• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.315-319
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• 2007

Fibrinopurulent peritonitis and abdominal abscesses associated with Streptococcus (S.) equi subsp. zooepidemicus is reported in a 1-year-old female thoroughbred horse. The horse died after showing 5-day history of the cold, severe abdominal distention, abdominal breathing, hyperthermia, anorexia, and loss of intestinal sound. At necropsy, several liters of turbid yellowish green fluid were seen in the abdominal cavity. Yellowish creamy and fibrinous or bloody materials were presented on the serosa of various abdominal organs that were intensively adhered with each other. Spleen and mesenteric lymph node were remarkably enlarged. Affected lobes of the lung showed severe congestion, hemorrhage and doughy consistency. Histologically, the lung showed hemorrhagic pneumonia with diffuse congestion and edema. Severe diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis with Gram-positive bacterial cocci and adjacent fibrosis were showed in the serosa of various abdominal organs such as liver, spleen, stomach, and intestine. And multifocal abscess pouches were presented in the granulation tissue of abdominal viscera. S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus was isolated from the peritoneal swab, abdominal organs, and lung. Hematogenous dissemination of bacteria from hemorrhagic pneumonia is proposed as the route of infection in this case.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate a usefulness of the microsatellite DNA markers for parentage verification of Thoroughbred (TB) horses. 9 TB horses samples were genotyped for nine international minimum standard markers (AHT4, 5, ASB2, HMS3, 6, 7, HTG4, 10, and VHL20), and the additional panel of four markers, ASB17, CA425, LEX33, and TKY321. This methods consisted of multiplexing PCR procedures, and it showed reasonable amplification of all PCR products. Genotyping was performed with an ABI 310 genetic analyzer. Foal I was excluded according to principles of Mendelian genetics in AHT4 (H/K), ASB2 (Q/Q), HMS3 (I/P), HTG4 (M/O), HTG1O (K/R), VHL20 (M/P), ASB17 (F/N), LEX33 (M/O), and TKY321 (G/I) markets. Foal II was excluded with markers AHT5 (K/M), ASB2 (M/N), HMS7 (N/N), HTG1O (K/K), VHL20 (I/I), ASB17 (F/F) and TKY321 (G/I). Foal III was excluded with markers AHT4 (O/O), AHT5 (K/K), ASB2 (M/R), HMS6 (M/P), HMS7 (O/O), HTG10 (R/S), VHL20 (L/M), and ASB17 (N/O). These results suggest that the present DNA typing is so useful for parentage verification of TB horses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.683-689
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to investigate the blood markers of Thoroughbred horses (TB) The blood red cell types and blood protein types (biochemical polymorphisms) were tested from 1,125 Thoroughbred horses by serological and electrophoretic procedures, and their phenotypes, gene frequencies, heterozygosity, polymorphic information content values and exclusion probability were estimated. The blood group and biochemical polymorphism phenotypes observed with high frequency were Aaf(91.7%), Ca(94.7%), K-(94.5%), Ua(75.9%), P-(50.6%), Qabc(82.6%), ALB-BB(67.7%), GC-FF(92.7%), AIB-KK(99.6%), ES-II(77.9%), TF-DF1(23.6%), PI-LL(23.2%), HB-B2B2(73.6%), PGD-FS(45.4%) and genotypes Dcgm/dk(16.9%), Dbcm/cgm(13.6%), Dbcm/dk(11.9%), Dcegmn/cegmn(10.0%), Dcgm/cgm(8.7%) in TB. Alleles observed with high frequency were Aaf(0.796), Ca(0.769), Ddk(0.266), Dcgm(0.261), Dbcm(0.211), K-(0.972), P-(0.710), Qabc(0.565), Q-(0.368), Ua(0.509), $HB^{B2}$(0.858), $PGD^F$(0.634), $ALB^B$(0.825), $GC^F$(0.927), $AIB^K$(0.998), $ES^I$(0.881), $TF^{F1}$(0.346), $TF^D$(0.319), $TF^{F2}$(0.184), $PI^L$(0.479), $PI^N$(0.214), $PI^U$(0.116) in TB. The heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (PIC) and exclusion probability (PE) were calculated. The mean heterozygosity and PIC value were 0.3899 and 0.3375, respectively. The highest heterozygosity and PIC were estimated 0.7834 and 0.7492 in blood group D locus, respectively. The cumulated PE obtained by blood groups and biochemical polymorphisms was 0.9813.