• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2011

This study investigated, using the Orbscan II topography system, the influence of age and sex related changes on the corneal thickness and anterior corneal curvature, more specifically the fine structure of the cornea, in a Korean young population. The Orbscan II topography system is a computer-assisted slit-beam scanning technology that can map the anterior section of the cornea. The mean central corneal thickness of all subjects was $547.532{\pm}44.529\;{\mu}m$. There was no statistical difference (p>0.5) in the mean central corneal thickness between males and females. Sex and age related changes in the mean central corneal thickness had no specific statistical difference (P>0.5). There was a negative correlation between the anterior corneal curvature and the central corneal thickness in all subjects, except for the twenty year olds. However, the thickness relationship between the mean central corneal and the eight paracentral corneal thicknesses had strong statistical differences in all subjects. Also age and sex related changes in the central corneal thickness and the anterior corneal curvature in all subjects had no statistically significant difference, except from 20-26 years old (p>0.05). This information could be a suitable reference basis for future studies in the young population of Asia and for the development of examination tools for corneal refractive surgery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1157-1163
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• 2014

This study was conducted to observe the effects of gas composition in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the shelf-life of Longissimus dorsi of Korean Native Black Pigs-Duroc Crossbred ($KNP{\times}D$) during refrigerated storage. Muscle sample was obtained from the left side of carcass of seven months old of $KNP{\times}D$ barrow. The sample was sliced into 1 cm in thickness, placed on trays (two slices/tray) and filled with different gas composition, i.e. 0:20:80/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP1), 30:20:50/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP2) and 70:20:10/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ (MAP3). Other slices of sample were vacuum packed (VP) as a control. All packs were stored at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. At 12 d of storage, pH value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and pH value of MAP1 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP. At 6 d of storage, redness ($a^*$) value of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than that of VP and MAP1 and, at 9 and 12 d of storage, redness value of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of VP, MAP1, and MAP2. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, the 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of MAP3 was higher than that of MAP2 and TBARS value of MAP2 was higher than that of VP and MAP1. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage, volatile basic nitrogen values of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1. At 3 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP2 and MAP3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of VP and MAP1 and, at 6 d of storage, total aerobic plate counts of MAP3 was higher (p<0.05) than that of MAP1 and MAP2. However, there was no significant different total aerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 at 9 and 12 d of storage. There was no significant different total anaerobic plate count among MAP1, MAP2, and MAP3 during storage. It is concluded that the MAP containing 30:20:50/$O_2:CO_2:N_2$ gas composition (MAP2) might be ideal for better meat quality for $KNP{\times}D$ meat.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.378-381
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• 2002

We retrieved the aerosol optical thickness $\tau$$_{a}$ over land from Landsat-7/ETM+ image data using the correlation between the visible reflectance and middle IR reflectance. This band correlation method for aerosol retrieval was originally proposed fur MODIS data analysis by Kaufman et al.(1977). The results of retrieved aerosol optical thickness $\tau$$_{a}$ from Landsat-7/ETM+ data were compared with the simultaneous sky observation data at our study site. We found a good agreement between the retrieved and observed values. We presented the distribution maps of the aerosol optical thickness over land, retrieved from Landsat-7/ETM+ image data. Then, the surface reflectance map was also presented. The aerosol optical thickness over sea was retrieved assuming no reflected contribution from sea in the near IR band. In addition, we discussed some limitations when we apply the band correlation method.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.412-418
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• 2005

The tube thickness map of water wall has been measured in a commercial circulating fluidized bed combustor (200 ton steam/hr, $4.97{\times}9.90{\times}28.98m$ height) with ultrasonic method and tube erosion has been discussed. Severe tube erosion took place in the splash region on all waterwalls including wingwalls. Erosion on the lower part of front and rear walls, close to both side walls, was more serious than other places. Erosion of some tubes around the gas exit was found to be noticible. Tube erosion increased on the wingwall as the position of the tube become closer to the center of the combustor crosssection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.391-397
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• 2015

Two hundred and sixteen Institut de S$\acute{e}$lection Animale (ISA) brown layers (40 wks of age) were studied for 6 wks to examine the effect of microalgae powder (MAP) on egg production, egg quality, blood lipid profile, and fatty acid concentration of egg yolk. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON (basal diet), ii) 0.5% MAP (CON+0.5% Schizochytrium powder), and iii) 1.0% MAP (CON+1.0% Schizochytrium powder). From 44 to 46 wks, egg production was higher in 1.0% MAP treatment than in control treatment (linear, p = 0.034); however, there was no difference on the egg production from 40 to 43 wks (p>0.05). Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the groups fed with MAP, compared to those in groups fed with control diets (Quadratic, p = 0.034 and p = 0.039, respectively). Inclusion of 0.5% MAP in the diet of layers improved egg yolk color, compared with hens fed with basal diet at 46 wks (quadratic, p = 0.044). Eggshell thickness was linearly increased in MAP-fed treatments at 46th wk (p<0.05). Concentration of yolk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) was increased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). The n-6 fatty acids, n-6/n-3 fatty acid, and unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid were decreased in treatment groups fed with MAP (linear, p<0.05). These results suggest that MAP improved the egg production and egg quality, and may affect serum lipid metabolites in the layers. In addition, MAP increases yolk DHA levels, and deceases n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.343-349
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• 2007

