• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2012

Objectives : Indirect moxibustion is one of the thermotherapy in Korean medicine and buffer of ginger and mankshood slice are common materials to be used. However it is difficult to control the power of thermal stimulation and the stimulation is greatly influenced by the characteristic of buffer. So we research on the buffer characteristic of indirect moxibustion according to the thickness, diameter and water content changes. Methods : We used thermocouples to measure temperature from surface to depth of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14mm on tissue model and calculated peak temperature($^{\circ}C$). The data were analyzed with student t-test and one-way ANOVA(p<0.05). Results : 1. The peak temperature of indirect moxibustion with ginger were determined by thickness of ginger slice and temperature changes according to the thickness at intervals of 1mm but according to the diameter at intervals of 4mm. 2. The peak temperature of indirect moxibustion with mankshood were determined by thickness of mankshood slice also. The peak temperature of mankshood moxibustion was higher than that of ginger moxibustion. 3. In this study, 2mm-thick-ginger slice and 3mm-thick-mankshood slice were suitable for indirect moxibustion. Variation in the thickness of which is more efficient to control the power of thermal stimulation on indirect moxibustion. 4. The more water loss we got on ginger slice, the higher peak temperature we measured at the surface of moxibustion. But the thermal stimulation was not conducted more than 2mm in the depth. 5. The thickness and water content of buffer are important in indirect moxibustion. Conclusions : The temperature of indirect moxibustion depends on the thickness of buffer than the diameter of it. Therefore, it is more efficient according to the thickness of buffer so that we control the power of thermal stimulation. And water content of buffer is one of the important factor in indirect moxibustion.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.369-376
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• 2001

As many studies have performed to reduce thermal cracking in mass concrete, it is already prepared against thermal cracking, we can find many plans against thermal cracking in several reference book. But it needs practical guidelines to be available in construction site. In this study to establish control method of thermal cracking in mass concrete, tests which have factors of placing thickness and curing method of concrete are performed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.23-28
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• 2002

This paper reports the performance results of hydration heat control of mass concrete walls with pipe cooling system. The thickness of walls ranged from 0.9 to 2.2m. In order to investigate the effect of pipe cooling on the thermal and thermal crack characteristics, the pipe cooling was conducted for 42 walls, and the investigation of thermal cracks was conducted for 14 walls. Based on the investigation, the pipe cooling method decreased the peak temperature of about 13-2$0^{\circ}C$ and the thermal crack width of about 30% for mass concrete walls.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2019

Thermal insulation performance of new insulation packaging made of recycled PET nonwoven (thickness : 10 mm) was verified by conducting comparative experiment with an EPS box (thickness : 25 mm) and a double wall corrugated box (thickness : 7 mm). Three ice packs (300 g) were positioned 200 mm above the bottom inside each box, all of which are placed side by side and temperature change of 2 points (5mm under middle icepack and 130 mm under middle icepack) was recorded by data logger (GL-840, Graphtec) for 16 hours under the environment of 29℃. The new packaging box showed 75% higher insulation performance than the EPS box and 180% higher than the corrugated box. In order to figure out the reason for insulation performance difference among boxes, thermal conductivities of each box material were measured using heat flow meter (HFM436 lamda, Netzsch). U-value (thermal conductivity divided by thickness) of EPS was lower than recycled pet nonwoven by 57%, which seemed to be opposite to the result of insulation test of boxes. This was explained by high water vapor transmission rate of EPS (6 times higher than PET insulation) and air pocket effect of PET insulation.

• 대한화상학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.43-45
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• 2021

Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) has been used as a safe, conventional and harmless diagnostic tool. However, thermal injuries have frequently been reported during MRI scanning due to the heat generated by the reaction with the magnetic field. It is recommended that metal-containing monitoring devices such as pulse oximetry and ECG monitoring leads should be removed prior to the start of the MRI scan, but these monitoring devices are inevitably placed in children or patients in the intensive care unit who have low compliance with the scan. Since the interaction between the metal probe or wire loop of pulse oximetry and the magnetic field can result in high thermal conduction, full-thickness burn can occur over the entire body surface during the MRI examination. Several cases of thermal burns from pulse oximetry on the fingers have been reported. However, we present a case of a full-thickness burn arising left earlobe in a 2-month-old child caused by the high conduction heat from pulse oximetry metal probe.

• Composites Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 탄소섬유 강화 플라스틱(CFRP)에 얇은 구리 필름(Cu film)이 배치된 hybrid composite이 제안되었으며, 두께방향 열전도도가 최대가 될 수 있는 Cu film 배치조합을 도출하는데 양자 어닐링(Quantum Annealing)이 적용되었다. CFRP의 각 ply와 Cu film간의 상관관계 분석이 유한요소 해석을 통해 수행되었으며, 수행된 결과를 바탕으로 조합 최적화 문제가 정의되었다. 정의된 문제를 양자 어닐링에 임베딩하기 위한 공식화 과정이 진행되었으며 이를 통해 CFRP의 각 ply에 투입될 수 있는 Cu film 수량에 관한 목적함수와 제약조건이 수식으로 구현되었다. 공식화된 수식은 D-Wave 양자 어닐러에 임베딩되기 위해 Ocean SDK(software development kit)와 Leap을 통해 프로그래밍 되었으며, 양자 어닐링 과정을 통해 두께 방향 열전도도가 최대를 만족하는 최적의 Cu film 배치 조합이 도출되었다. 도출된 배치 조합은 투입될 수 있는 Cu film의 수량이 적어질수록 단순한 배치 형태를 나타내었으며, 수량이 많아질수록 세밀한 배치를 보였다. Cu film의 배치 수량에 따라 생성된 최적 조합들은 두께 방향으로의 고유 열전도 경로를 나타내었으며, Cu film의 횡방향 배치 자유도가 두께 방향 열전도도 결과에 민감하게 나타날 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2003

