• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.240-244
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• 2006

Tribaloy 800 (T800) powder is coated on the Inconel 718 substrate by the optimal High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating process developed by this laboratory. For the study of the possibility of replacing of the widely used classical chrome plating, friction, wear properties and sliding wear mechanism of coatings are investigated using reciprocating sliding tester both at room and at an elevated temperature of $1000^{\circ}F\;(538^{\circ}C). Both at room temperature and at $538^{\circ}C$, friction coefficients and wear debris of coatings are drastically reduced compared to those of non-coated surface of Inconel 718 substrate. Friction coefficients and wear traces of both coated and non-coated surfaces are drastically reduced at higher temperature of $538^{\circ}C$ compared with those at room temperature. At high temperature, the brittle oxides such as $CoO,\;Co_3O_4,\;MoO_2,\;MoO_3$ are formed rapidly on the sliding surfaces, and the brittle oxide phases are easily attrited by reciprocating slides at high temperature through complicated mixed wear mechanisms. The sliding surfaces are worn by the mixed mechanisms such as oxidative wear, abrasion, slurry erosion. The brittle oxide particles and melts and partial-melts play roles as solid and liquid lubricant reducing friction coefficient and wear. These show that the coating is highly recommendable for the durability improvement coating on the surfaces vulnerable to frictional heat and wear.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1205-1210
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• 1999

Far infrared ceramic/aluminum composite powders for thermal spray were fabricated by spray drying method and investigated the characteristics of the plasma sprayed coating layers, I.e. microstructure, phases, thermal shock resistance and spectral emissivity. The shape of the spray dried composite powder was spherical and the particle size distribution was 34~105${\mu}m $. Aluminum was distributed homogeneously in the spray dried composite powder. Spectral emissivity of the plasma sprayed coating layer ranges from 3 to 14${\mu}m $ whereas spectral emissivity of the raw ceramic powder ranges from 8 to 14${\mu}m $. And then spectral emissivity of the coatings was better than that of the raw powder but spectral emissivity was decreased with increasing aluminum content. It was found that aluminum content ranging from 20 to 30wt% was suitable for fabricating far-infrared radiator by plasma spraying method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.56-62
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• 2000

A fast and precise technique to make 3-dimensional object which is called direct metal shaping process is processed. It is very useful technique in design and inspection. Using this developed system, a solid object is made. In experiment, test parts are built by varying three factors, laser power, scan path, scan speed. This process used device, which is different from the widely used in rapid prototyping in that powder feeding device is used. Spraying powder directly at the focused laser beam and then three dimensional object is made by the deposit of melted metal powder. The optimum scanning path is found to be zigzag path, which had little thermal affection on base metal. As a result of these experiments, it was found that optimum scanning speed is 15mm/sec laser power is 50W. This constructed 3-dimensional object could be used in mold manufacturing directly.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 1996

재료의 표면개질은 표면층의 조직변화에 대한 개질법과 표면피복에 의한 개질 법으로 나눌 수 있다. 조직변화에 의한 개질법으로는 침탄, 질화, 이온주입 및 금속 확산 등이 있고, 표면피복에 의한 개질법으로는 도장, 도금, 육성용접, 물리증착(PVD) 및 화학증착(CVD) 등이 있는데, 용사법은 표면피복에 의한 개질법에 속한다. 용사기술 은 비교적 최근에 발달된 표면피복 기술로서 그림1과 같이 플라즈마, 가스화염 또는 아크열원을 이용하여 금속 또는 비금속 재료를 용융 혹은 반용융 상태로 모재에 고속 도로 분사하여 충돌 적층시켜 피복하는 공정으로 다른 표면개질기술에 비해서 여러 가지 잇점을 가지고 있다. 이것은 거의 모든 재질의 모재(금속, 세라믹, 유기재료 등) 에 대해 피막의 형성이 가능하고, 용사재료의 종류도 다양하다(금속, 합금, 각종 세라 믹, 플라스틱, 각종 복합재료 등). 또한 노재크기의 제한이 없고, 대형의 재료에 대해 서 한정된 부위의 피복이 가능하며, 모재의 열영향이 적고, 피막의 형성속도가 다른 피막법에 비해 빠른 장점을 가지고 있다. 그 예로 알루미나(Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$)를 피복할 경우 화학증착(CVD)법에 의해서는 피막형성 속도가 약 2 * $10^{-4}$mm/min 인데 비해 용사법에 의해서는 약 7.5 * $10^{-1}$mm/min로 매우크다. 이와같은 많은 장점을 갖고있는 용사법을 이용한 표면개질에 대해 본 기술보고에서 서술하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.247-251
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• 2017

Titanium alloy has been widely used in the aerospace industry because of its high strength and good corrosion resistance. During cutting, the low thermal conductivity and high chemical reactivity of titanium generate a high cutting temperature and accelerates tool wear. To improve cutting tool life, cryogenic machining by using a liquid nitrogen (LN2) jet is suggested. In cryogenic jet cooling, evaporation of LN2 in the tank and transfer tube could cause pressure fluctuation and change the cooling rate. In this work, cooling uniformity is investigated in terms of liquid nitrogen jet pressure in cryogenic jet cooling during titanium alloy turning. Fluctuation of jet spraying pressure causes tool temperature to fluctuate. It is possible to suppress the fluctuation of the jet pressure and improve cooling by using a phase separator. Measuring tool temperature shows that consistent LN2 jet pressure improves cryogenic cooling uniformity.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.88-97
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• 1996

