• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.423-423
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• 2009

Currently, lasers are one of the most popular light sources in use for medical treatment. Many studies on low power lasers are being done in cell culture or through animal tests and most report different findings, making it difficult to verify their true effects. There are shifts in trends of studies from laser and LED that are expensive and generate heat problem to LED that are economically effective and safe. Its near infrared rays can penetrate deep into skin or muscle, up to 23 cm, without causing thermal damage or impairing neighboring tissues. This study verified the performance and effectiveness of an LED irradiator that was designed to emit similar wavelengths to that of a laser and thus could be used instead of a low level laser therapy in experiments on animals. And then, each experiment was performed to irradiation group and non-irradiation group for NTacSam:SD tissue cells. MIT assay method was chosen to verify the cell increase of two groups and the effect of irradiation on cell proliferation was examined by measuring 590nm transmittance of ELISA reader. As a result, the cell increase of NTacSam:SD tissue cells was verified in irradiation group as compared to non-irradiation group. The fact that specific wavelength irradiation has an effect on cell vitality and proliferation is known through this study.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.227-234
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• 2014

Purpose: Dentin hypersensitivity is a potential threat to oral health. Laser irradiation may provide reliable and reproducible treatment but remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of $CO_2$ or erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser therapy, and to assess mineral content. Methods: Eighteen human single-rooted teeth affected with advanced periodontitis were obtained. Buccal and lingual surfaces were planed to form 36 specimens. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gel (24%) was applied to remove the smear layer and simulate hypersensitive teeth. The experimental groups were: group 1, control (no irradiation); group 2, $CO_2$ laser (repetitive pulsed mode, 2 W, $2.7J/cm^2$); and group 3, Er:YAG laser (slight contact mode, 40 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz). To evaluate dentinal tubule occlusion, six specimens per group (2-mm thickness) were prepared and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for calculation of the occlusion percentage. To evaluate the mineral content, six specimens per group (0.6-mm thickness) were used, and then the levels of Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. In addition, the surface temperature of the specimens during laser irradiation was analyzed by a thermograph. Results: The SEM photomicrographs indicated melted areas around exposed dentinal tubules and a significantly greater percentage of tubular occlusion in the $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser groups than the control, and in the Er:YAG group than the $CO_2$ laser group. In addition, no significant differences were noted among the experimental groups for the mineral elements analyzed. The $CO_2$ laser group showed an evident thermal effect compared to the Er:YAG group. Conclusions: $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser are effective in treating dentin hypersensitivity and reducing its symptoms. However, the Er:YAG laser has a more significant effect; thus, it may constitute a useful conditioning item. Furthermore, neither $CO_2$ nor Er:YAG lasers affected the compositional structure of the mineral content.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.678-684
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• 2009

It was reported that Dipsaci Radix has decrease pain effect on the Complex Region Pain Syndrome(CRPS). the CRPS was induced by unilateral loose occlusion in 4 part of the sciatic nerve of the rats. For the fingding significantly change on CRPS rats were divided into 4 different experimental groups. and each groups were induced CRPS. Experimental group I (control group; n=15), experimental group II (100 mg/kg Dipsaci Radix dieted rats; n=15), experimental group III (300 mg/kg Dipsaci Radix dieted rats; n=15), and experimental group IV(500 mg/kg Dipsaci Radix dieted rats; n=15). The study of Dipsaci Radix concentration was that foot withdrawal threshold to the thermal stimuli(Hot plate test), foot withdrawal threshold to the mechanical stimuli(von Frey's filament) and immunohistochemistry staining that were substance P. Hot plate test and von Frey Filament were increase in experimental group II, III, IV than group I, especially group III was most significantly change than group II and IV in post-hoc(Duncan's multiple range). and In immunohistochemistry observation; group I showed increase in the group II, III, IV. especially group III had the minimal level of the substance P expression while the experimental group II, III. These results suggested that the Dipsaci Radix dieted made the decrease of pain in CRPS.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2005

In general, the function limitation of the burned hand is determined by the thermal injury; however, infection, pressure necrosis, inactivity, poor positioning, subsequent scarring and contractures are intimately related to functional disability. The goal of treatment of the burned hand is the prevention of deformities and maintainance of function. Objective : This study of the Acupuncture therapeutic effect on the burned hand will suggest another treatment plan for the more effective therapy. Methods : To heal the burned hand, we used Acupuncture therapy as Banja-technic(半刺法) Moja-technic(毛刺法). Results & Conclusions : Authors reviewed 1 patient who had received only Acupuncture treatment for the burned hand. The burned hand of the patient was healed in about 11 days by only Acupuncture treatment.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.145-156
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was resigned to observe change of body temperature for patients with low back muscular pain after NUGA MRT-II(pulsed electromagnetic therapy) treatment. Methods: This study was a randomized, patient-assessor blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial study. After the approval of institutional review board(IRB), we have recruited 38 patients suffering from low back muscular pain and divided them into two groups randomly: the treatment group and control group. To the treatment group, NUGA MRT-II was practiced and to the control group sham device was practiced and their low back muscles and acupuncture points three times a week for 2 weeks from February 2011 to May 2011. After 1 week of last treatment, We compared body temperature of two groups. Results: 1. There was significant decrease of body temperature on both Shinsu(BL23), Chishil(BL52), Kwanwonsu(BL26) acupunture points for the treatment group. 2. There was no difference in the decrease of body temperature between treatment group and control group except. Left Kwanwonsu(BL26). Conclusions: We found out that treatment of NUGA MRT-II on low back muscular pain can reduce the temperature of low back.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2022

