• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.544-549
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• 2002

By the movable thermal manikin developed by China Dong Hua university, the laws of clothing thermal insulation influenced by dressing poses are studied. It is found that $I_a$ on nude thermal manikin has no relation to testing pose as a whole (notable level is 5%), while the change of testing pose influences $I_a$ value on parts of body obviously. The testing result $I_{cle}$ on clothed thermal manikin has relation to testing pose. The $I_{cle}$ value of the whole body in seated pose decreases 20 percent compared with that in standing pose (notable level is 1%). In view of heat transmission theory, the reasons are pointed out based on the knowledge of heat transmission.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2008

Transient thermal response of five types of underwear(cotton jersey, wool jersey, nylon jersey, cotton mesh and polyester mesh) for a protective coverall is evaluated using a sweating thermal manikin. Experimental protocol for transient thermal response of the sweating thermal manikin was also proposed. As results, it was found that steady state thermal response from sweating thermal manikin was not sensitive enough to evaluate thermal comfort of the experimental garments. However, when half time is used as an index of the heat flux change in transient thermal response, difference was found among underwear materials. Half time of cotton was the shortest and heat transfer of cotton was the fastest followed by polyester mesh, cotton jersey, nylon jersey and wool jersey. Dynamic thermal response of wool underwear was quite different from that of cotton underwear. Wool shows quite less heat flow at the initial stage, however, moisture permeability of wool was higher than cotton at the later stage. It was difficult to distinguish surface temperature difference visually using thermogram taken right before the completion of dry and wet test in steady state thermal response.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1095-1106
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• 2013

This study evaluated the wear comfort properties of water-vapor-permeable (WVP) garments using a movable sweating thermal manikin. Manikin tests were performed in a climatic chamber (temperature T=20, $35{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity $H=50{\pm}10%$) using seven sportswear outfits (a long sleeve shirts and a long pants) made with seven different WVP fabrics. Physiological responses of wear trials could be correlated with measurement parameters of the thermal manikin experiment; subsequently, a regression model that represented a final comfort sensation could be obtained. The regression model developed in this work is based on thermal manikin measurements; consequently, it provides an independent comfort sensation level in a relatively short time at a low cost while maintaining the reproducibility of results. It translates into more actual choices for sportswear manufacturers and sportswear consumers.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1110-1118
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• 1999

This study was to examine the effects of garment types on thermal insulation using a thermal manikin. cotton polyester wool silk and rayon were selected as outer wears like a blouse a skirt slacks and one-piece for this study Acetate was chosen as a lining. Brief and upper innerwear with long sleeves(cotton) were also chosen as the innerwear. The results were as follows: 1. The thermal insulation of the garment of single layer was in proportion to the covering area of garment in all types of clothing. 2. On adding the innerwear or the lining or both the thermal insulation of the each garment of single layer were showed a different trends by garment types. The thermal manikin insulations of one-piece dress adding the innerwear was higher than those of blouse-skirt suits. The thermal insulation of one-piece dress adding the innerwear and lining was lower than those of blouse-skirt suits. 3. The increasing rates of thermal insulation of multi-layered garments had different value by garment types but garment made of rayon and silk were showed very high increasing rates of thermal insulation. 4. The increasing rates of the thermal insulation of one-piece dress added the lining the innerwear or both except polyester showed the highest value and then blouse-slacks suits' turn came ound Blouse-skirt suits had the lowest the increasing rates of thermal insualition value.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.141-151
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• 1999

This study was carried out to examine the effects of textile materials for thermal insulation value using a thermal manikin. Cotton, polyester, wool, silk and rayon were selected as outer wears like blouses, skirts, slacks, and one-pieces. Acetate was chosen as a lining. Brief and long sleeve upper underwear(cotton) were chosen as the inner wears. The results were as follows; There were no significant differences among the materials in skirts and blouse-skirt suits by the thermal manikin. However blouses, slacks, one-pieces and blouse-slacks suits were showed the effects of materials. Blouse-slacks suits was showed the highest thermal insulation value and one-piece had the lowest thermal insulation value.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 1996