The pupose of this study is to improve the mechanical properies and to evaluate the residual stresses of flame-sprayed Alumina ceramic coating layer. The first work in this study is to investigate the effects of strengthening heat treatments on the mechanical properties of coating layer. Strengthening heat treatments for sprayed specimens were carried out in vaccum furnace. The mechanical properties such as microhardness, thermal shock resistance, adhesive strength and erosion resistance were tested for the sprayed specimens after strengthening heat treatments. And it was clear that the mechanical properties of coating layer were much improved by strengthening heat treatments. The second work in this study is to evalute the residual stresses in coating lsyer by numerical analysis. FDM and FEM were used to analyze temperature distribution and residul stresses in coating layer. It was proved that are tensile stresses in coating layer and that residual stresses can be controlled by the appropriate selection of the spraying parameters such as preheat temperature, coating thickness and bond coat thickness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.346-353
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• 2001

Zirconia powder containing 3 mol% yttria(3Y-PSZ) with and with out Fe$_2$O$_3$ addition was coated on tile cast iron substrate by plasma spraying method. The erosion experiments were performed at temperatures from $25^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$. A gas blast type erosion tester was used to examine erosion behavior of the specimens. The results of 3Y-PSZ coatings showed that tile erosion rate had maximum value at 40$0^{\circ}C$. It coincided with tile results of phase transformation tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase caused by low temperature thermal degradation. The tensile stress relaxation and the micro-hardness improvement significantly influenced on the erosion rate at $600^{\circ}C$. In the case of Fe$_2$O$_3$ added 3Y-PSZ coatings, the erosion rate of tested at $25^{\circ}C$ showed maximum value at 5.0 mol% Fe$_2$O$_3$ added coating. This tendency is caused by the improvement of mechanical properties and the tensile residual stress. The erosion rate at 200'c and 400'L showed significantly decrease by Fe203 addition. This decrease is believed to be the stabilization of the tetragonal phase and the increase of micro-hardness.

• Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.1033-1036
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• 2021

Laser cladding is a method that can be applied to repair the crack and break on the mold and die surfaces, as well as generate new attributes on the surface to improve toughness, hardness, and corrosion resistance. It is used to extend the life of the mold. It also has the advantages of superior bonding strength and precision coating on a local area compared with the conventional thermal spraying technology. In this study, we investigated the effect of cladding on low carbon alloy steel using 18%Cr-2.5%Ni-Fe powder (Rockit404), which showed high hardness on the die surface. The process conditions were performed in an argon atmosphere using a diode laser source specialized for 900-1070 nm, and the output conditions were 5, 6, and 10 kW, respectively. After the cladding was completed, the surface coating layer's shape, the hardness according to the cross-section's thickness, and the microstructure were analyzed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.204-211
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• 2020

The high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying coating technique has been considered a promising replacement for traditional electrolytic hard chrome plating (EHC), which caused environmental pollution and lung cancer due to toxic Cr⁶⁺. In this paper, two types of cermet coatings were prepared by HVOF spraying: WC-CoCr and WC-CrC-Ni coatings. The produced coatings were analyzed extensively in terms of the micro-hardness, porosity, crystalline phase and microstructure using a hardness tester, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (including energy dispersed spectroscopy (EDS)), respectively. The wear and friction behaviors of the coatings were evaluated comparatively by reciprocating sliding wear tests at 25 ℃, 250 ℃, and 450 ℃. The results revealed correlations among the microstructures, metallic binder matrixes, porosities, and wear performance of the coatings. For example, WC-CoCr coatings showed better sliding wear resistance than WC-CrC-Ni coatings, regardless of the test temperature due to the more homogeneous microstructure, Co-rich, Cr-rich metallic binder matrix, and lower porosity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2019

EMP (Electromagnetic Pulse) usually means High Power Electromagnetic Wave (HPEM). In the case of the shielding plate against the EMP, there is a possibility of deterioration of the electromagnetic wave shielding performance due to the skill of the constructor, bad construction, deformation of the shielding plate at the connection portion (joint portion). The inefficient use of space due to the separation distance is also pointed out as a problem. Therefore, this study aims to derive the optimum electromagnetic shielding condition by applying ATMSM to concrete as a part of securing electromagnetic wave shielding performance with reflection loss against concrete wall. Experimental parameters included concrete wall thickness and application of Zn-Al ATMSM. For the concrete wall, the wall thickness was 100 to 300mm, which is generally applied, and experimental parameters were set for the application of Zn-Al metal spraying method to evaluate electromagnetic shielding performance. Experimental results showed that as the thickness increases, the electromagnetic shielding performance increases due to the increase of absorption loss. In addition, after the application of Zn-Al ATMSM, the average shielding performance increased by 56.68 dB on average, which is considered to be increased by the reflection loss of the ATMSM. In addition, it is considered that the shielding performance will be better than that when the conductive mixed material and the ATMSM are simultaneously applied.