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different feeding levels on the number of fecal lactic acid-producing bacteria and fecal pH in horses. In Exp. 1, 6 female cross-bred horses ($332.4{\pm}50.4\;kg$, 5 year old) were fed 2% hay or 2% concentrates of BW for 30 d, and the number of fecal Lactobacilli and Streptococci was measured. For Exp. 2, 5 castrated Thoroughbred ($474.5{\pm}64.6kg$, 4 year old) and 5 female cross-bred horses ($343.6{\pm}56.3\;kg$, 5 year old) were allotted to high- or low-concentrates diets (5 levels) for 30 d in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design, and the fecal pH was assessed. In Exp. 3, 3 castrated Thoroughbred ($482.6{\pm}53.3\;kg$, 4 year old) were fed high- or low-alfalfa hay diets (3 levels) for 30 d in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design, and the fecal pH was measured. Feeding high-concentrates diets increased (P<0.05) the number of fecal lactic acid-producing bacteria (Lactobacilli and Streptococci) and decreased (P<0.01) the fecal pH. Feeding alfalfa hay with high-concentrates diet (2% alfalfa hay + 1% concentrates of BW) decreased (P<0.01) the fecal pH. These results showed that feeding high-concentrates diets increased lactic acid-producing bacteria in the large intestine and decreased the intestinal or fecal pH causing colic or laminitis, indicating that the proper fiber/concentrates (1:1) should be maintained in horses.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the seroprevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and type 4 (EHV-4), equine influenza virus (EIV), and Streptococcus (S.) equi subspecies equi in the horse population of Jeju. Serum samples were taken from 71 horses, regularly vaccinated with EHV-1 and strangles twice (April and November) a year. In April 2014, seropositive rates of EHV-1 and strangles were 24.5% and 84.5%, while in November, were 26.8% and 62.0%, respectively. A total of 1,144 serum samples, including Jeju native horses, Halla horses, and Thoroughbred horses were collected from slaughter house for 4 years (2014 to 2017) and it is unclear the animals were vaccinated or not. The seropositive rates in Jeju was 21.9% (250/l,144) for EHV-1, 96.4% (1,103/1,144) for EHV-4, 14.6% (129/882) for EIV, and 79.3% (879/1,108) for strangles. The seropositive rate was the highest in Thoroughbred, but lowest in Hala horse.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to construct fundamental information for the usefulness and effects of thermography in Thoroughbred horses. total 10 horses were examined to determine a normal thermal pattern before and after sedation in lower limbs and ophthalmic area, and to investigate the effects of thermography during 42 days after induced wound and arthritis. In normal horses, the range of temperature difference(${\Delta}T$) of symmetry site in lower limbs was 0.20 to $0.68^{\circ}C$ on pre-sedation, which was simillar to that of post sedation, 0.17 to $0.74^{\circ}C$, and eyeball area was 0.34 to $0.68^{\circ}C$. Thermographically, the warmest area in normal limbs were coronary band of frontal view and the region between heel bulbs of back view. And temperature difference(${\Delta}T$) after clipping in left forelimb was increased 1 to $3^{\circ}C$ more than before clipping. However, there was no significant change of the temperature difference and degree of clinical signs by the process of inflammation healing during the experiment period in the all groups. These results suggest that the thermography was especially helpful in following clinical course of a disease because the thermal pattern will return to normal with declining clinical signs and healing of the lesion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.369-373
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• 2008

Staphylococcus intermedius (S. intermedius) has been rarely isolated from horse. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. intermedius isolated from skin lesions of Thoroughbred horse in Daegu Equestrian Association. The skin lesions were showed with dehairing and slight purulent inflammation. Bacteria were isolated from skin lesions and identified as S. intermedius by biochemical tests and MicroLog (BIOLOG, California, USA). Antimicrobial susceptibility test of S. intemedius isolates was performed with 33 antimicrobial agents (BBL, Maryland, USA) by using the agar disk diffusion method. It showed a high sensibility in the amikacin, amoxycillin/clavuramic acid, ampicillin, cefoxitin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin G, tetracycline and vancomycin. The horse was treated with penicillin, and cured completely after two weeks. The present results showed valuable information for treatment and prevention of skin disease in horse.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2020