For determining thermal comfort properties of work suit in an atomic power plant, three different coverall ensembles (PVE, PET/Rayon, PP Nonwoven) were selected and the resistance to dry and evaporative heat transfer were measured for each ensemble by using a sweating thermal manikin. Also, PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD(Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) indices were predicted according to ISO 7730. As a result, ideal environmental conditions in an atomic power plant were suggested to make workers feel thermally comfortable. In addition, ideal intrinsic insulation values of coverall ensembles as a work suit under the present environmental conditions in the at6omic power plant were provided. The information given in this paper can be used to control environmental conditions in the atomic power plant thermally comfortable and to select a proper work suit for providing thermal comfort to the workers.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.683-689
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate physiological responses such as rectal temperature, skin temperature, micro climate, sweat rate and subjective sensations using cold protective clothing with five different clo value. The clo value was measured by thermal manikin in windless condition. Healthy five 20's males volunteered as subjects for wearing trial experiment. The climate chamber was controlled at $50^{\circ}C$, 65% RH. The experiment consisted of repeated exercise and recovery periods. We found that the higher clo value has, the higher mean skin temperature, micro climate and sweat rate show. They felt warm and wet with higher insulation clothing. Thermal comfort increased in the last recovery period after exercise. There was significant difference between five cold protective clothing. In correlation analysis of clo value, it showed that correlation coefficient(r) values were more than 0.8. Therefore, in terms of clothing insulation, we found that correlation between thermal manikin experiment and wearing trial experiment was high. Clothing insulation could be variable according to many factors such as body movement, covering area, clothing gap, layering and design. Considering the body movement, we thought that insulation measurement need to carry out both thermal manikin experiment and wearing trial experiment.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.295-303
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• 1989

This study is to measure the thermal resistance of 7 types of Parka of different materials with thermal manikin and to compare their effects on physiological responses & subjective wear sensations. Following are the results obtained from the experiments 1) From the thermal manikin experiment, i) As an outer layer, although not significant, water proof fabric was warmer than water proof-vapor permeable fabric. ii) In case of insulating material, down was better for thermal resistance than polyester wadding of the same thickness. Moreover, as the down was thicker, it had more efficiency in thermal resistance. However, the marginal efficiency of thickness was found to be decreasing. 2) From the male-subject experiments, i) Chest temperature, mean skin temperature & microclimate temperature showed the same results on thermal resistance as those of the thermal manikin experiment. ii) Only during rest periods, there was a significant difference among 5 insulating materials in the sense of microclimate humidity. The almost same conclusion was obtained from the above experiments. Even the outer layer did not significantly affect thermal resistance & subjective wear sensation, insulating materials had a significant influence upon them. But in case of 3.5 cm down, it gave less comfortable than that of the thinner. Therefore the optional one for the best comfort & thermal resistance among 7 combinatins is the outer layer of water proff-vapor permeable & insulating material of 2.1 cm down.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.119-127
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal properties of pesticide protective clothing made of three different nonwoven fabrics which have barrier properties of pesticide. In order to assay the thermal properties of experimental clothing, thermal resistance measurements for clo value and thermographic assessment were conducted using a surface temperature controlled thermal manikin. The thermal manikin was dressed with underwear and experimental clothing. Air temperature in a climate chamber was kept at $28^{\circ}C$ and its humidity was 70% RH. Air velocity was controlled at less than 0.15m/s. Inner radient temperature was almost equal to the air temperature. The basic thermal insulation value(Icl) of underwear was 0.28 clo. The thermal properties of the experimental clothing were varied according to the type of material used in construction. The basic clothing insulation value for C1(spunbonded nonwoven fabric), C2(spunlaced nonwoven fabric), C3(SMS nonwoven fabric) were 0.705 clo, 0.725 clo, 0.738 clo respectively. The C3 experimental clothing made of SMS resulted in higher surface temperatures than the others with more yellowing spots being evident on the thermogram.

• 감성과학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 써멀 마네킹 실험을 통해서 탄화지르코늄(ZrC) 혼입사로 만들어진 니트와 직물 의류의 발열 특성을 연구하였다. 써멀 마네킹 측정에 의한 감성 및 인지기능 열적특성이 분석되었으며 광발열 실험결과와 비교하였다. ZrC 혼입 직 편물의 표면온도는 일반 PET 직 편물 보다 각각 $4^{\circ}C$와 $2^{\circ}C$ 높은 값을 보였다. 그리고 이들 직 편물 의류의 광조사상태에서 써멀 마네킹 실험에 의한 발열특성을 나타내는 보온성 Clo치는 각각 0.18과 0.08 높은 값을 보였다. 이 결과는 이성분 필라멘트의 심사부에 혼입된 ZrC에서 방사된 원적외선에 기인 된 것을 $6{\mu}m{\sim}20{\mu}m$범위의 원적외선 방사강도 결과와 EDS 원소분석에 의해 확인함으로써 가능하였다. 그리고 ZrC 혼입에 의해 직물의 압축성이 낮아지고 굽힘강성이 높은 값을 보임으로써 촉감 특성은 다소 부족함을 보였다. 그러나 ZrC혼입 직 편물의 발열특성 발현을 써멀 마네킹 측정에 의해 확인함으로써 인텔리전트 의류로서의 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.