• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.45-56
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• 2023

This review serves two purposes: first, to promote the use of improved optimization techniques in response surface methodology (RSM); and second, to enhance the optimum conditions for the fermentation of probiotics. According to research in dairy science, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K79 is a candidate probiotic that has beneficial health effects, such as lowering blood pressure. The optimum conditions for L. plantarumK79 to produce peptides with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity were proposed, through modeling each of ACE inhibitory activity and pH as a function of the four factors that are skim milk concentration (%), incubation temperature (℃), incubation time (hours), and starter added amount (%). To estimate optimum conditions, the researchers employed a desirability-based multi-response optimization approach, utilizing third-order models with a nonsignificant lack of fit. The estimated optimum fermentation conditions for L. plantarum K79 were as follows: a skim milk concentration of 10.76%, an incubation temperature of 36.9℃, an incubation time of 23.76 hours, and a starter added amount of 0.098%. Under these conditions, the predicted ACE inhibitory activity was 91.047%, and the predicted pH was 4.6. These predicted values achieved the objectives of the multi-response optimization in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.56-68
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• 1993

The primary school age are important period that the children exchange the deciduous teeth for permanent teeth, there are so many outbreak of dental caries which is major oral diseases periodontal disease begins, and malocclusion may be brought about. The purpose of this study is to suggest the fundamental data for enforcement of dental health in primary school age as analyzing the curriculum contents and amount on dental health in primary school course. The data were investigated from 103 volumes of 139 textbooks of second semester in 1992 and first semester i 1993 except some subjects that the quantitative analysis is impossible such as arithmetic a problem in arithmetic, observation, music, fine arts and so on. The contents of all textbooks were analyzed separating into paragraph and picture, the contents for dental health were classified into amount, item, teaching method. The results are as follows: 1) The paragraphs on public health were 3.992 among total paragraphs 69,789 as 5.72%. And the picture were 7.41% as 923 pieces of total 12,457 ones. 2) For dental health, there were 73 paragraphs of 69.789 ones (0.10%) and 42 pieces of 12.457 pictures (0.34%). 3) According to the investigation of curriculum that had the paragraphs related to dental health the most, it turned out to be in order of physical education nature. Right life story, and right life story, righ life, physical education for the picture. And for the grade, it appeared to be in order of sixth, third first grade for the paragraphs and first, third, sixth grade for the pictures. 4) In the attitude and knowledge of item for dental health by grade, it turned out that the paragraph was 76.71%, the behaviour was 23.29%. On the other hand, the knowledge was 35.17% and the attitude was 64.28% for the picture. 5) At the commentary of curriculum in primary school, the goal of health education by each grade was just keep clean and strong teeth, know the role of teeth and the cause of dacayed teeth, and prevent it in second and third grade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.744-753
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate Chinese in Beijing and Shanghai perception and preference for Korean Kimchi. The results were as follows: A questionnaire was examined on male 145(45.7%) and female 172(54.3%) of residing in Beijing, and on male 139(49.5%) and female 142(50.5%) of residing in Shanghai. In foods of eating with Kimchi resulted the highest Chinese foods 40.3% on male, and Korean. Chinese foods 25.3% on female in Beijing(p< .05), Korean, Chinese foods 26.7% and 25.3% on male respectively, and Korean foods 50.7% on female in Shanghai. In Kimchi used dishes Beijing resulted high Kimchi Ramyon 61.5%, Kimchi Kuk 51.3%, and Kimchi Chigae 44.9%, and Shanghai were Kimchi Ramyon 51.2%, Kimchi Kuk 41.3%, and Kimchi Fried Rice 22.4% in order. In evaluation by kinds of Kimchi, the taste resulted high onion juice Kimchi(M=6.55) of the third days, and overall acceptability resulted high onion juice Kimchi(M=6.18) of the third days, similary in Beijing, and Kimchi added in shrimp(M=5.70) of two days, and overall acceptability resulted high Kimchi added in shrimp(M=5.70) of the third days, similary in Shanghai. In Sensory evaluation by used Kimchi, the taste resulted high in the order of Kimchi Fried Rice and Chinese style Kimchi Fried Pork(M=6.27), and overall acceptability resulted Kimchi Fried Udong(M=6.40), Chinese style Kimchi Fried Pork(M=6.27), Kimchi Dumpling(M=6.20) in Beijing, and Kimchi Chige(M=6.70), Kimchi Fried Rice(M=6.67) and Kimchi Pancake(M=6.44), and overall acceptability resulted Kimchi Fried Udong, Kimchi Chige(M=6.50), Kimchi Fried Rice and Kimchi Pancake(M=6.44) in Shanghai.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2009