Resistance distribution in thin film type SFCL elements of different shunt layer thickness was investigated. The 300 nm thick film of 2 inch diameter was coated with a gold layer and patterned into 2 mm wide meander lines. The shunt layer thickness was varied by ion milling the shunt layer with Ar ions, and also by having the shunt layer grown in different thickness. The SFCL element was subjected to simulated AC fault current for measurements. It was immersed in liquid nitrogenduring the experiment. The resistance distribution was not affected by the shunt layer thickness at applied voltages that brought the temperature of the elements to similar values. This result could be explained with the concept of heat transfer from the film to the surroundings. The resistance distribution was independent of the shunt layer thickness because thick sapphire substrates of high thermal conductivity dominated the thermal conductance of the elements.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 1993년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.99-100
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• 1993

Calorimetric (D.S.C) studies were carried out on the nylon 4,6 single crystals grown from 1,4-butanediol solution at various crystallisation temperatures, based on the assessment of the lamellar thickness by small angle x-ray scattering. Samples were annealed mainly ot get rid of residual solvents inside the crystals. The effect of annealing on the crystal perfection is inferred from the measured thermal properties of the crystals. Accordig to the scanning rates less than 80 K/min., D. S C. melting peaks indicate that changes in the internal morphology of nylon 4,6 crystals preapred at different crystallisation temeratures yield a thermodynamic melting temperature. Tm, of 319 $^{\circ}C$, for the infinitely extended crystal thickness (1/ι). The obtained heat of fusion value for the inginite crystal thickness, Ho, was 270 J/g from the plot of measured feat of fusion ($\Delta$Hm) vs. reciprocal crystal thickness (1/ι). based on these values, the fold surface energy, $\delta$e. of 65.4 erg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ was obtained from Hoffman-Waeeks equation. The thermodynamic melting temperature and heat of fusion of the infinite crystal thickness for the solution grow nylon 4,6 single crystals are found to be higher than of the reported corresponding solution grown nylon 6,6 single crystals. pbtained crystallinity from D. S. C measurements ranges from 40 to 50 %, which is close to the reported yalue for the nylon 6,6 single ctystals but lower than we expected.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1518-1527
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• 2023

A method was proposed for in-situ evaluating the thickness and resistivity of the oxide/hydroxide film formed on the surface of aluminum alloy exposed to sump water formed in the containment after a loss-of-coolant accident. The evaluation entailed fitting a model for the film impedance, which has film thickness and other variables describing the resistivity profile of the film along its thickness direction as fitting parameters, to the practically measured electrochemical impedance data. The obtained resistivity profiles implied that the films formed at pHs_25℃ 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 all had a duplex structure; compared to the outer layer in contact with the solution, the inner layer of the film had a much higher resistivity and was inferred to be denser and provide most of the protectiveness of the film. Both the thickness and the total resistance of the film decreased with the increasing solution pH_25℃, suggesting that the films formed in more alkaline solutions had less protectiveness against corrosion, consistent with the increasing aluminum alloy corrosion rates previously identified.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to study on the effect of surface coating on thermal insulation of farm structures to improve thermal resistance and reflective effect of solar radiation. Nine different types of experimental specimen were compared in the temperature variations of inside and outside; A, B, C, D. E and F types are box container and G, H and I types are drum container. The size of these containers is $1,500{\times}2,000{\times}2,500$ mm and ${\varphi}$ $280{\times}330$ mm, respectively. Specimen of 3-type box(A, B, C) is galvanized steel sheet of thickness 0.45 mm. D, E and F types are sandwich panel of the thickness 50 mm inserted with urethane, glass wool and polystyrene form, respectively. G, H and I types are paint pot using in general. The surface of A. D, E, F and I types didn't any treatment, B, C and G types were treated with thermal insulation coating on the outside surface(B, G) or the inside and outside surface(C). And H type was treated with water paint coating on the only outside surface. In general, the experimental results showed the following tendencies; In case of A, B and C types. it was found that the thermal insulation effect of types coated with thermal insulation coating was improved remarkably than that of no treatment. And the thermal insulation effect between steel sheet and sandwich panel type was nearly similar There was not a significant difference of thermal insulation effect between thermal insulation coating and water paint coating. In time of drum container filled with rough rice, The difference of heat transfer tendency and temperature variation among surface treatments was nearly similar that of box types of galvanized steel sheet. And there was time lag about 6 hours between the temperature of middle part of rice and that of inside or outside surface.