• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.88-93
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine theory about indoor thermal comfort-environment as well as to determine thermal sensation and physical responses for men in summer and winter indoor environment, under various air temperature and relative humidity, with male university students. Subjective Evaluation, Heart rate(Electrocardiogram, ECG), Electroencephalo gram(EEG) were examined. We found that comfort of people was achieved at SET*. 24.7$^{\circ}C$, -0.82${\alpha}$-wave) both in summer and in winter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

This paper reports on a prototype cooling garment applying a cooling module. The cooling module was composed of a Peltier device, a cold sink, a heat sink and two fans. A constant box was used to evaluate the cooling effect of the module. Two cooling modules were attached on each side of the garment. The wear trial was conducted using 10 male subjects in an environmental chamber maintained at $30{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}5%$RH. Subjective sensations of thermal, humidity, and comfort were surveyed. Statistical package SPSS12.0 was used for the t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed that most effective cooling module decreased the temperature of the constant temperature box by $-4.9^{\circ}C$. The micro-temperature of the cooling garment with a Peltier device was lower than the control garment during the exercise. In particular, the chest skin temperature was $1.5^{\circ}C$ lower with the cooling garment than the control. The maximum temperature difference was $-2.57^{\circ}C$ on the sides of the $1^{st}$ layer. Subjective thermal sensation from wear trials of the Peltier device attached garment was lower than the control garment. Subjects felt more comfortable with the cooling garment in almost all the periods.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1999

The actual clothing conditions were surveyed to diagnose clothing condition of collegians in the view point of adaptation to the thermal environment in fall. Then, clothing climate, physiological responses, and subjective sensation were investigated through wearing trials on human subjects in climatic chamber based on the results from the survey. Factors to evaluate validity of clothing condition were clothing weight, clothing climate, physiological responses of human body, and subjective sensation. Adaptability of this research to thermal environment was compared to the results of Toda's and Duno's of Japan, Chung's results of Korea rural area, and Winslow's clo value. The standard values for wearing trials were values at comfortable zone, such as $32{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ of temperature and $50{\pm}10%$ of humidity inside clothing, $36.5{\sim}37.3^{\circ}C$ of ear temperature and $32.2{\sim}34.3^{\circ}C$ of mean skin temperature. Clothing weight per body surface area was 680.9 $g/m^2$ in male and 526.7 $g/m^2$ in women. Cold resistance ability of collegians was superior to Japanese and American, and similar to rural male in Korea. According to the examination of clothing adaptability with clothing weight from the investigation on physiological responses and the actual clothing conditions survey, following were found. Temperature inside clothing ($29.8{\sim}32.3^{\circ}C$) was normal, and humidity inside clothing (32.2~54.8%) was at comfortable zone. Mean skin temperature was at its comfortable zone. Therefore, 615 $g/m^2$ in male and 525 $g/m^2$ in female were a desirable wearing condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was 1) to estimate the improvement of thermal storage/release and moisture transport properties of PEG-treated acrylic athletic socks and suggest the optimum add-on for PEG treatment, 2) to investigate wear performance of untreated cocks and two kinds of socks treated with PEG of minimum and optimum add-on respectively, and 3) to consider the effect of thermal storage/release and moisture transport properties of PEG- treated socks on the wear performance and the subjective comfort zone. Thermal activities of specimens treated by PDC were evaluated on a DSC by measuring the heat of fusion on heating and the heat of crystallization on cooling. Moisture regain, absorption speed, wickability, water retenti on value, and water-vapor permeability were measured. In the wear trials that the subjects performed a subsequent exercise protocol wearing three differently treated socks in a conditioned environment ($14\pm2^{\circ}C$, 65$\pm$2% R.H.), microclimate temperature and humidity, and subjective wear sensations including thermal sensation, wettedness, softness, fit, and overall comfort were obtained. PEC-treated specimens with more than 20% add-on showed thermal storage on heating and thermal release on cooling by a DSC and the heat contents of treated ones were generally proportional to the add-ons. Moisture transport properties were highly improved after PEG treatment and increased rapidly with increasing add-on. The tendencies were, however, relaxed above 50% add-on and the treated knits were much stiffer above that add-on. In the wear trials of untreated, PEG add-on 20%, and 50% acrylic socks, the changes of microclimate temperature of 50% socks were significantly less than that of 20% socks. PEG add-on 50% socks showed significantly less changes of microclimate humidity than other two kinds of socks. Three kinds of socks showed significant differences in overall comfort and add-on 50% socks were accepted more comfortable than other two kinds of socks. Comfort zone of foot was extended after PEG treatment on socks and it implied that the subjects wearing PEG- treated socks felt comfortable in wider ranges of microclimate temperature and humidity.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.23-28
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• 2007

In most existing research, it is difficult to evaluate thermal comfort exactly because of reflecting individual ideal or psychological response by subjective questions. Physiological variable was selected in this study to evaluate objectively thermal comfort. MST was appeared very sensitively in indoor temperature and can express correctly thermal comfort of human body. The results of CSV are different each individual feeling sensation, so is difficult to evaluate detailedly thermal comfort unlike TSV. But the results of PP, AIx, ED, SEVR are greatly related to temperature change. So thermal comfort is evaluated more objectively by using PP, AIx, ED, SEVR on behalf of TSV, CSV. Human body was presented physiological feedback by temperature impetus and specially, tendency of heart rate agree with temperature change. Physiological reaction was showed sufficient possibility availing evaluation index of thermal comfort. In the future another one needs to review beside the selected physiological variable.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.583-589
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• 2013