The current study is the first paper on FPT(failure of passive transfer) of horse population in Korea. The object of this study was to comparison of immune status normal and patient horses. Failure of passive transfer is the most common immunodeficiency disorder of horses. Twenty-two foals and 18 horses from Jeju of the equine hospital were diagnosed with the SNAP Foal IgG Test Kit. All adult horses had normal immune functions (≥800 mg/dl). Thirteen of the 22 newborn babies (59%; ∠800 mg/dl) had a weak immune function but recovered and survived after treatment. Nine of these 22 are horses with strong immunity (≥800 mg/dl), indicating that high IgG concentrations in the blood can cause infectious diseases. There were a total of six dead, four of which were infectious diseases. In addition, early identification of infectious diseases in newborn foals is expected to help prepare systematic health management measures for the development of the disease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1147-1154
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidation activity of Jeju crossbred horse (Jeju native horse ${\times}$ thoroughbred) leg bone extracts (HLBE) and its enzyme hydrolysates by determination of 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). HLBE was extracted with hot water for 24 hr and lyophilized. The lyophilized HLBE was hydrolyzed using multifect PR6L (MP), pepsin (PS), and a pepsin and pancreatin mixture (PSPC) for 4 hr at 60, 50, and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The hydrolysates were separated by a molecular weight of 3 kDa more or less. When the yield of HLBE was 100%, the yield of hydrolysates less than 3 kDa of MP, PS, and PSPC was 10.86, 3.26, and 8.00%, respectively. Enzyme hydrolysates with low molecular weight less than 3 kDa in MP and PSPC showed significantly higher DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and ORAC compared to HLBE and its hydrolysates with more than 3 kDa. However, the FRAP of the hydrolysates less than 3 kDa in PS was significantly higher than in MP. These results suggest that low molecular weight enzyme hydrolysates less than 3 kDa have more powerful antioxidation activity, especially when they are hydrolyzed by MP and PSPC rather than PS. Therefore, low molecular weight enzyme hydrolysates of HLBE hydrolyzed with MP and PSPC have significant potential as antioxidants in the food industry. Further in vivo studies are required to support the antioxidation activities of the hydrolysates in vitro.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

This study was conducted to analyze the genetic polymorphisms of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) in horse breeds and its association with substrate characteristics in Jeju crossbreds (Jeju Horse × Thoroughbred). Polymorphisms in DRD4 are candidate genes associated with temperament in various mammals, including humans. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G292A in the exon 3 region of the horse DRD4 has a reported association with curiosity and vigilance in thoroughbreds. Sanger sequencing was used to identify polymorphisms of the mutations in DRD4 in three horse breeds. The SNP frequency in Jeju horses was significantly different from the frequency in other breeds. Character evaluation, conducted in the Jeju crossbreds and scored using a temperament test and contact test, revealed a high correlation between each test. Comparison of the polymorphism in the DRD4 of horses and the results of the character evaluation revealed lower scores for all temperaments in horses carrying allele A. Comparison of the SNP of G292A and blood dopamine levels in Jeju crossbreds showed 2.87 times higher levels for the GA type than for the GG type. This study identified an association between DRD4 polymorphism and various test methods for evaluating horse temperament and levels of neurotransmitters. Further research could validate the use of this gene as a genetic marker for character evaluation.