This paper addressed a recognition method of land registration map based on fuzzy inference scheme, which is able to solve the time complexity problem of typical method [Fig. 2]. Not only line color, thickness but also number, character are used as a fuzzy input parameter. It concentrated on generation of fuzzy association map, and useful informations are extracted result from fuzzy inference. These results are precedent process for estimating the construction space and restoring 3D automatic modeling. It can also utilize to the internet service acceleration propulsion business such as u-Gov based land registration service.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.226-230
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• 2008

A comparison was made of the effect of different packaging materials on storability of mixed sprout vegetables (alfalfa, broccoli, cabbage, radish, and red radish) stored at $8^{\circ}C$. They were packaged by several kinds of films that were 50 fm thickness low-density polyethylene film (PE 50), 50 fm thickness polypropylene film (PP 50), $50{\mu}m$ thickness ceramic film (CE 50), $25{\mu}m$ thickness ceramic film (CE 25), $10\sim13{\mu}m$ thickness polyethylene film (wrap), and polyethylene terephthalate box with ventilation hole (box). The fresh weight of mixed sprouts packaged with different materials decreased below to 2% except box packages that decreased around 7% compared with initial weight. The atmospheres that were developed inside the different materials during storage differed significantly. The carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration of packages were kept properly with 5% in CE 25, but the PE 50 and CE 50 treatments showed higher carbon dioxide and lower oxygen concentration. So the off-flavor of mixed sprouts was more severe in the PE 50 and CE 50 treatment. The ethylene concentration of packages showed lowest in box treatment, followed by PP 50, wrap and CE 25 treatment. The overall quality of mixed sprouts was lower in PE 50 and CE 50 than CE 25 treatment after 10 days storage, supposed to be resulted from highest ethylene concentration and lowest oxygen concentration. Conclusionally, the CE 25 film that showed below 1% fresh weight loss, 5% carbon dioxide, 5% oxygen and below 4 ppm ethylene concentration in package may be a proper packaging material for mixed sprout vegetables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 1999

In this paper, we suggest a virtual machining system that can simulate cutting forces of ball end milling at the stage of part design. Cutting forces, here, are estimated from the machanistic model that uses the concept of specific cutting farce coefficient. To this end, we need undeformed chip thickness which is used for calculating chip load. It is derived from the Z-map data of a CAD model. That is, chip load is the height difference between the cutting tool and the workpiece at an arbitrary position. The tool contact point is referred from the cutter location data. On the other hand, the workpiece height is acquired from the Z-map model of a CAD data. From the experimental verification, we can simulate machining process effectively to the slot and the side cutting of ball end mill.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.165-169
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• 2004

Marine magnetic survey were carried out at Sokotra Basin offshore Korea between latitudes $31^{\circ}$ 42'32' N and $32^{\circ}$ 46'29' N, and longitudes $123^{\circ}$ 56'26" E and $125^{\circ}$ 49'16" E in order to estimate the depth of basement complex and as well as to configure it surface and produce the thickness of sedimentary sequence at the study area. Two methods have been used for depth estimation and basement configuration: the power spectrum and the 3-D analytical signal. The estimated depths resulted from the power spectrum method range from 1.4 km to 6.0 km for deep sources (basement troughs), and from 0.3 km to 1.75 km for shallow source (basement peaks). An isopach map was prepared for estimating the thickness of the sedimentary sequence at the study area; it ranges from 1.2 to 4.66 km. The estimated depths resulted from the analytic signal method range from 1.0 to 6 km. A basement configuration map was constructed for the study area in the basin. They show a well agreement with the geology of the study area.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.818-822
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop realistic painting simulation in real-time as well as to represent the thickness of the deposited paint on the surface. The Gaussian model is used for a painting deposition model to calculate the thickness of paints. For a painting simulation, rather than implementing particle systems, we propose a new heuristic algorithm for painting process based on a few number of rays. After we find the collision points of the rays with an environment, we compute the painted area using flood-fill searching method on the texture map and visualize paint effects. We analyzed time complexity of our method to verify that our system is suitable for real-time VR applications.