Background: Neurokinin-1 (NK1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) play a vital role in pain pathogenesis, and these proteins' antagonists have attracted attention as promising pharmaceutical candidates. The authors investigated the anti-nociceptive effect of co-administration of the CGRP antagonist and an NK1 antagonist on pain models compared to conventional single regimens. Methods: C57Bl/6J mice underwent sciatic nerve ligation for the neuropathic pain model and were injected with 4% formalin into the hind paw for the inflammatory pain model. Each model was divided into four groups: vehicle, NK1 antagonist, CGRP antagonist, and combination treatment groups. The NK1 antagonist aprepitant (BIBN4096, 1 mg/kg) or the CGRP antagonist olcegepant (MK-0869, 10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. Mechanical allodynia, thermal hypersensitivity, and anxiety-related behaviors were assessed using the von Frey, hot plate, and elevated plus-maze tests. The flinching and licking responses were also evaluated after formalin injection. Results: Co-administration of aprepitant and olcegepant more significantly alleviated pain behaviors than administration of single agents or vehicle, increasing the mechanical threshold and improving the response latency. Anxiety-related behaviors were also markedly improved after dual treatment compared with either naive mice or the neuropathic pain model in the dual treatment group. Flinching frequency and licking response after formalin injection decreased significantly in the dual treatment group. Isobolographic analysis showed a meaningful additive effect between the two compounds. Conclusions: A combination pharmacological therapy comprised of multiple neuropeptide antagonists could be a more effective therapeutic strategy for alleviating neuropathic or inflammatory pain.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.1970-1978
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to optimize the target, moderator, and collimator (TMC) in a neutron beam generator for the accelerator-based BNCT (A-BNCT) system. The optimization employed the Monte Carlo Neutron and Photon (MCNP) simulation. The optimal geometry for the target was decided as the one with the highest neutron flux among nominates, which were called as angled, rib, and tube in this study. The moderator was optimized in terms of consisting material to produce appropriate neutron energy distribution for the treatment. The optimization of the collimator, which wrapped around the target, was carried out by deciding the material to effectively prevent the leakage radiations. As results, characteristic of the neutron beam from the optimized TMC was compared to the recommendation by the International Atomic Energy Agent (IAEA). The tube type target showed the highest neutron flux among nominates. The optimal material for the moderator and collimator were combination of Fluental (Al₂0₃+AlF₃) with ⁶⁰Ni filter and lead, respectively. The optimized TMC satisfied the IAEA recommendations such as the minimum production rate of epithermal neutrons from thermal neutrons: that was 2.5 times higher. The results can be used as source terms for shielding designs of treatment rooms.

• Atmosphere
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.187-202
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• 2024

We analyzed the observed characteristics of monoterpene and developed an empirical formula for monoterpene concentration in the pine-dominated mixed forest of the National Center for Forest Therapy. Monoterpene was measured at 0800, 1200 and 1700 LST once a month using sorbent tube sampling coupled with thermal desorption gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Monoterpene concentration is low in winter and shows a maximum in June and July. The major components of monoterpene are alpha-pinene, camphene and beta-pinene. During the warm period from May to November, monoterpene concentration is higher at 0800 and 1700 LST than at 1200 LST. The empirical formula takes into account the vegetation variables, temperature-controlled emission, oxidation processes and dilution by wind. The vegetation variable accounts for the difference in observed monoterpene concentration between two sites. The observed monoterpene concentration normalized by the vegetation variable increases exponentially with air temperature. The oxidation process explains the lower monoterpene concentration at 1200 LST than at 0800 and 1700 LST during the warm period. The monoterpene estimates using the empirical formula shows a correlation of 0.52 with the observation for the development period (2018~2020), while it shows a correlation of 0.72 for the validation year (2021). Such higher correlation for the validation year than for the development period is due to the fact that variability of monoterpene concentration is better explained by air temperature in 2021 than in the development period. However, the developed formula underestimates the monoterpene concentration in May and June, showing the limitation in accurately capturing the monthly variation of monoterpene.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.377-380
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effects of foliage plants on the changes of indoor thermal- and hygro- environments, experiments were carried out in two rooms with similar physical factors. Changes of indoor environmental parameters according to the existence of plants, their arrangement methods, and the existence of wrapseal for protecting the loss of water from the pot soil were measured during certain periods in winter and summer season, using Pachira aquatica which is widely used as indoor plant and has higher photosynthetic and traspiration rate than other foliage plants. The data suggested that the existence of plants didn't affect directly on the indoor thermal environment, while relative humidity increased about 3~5%, regardless of season, by putting plants which had volume equivalent to 2.4% of room volume. In summer, there was no difference in increasing effect of relative humidity between parallel arrangement with window and spread arrangement in the room, but in winter the former arrangement was more effective than the later.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.199-199
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• 2013

The distinctive cellular and mitochondrial dysfunctions of a human epithelial lung cancer cell line (H460) from a human lung fibroblastic normal cell line (MRC5) have been studied by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment. The DBD plasma device have generated large amount of H2O2 and NOx in culture media which is dependent on plasma exposure time. It is found that the cell number of lung cancer cell H460 has been reduced more than the lung normal cell MRC5 as being increased exposure and incubation time. Also these both cell lines have showed mitochondria fragmentation under 5 minutes' plasma exposure, which is a clue of apoptosis. It is noted in this study that AnnexinV staining has showed not only early apoptosis, but also late apoptosis in lung cancer cell H460. Mitochondria enzyme activity and ATP generation have been also much reduced in lung cancer cell H460. Their mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\psi}m$) has been found to be reduced in magnitude and shifted to the induced-potential level of cccp, while MRC5 mitochondrial membrane potential has been shifted slightly to that. These distinctively selective responses of lung cancer cell H460 from lung normal cell MRC5 gives us possibility of applying plasma to cancer therapy.