This study was to provide the information for optimum utilization of the air-conditioning system in the human health and energy saving perspective. Subjects were 17 male and female college students(7 males and 10 females) with normal weight. They wore a short sleeved shirt, knee length trousers, socks, and underwear(0.4clo). They were asked to choose the preferred temperature from different environmental temperatures($28^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$). The physiological responses were measured and the subjective sensation was voted during the step changes of environmental temperature, starting at $28^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ with $1^{\circ}C$ decrease every 20 minutes. The preferred temperature was $25.9{\pm}0.4^{\circ}C$ for males and $26.9{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ for females at $28^{\circ}C$ and $24.8{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$ for males and $25.6{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ for females at $25^{\circ}C$. The preferred temperature decreased about $1.3^{\circ}C$ while the environmental temperature changed $3^{\circ}C$. During the environmental step changes, mean skin temperature decreased more in females while the oxygen uptake and rectal temperature were kept constant for both males and females. We found the preferred temperature was affected by the exposed temperature and the thermal sensation in the condition. Subjects preferred a lower environmental temperature when they were exposed to a lower temperature with cooler sensation. Therefore, in the perspective of human health and energy saving, it is recommended to start setting the air-conditioning temperature higher than the preferred temperature.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.281-284
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to make clear the present condition of indoor thermal environment in apartment units and to analyze the relation of the living factors with indoor thermal elements. The field surveys consisted of measurements on physical elements and observations on living factors and interview on resident's subjective responses were carried out in 20 apartment units. The field surveys were carried out during the $January{\sim}March$ 2007. Measuring elements were air temperature, globe temperature, and relative humidity. As results, the averages of indoor temperature each houses were $21.2{\sim}27.2^{\circ}C$, the number of houses exceed the comfort zone were 4. The averages of globe temperature each houses were $21.3{\sim}27.5^{\circ}C$, 6 houses exceeded the comfort zone. The means of relative humidity were $19.5{\sim}58.8%$, relatively dry condition. The clothing value of residents were $0.39{\sim}0.89$ clo(average 0.68 clo). The average of thermal sensation ratings each room were $4.2{\sim}4.8$, 'neutral'$\sim$'slightly warm'. The results of regression analysis on relations of living factors with the thermal elements are as follow; ventilation time(outdoor air exchange), door opening time with balcony, and gas cooker use time had significant effect on indoor temperature.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.959-965
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of wearing induced micro current brassiere on the physiological responses of women. Four women participated to wear a different brassiere condition: with and without micro current chips. Subjects were carried out after wearing the induced micro current brassiere for 120minutes. Eardrum temperature, skin temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, thermal perception, humid perception, and comfort perception were obtained. The results were as follows. The brassiere with micro current chips showed better performance on weight loss than the brassiere without micro current chips. Participants in a higher level of BMI were more likely to lose greater weight. Mean skin temperatures decreased with micro current chips. Participants felt more comfortable for walking in micro current brassiere than in brassiere without micro current chips.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to determine the actual state of the indoor thermal environment in apartment units and to analyze the relationship between the living factors and indoor thermal elements. The field surveys consisted of measurements of physical elements and observations of living factors. In addition, the residents of 20 apartment units were interviewed to survey their subjective response. Field surveys were carried out from January to March 2007. Measuring elements were air temperature, globe temperature, and relative humidity. The results showed that the average of indoor temperature for the houses was $21.2{\sim}27.2^{\circ}C$, while 4 houses exceeded the comfort zone. The average of globe temperature for the houses was $21.3{\sim}27.5^{\circ}C$, while 6 houses exceeded the comfort zone. The mean relative humidity was $19.5{\sim}58.8%$, which is a relatively dry condition. The residents' average clothing value was $0.39{\sim}0.89$ clo(average 0.68 clo). The average thermal sensation vote on each room was $4.2{\sim}4.8$, which is 'neutral' to 'slightly warm'. Living factors had significant effect on indoor temperature in regression analysis were ventilation time(outdoor air exchange), opening time of door through balcony, and gas cooker use time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.763-770
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• 2002

The objective of the study was to investigate skin temperature responses of Hanbok when it was worn. Two healthy females(average 21 years, 155cm and 60kg were exposed to a climatic chamber(Room Temp. $21{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;52{\pm}2%R.H.$, 0.15m/s). During the experiment, rectal temperature, skin temperature of 9 areas, clothing microclimate, subjective sensation were measured. Chima and Jogory to be made of silk nobang(SN) or Ramie were worn for summer. Polyester(P) Chima and Jogori(R) could be wort for spring and autumn. For winter, silk Chima, Jogori(S) and Durumagi(D) were commonly worn. Rectal temperature was high in order of naked(N), R, SN, P, S, D. However Mean skin temperature was reversely high in order of D, S, SN, R, P, naked. In naked, skin temperature was high in order of head, trunk upper extremity and lower extremity. But on wearing of Hanbok, it was the highest at the chest except head regardless of kinds of clothing ensembles. Skin temperature of upper arm was secondly highest on wearing the silk ensemble and the Durumagi ensemble, but skin temperature of buttock was secondly highest on wearing the silk nobang ensemble and the ramie ensemble. Skin temperature on wearing the silk ensemble was generally higher than those on other clothing ensembles. Local and mean skin temperatures on wearing the silk ensemble and the Durumagj ensemble were generally higher than on other clothing ensembles. Heat resistance of the fabric might have affected on the local skin temperature.