of glucose might be extended shelf life of fermented squid with low salt concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2006

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer among men in the developed world affecting the tongue, pharynx, larynx and oral cavity. HNSCC is thought to represent a multistep process whereby carcinogen exposure leads to genetic instability in the tissue and accumulation of specific genetic events, which result in dysregulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cell loss and the acquisition of invasive capacity. Despite therapeutic and diagnostic progress in oncology during the past decades, the prognosis of HNSCC remains poor. Thus it seems that finding a biological tumor markers which will increase the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring rates, is of paramount importance in respect to improving prognosis. In an effort to identify gene expression signatures that may serve as biomarkers, this study several genes were selected, such as H3,3A, S100A7, UCHL1, GSTP1, PAI-2, PLK, TGF${\beta}$1 and bFGF, and used 7 HNSCC cell lines that were established various anatomical sites, and also 17 other cancer cell lines were used for control group using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analysis with a monoclonal antibody. In this study, S100A7 showed a clearly restricted occurrence in tongue originated cell line, and GSTP1 expression level in the pharynx originated cell line was very increased, relative to corresponding other cell lines. These results suggest that S100A7 and GSTP1 genes' expression can occur during tongue and pharynx originated head and neck tumorigenesis and that genetic change is an important driving force in the carcinogenesis process. This data indicate that S100A7 and GSTP1 expression pattern in HNSCC reflect both diagnostic clue and biological marker. And this is provides a foundation for the development of site-specific diagnostic strategies and treatments for HNSCC.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.733-744
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• 2002

The fibroblasts are the principal cells in the periodontal ligament of peridontium. As the periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) show similar phenotype with osteoblasts, the PDLF are thought to play an important role in alveolar bone remodeling. Cell-to-cell contacted signaling is crucial for osteoclast formation. Recently it has been reported that PDLJ enhance the bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts differentiated from hematopoietic preosteoclasts. The aims of this study were to $clarify\;^{1)}$ the mechanism of PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis $and\;^{2)}$ whether we can use preosteoclast cell line instead of primary hematopoietic preosteoclast cells for studying the mechanism of PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclastic differentiation of mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was compared with that of mouse bone marrow-derived M-CSF dependent cell (MDBM), a well-known hematopoietic preosteoclast model, by examining, 1) osteoclast-specific gene expression such as calcitonin receptor, M-CSF receptor (c-fms), cathepsin K, receptoractivator nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) ,2) generation of TRAP(+) multinucleated cells (MNCs), and 3) generation of resorption pit on the $OAAS^{TM}$ plate. RAW264.7 cultured in the medium containing of soluble osteoclast differentiation Factor (sODF) showed similar phenotype with MDBM-derived osteoclasts, those are mRNA expression pattern of osteoclast-specific genes, TRAP(+) MNCs generation, and bone resorbing abivity. Formation of resorption pits by osteoclastic MNCs differentiated from sODF-treated RAW264.7, was completely blocked by the addition of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble decoy receptor for ODF, to the sODF-containing culture me야um. The effects of PDLF on differentiation of RAW264.7 into　the TRAP(+) multinucleated osteoclast-like cells were examined using coculture system. PDLF were fxed with paraformaldehyde, followed by coculture with RAW264.7, which induced formation of TRAP(+) MNCs in the absence of additional treatment of sODF. When compared with untreated and fixed PDLF (fPDLF), IL-1 ${\beta}$-treated, or lipopolysaccha-ride-treated and then fixed PDLF showed two-folld increase in the supporting activity of osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 coculture system. There were no TRAP(+) MNCs formation in coculture system of RAW264.7 with PDLF of no fixation. These findigs suggested that we can replace the primary hematopoietic preosteoclasts for RAW264. 7 cell line for studying the mechanism of PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis, and we hypothesize that PDLF control osteoclastogenesis through ODF expression which might be enhanced by inflammatory signals.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.469-480
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• 2005

There have been always some difficulties in target setting and conditioning of acoustic performances or the Korean traditional music hall due mainly to the lack of the information on the sound radiation characteristics of Korean musical sources. As the 2nd experiment succeeding the previous study[1], the radiation characteristics of eight typical Korean traditional musical sources were investigated if precision. The selected musical sources were Geomungo, Haegeum (string), Piri, Taepyeongso (woodwind), Buk, Kwaengguari, Jing (drum), and male Pansori Chang (vocal Performance). The results show that the directivity pattern of each instrument is different and has their own directivity characteristics. Measured directional and spectral characteristics of traditional Korean music sources were implemented into the computation of architectural acoustic measures. Significant differences in the acoustic measures at receiver positions were observed between the results in using the omni-directional source and the directional one. In order to investigate the acoustical characteristics of the instruments depending on the spatial variation four different shapes of halls were introduced including rectangular, fan. horse-shoe and geometrical shapes. Room acoustical parameters such as RT, SPL, C80, LF, STI were calculated at each type or hall. As the results, It was found that the rectangular hall has the most high clarity. lateral energy and STI values among low shapes of halls. It is thought that the suggested source data and design method can be used as a basic reference in the future acoustic design of performance halls for the Korean traditional music.