Objectives: This study has longitudinally analyzed male smokers in order to find out the trend rate of re-smoking after smoking cessation. Methods: The study was conducted with 800 male smokers who were provided with smoking cessation services for 3 years at public health centers from July 16, 2005 to July 15, 2008. Results: The results can be summarized as follows: First, the success rate of smoking cessation for at least 6 months during 3-year period was 54.4%. The failure rate of smoking cessation at the second year was 47.5% and the third 27.2%, which indicates that the failure rate diminishes as the period of smoking cessation extends. Second, the success rate of smoking cessation at the first trial was 35.0%, the second 24.3%, and the third 16.4%. The success rate diminished as the number of trial increased. Third, the continuation rate of smoking cessation for a year was 18.3%, for 2 years 13.4%. For the success group, the continuation rate of smoking cessation for a year was 52.5%, for 2 years 38.2%. For the failure group, the rate for a year was 21.5%. Fourth, in this longitudinal analysis, the most crucial variables that affect the success rate of smoking cessation are total number of consultation and the past experience of successful smoking cessation. Conclusion: This study shows that success of smoking cessation and the continuance of smoking cessation are both difficult, and that the past experience of smoking cessation plays an important role determining the present success of smoking cessation and continuance of smoking cessation. Thus, it is necessary to divide people into success group and failure group based on the results of the past experience of smoking cessation when they consult at smoking cessation clinics at public health centers. Further, in order to increase the continuation rate of smoking cessation, this study suggests that we need to consider ways to take care of those who successfully abstained from smoking for 6 months.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.92-101
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• 2006

This study examines placeness of the living space on the basis of Schulz's existential space and inquires into the expressional features of placeness by analyzing cases. Results of this study have shown that placeness of living space is formed by three factors as follows. First, the living space with placesness maintains inner order which structuralizes surroundings. Second, it expresses its identity through innate shape that reflects surroundings. Third, inner space has innate identity and it is much related to characteristics personality of a resident, environmental and psychological factors. It is as follows that concrete features of existential placeness shown in analyzing cases of Botta and Moore's works. There are concrete expressional features of placeness in the housing of Botta, and one is to keep order of inner space the horizontal and vertical axis reflected surroundings. Another is to show existence feeling as the shape of a stable singular mass with surroundings and regional properties. The third is to value innate features of each space inside housing and particularly to acquire placeness as combining phenomenological characteristic of light. There are concrete expressional features of placeness in the housing of Moore, and first, strong centrality formed in the inside is emphasized as extending to outside environment. Second, existence feeling is acquired as familiar form using the shape and material considered surroundings. Third, the personality of a resident is positively reflected in the design. Besides, placeness is acquired by goods and furniture as positively considering environmental and psychological sides.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2020

This study aims to provide reference material for effective forest management techniques at the catchment scale, based on the field investigation of large woody debris (LWD) in 11 streams within a third-order forest catchment in Gangwon Province, Korea. To achieve this aim, we analyzed the morphological features of LWD pieces, and the storage and distribution status of LWD by stream order throughout the entire investigation. As a result, a total of 1,207 individual pieces of LWD were categorized into three types as follows: (ⅰ) 1,142 pieces (95%) as only trunk and 65 pieces (5%) as a trunk with root wad, (ⅱ) 1,015 pieces (84%) as non-thinned and 192 pieces (16%) as the thinned, and (ⅲ) 1,050 pieces (87%) as conifer and 157 pieces (13%) as broadleaf. Additionally, in-stream LWD loads (㎥/ha) decreased with increasing stream order, yielding 105.4, 71.3, and 35.6 for first-, second-, and third-order streams, respectively. On the other hand, the ratio of LWD jams to the total LWD volume increased with increasing stream order, yielding 11%, 43%, and 49% for first-, second-, and third-order streams, respectively. Finally, a comparison of the in-stream LWD load with previous studies in several countries around the world indicated that in-stream LWD load was positively correlated with forest stand age even though the climate, topography, forest soil type, forest composition, stand growth rate, disturbance regime, and forest management practices were different. These results could contribute to understanding the significance of LWD as a by-product of forest ecosystems and an indicator of riparian forest disturbance. Based on this, we conclude that advanced forest management techniques, including treatment of thinning slash and stand density control of riparian forest by site location (hillslope and riparian zone, or stream order), should be established in the future, taking the forest ecosystem and the aquatic environment from headwater streams to low land rivers into consideration.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to guide and apply gettable and accessible materials around everyday life into classroom instruction, and to find out their effects on student academic achievement. In order to achieve it, this study was tried to develop and guide available materials around life in teaming activities, to provide a preliminary assignment that could apply the available materials, and to compare its academic achievement to one from field trip loaming. For the hypothesis testing, first, the experimental and comparing classes were selected based on the results of basic learning diagnostic evaluation, which conducted by the researcher being served as a full-time science teacher of the third and sixth grade of K elementary school in Kwangju for 2 years. Secondly, the instructional use of the available materials around life was applied to the experimental class. Also, the instructional use of the existing materials was applied to the comparing class. Finally, for the testing of the effects on academic achievement, the posterio test was implemented after conducting the experimental instruction in knowledge·understanding, inquiry process, and attitude domains classified by the unit characteristics. Using SPSS/WIN program the t-test was performed in order to compare the differences between the two groups. Major findings were as follows: 1) In the achievement test of knowledge·understanding domain, there were no significant differences at the 5％ level between the experimental and comparing classes. It could be difficult to say, therefore, that the instructional use of the available materials around life was more effective than the instructional use of the existing materials. However, it had some effects on differences between the third grade final achievement test and sixth grade experimental class. 2) In the achievement test of inquiry process domain, there were some significant differences in that the sixth grade experimental class was higher than the third grade out-of classroom experience unit. It was indicated that the instructional use of the available materials around life had some effects on improving the students' inquiry ability 3) In achievement test of attitude domain, there were some significant differences. It was shown that the self-evaluation test of the sixth grade experimental class unit was higher than that of the third grade out-of classroom experience unit; Especially, the learning activities in the experimental class were more active, and the experimental practice ability was improved. It was presented that the instructional use of the available materials around life had some effects on the students' academic achievement in attitude domain. It was concluded from this study that the instructional use of the available materials around life was less effective on Knowledge understanding domain, but was effective on improving their scientific inquiry ability and interest on science education.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.416-419
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• 2006

Not only is home a place, but also it has psychological and social meaning. Then the meaning of home is different according to geographical location or group. Therefore, under this background, the purpose of this study was to analyze the meaning of home of the university students. The data was collected through the students ' essay about "the meaning of housing for me". The samples are 158 in total. The research method which was performed in order to recognize the meaning of home was a content analysis . As the results of study, the meaning of home are 10 in total. First order is a home as a refuge, second order is a home as a space with a family, and third order is a home as a base of activity.

• Proceedings of the Society of Korea Industrial and System Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.163-170
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• 2002

In the form of B2C transaction, making an on-line order by using the website increases rapidly. An off-line order at the whole sale outlets is geometrically increasing. However, it is so true that both types of market are showing a tendency to become computerization. As to apply this type of computerized B2B transaction to this kind of large scale wholesale outlets, the most important fact to be considered is that there must have no data error. In addition to this, an accurate counting of actual stock is a precondition to decide a suitable amount of production and a timely delivery of goods. In this study, reducing elements of the risk that may create a difference In between actual stock and that in the computer, the integrated B2B ordering system is designed by taking actual cases an example in order to manage the information for a sale, which is conducted by various system in the large scale wholesale outlets such as E-mart, Carefour or the same kinds.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.278-285
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• 1999

This paper is concerned with the development of useful engineering techniques to detect and anlayse nonlinearities in mechanical systems. The methods developed are based on the concepts of higher order spectra. The study of higher order statistics has been dominated by work on the bispectrum. The bispectrum can be viewed as a decomposition of the third moment(skewness) of a quadratic phase coupling(QPC) can be analyzed by bicoherence function. Finally, the application of these techiques to data from actual mechanical systems will be performed insecond report.