• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

■ Objectives This clinical study is to report the effect of Korean medicine on patient with hot flushing ■ Methods A patient who suffered from hot flushing was treated with herbal medicine 'Gami Ahnjeonbaekho-tang', acupuncture, moxibustion and pharmaco-acupuncture. Degree and frequency of flushing were measured. Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) was used to estimate the temperature of skin surface for the outcome assessment ■ Results After taking Gami Ahnjeonbaekho-tang, degree and frequency of hot flushing reduced and skin temperature of patient was reduced on DITI. ■ Conclusion This clinical case study showed the effect of Korean medicine on hot flushing

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.474-477
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• 2021

Recently, in order to prevent the proliferation of COVID-19, which began in earnest in 2020, an increasing number of places have been measuring the temperature and required to wear a mask. However, as wearing a mask and checking the temperature are typically measured directly by a person or by a single individual positioned in front of the machine, standards may vary based on the person's manual measurement method, wasting workforce. While standing in front of a device often measures the maximum temperature of the face, the standard of fever is also unclear. Both approaches can create bottleneck situations when checking large numbers of people. Furthermore, it is unable to conduct periodic measurements and tracking because the measuring machines are generally put only at the entrance. Thus, this study suggests a method for preventing the spread of infectious diseases by automatically identifying and displaying unmasked people and those with fever in real-time using a general camera, a thermal imaging camera, and an artificial intelligence algorithm.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.608-637
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• 2023

The initial motivation in colloid science and engineering was driven by the fact that colloids can serve as excellent models to study atomic and molecular behavior at the mesoscale or microscale. The thermal behaviors of actual atoms and molecules are similar to those of colloids at the mesoscale or microscale, with the primary distinction being the slower dynamics of the latter. While atoms and molecules are challenging to observe directly in situ, colloidal motions can be easily monitored in situ using simple and versatile optical microscopic imaging. This foundational approach in colloid research persisted until the 1980s, and began to be extensively implemented in optics and photonics research in the 1990s. This shift in research direction was brought by an interplay of several factors. In 1987, Yablonovitch and John modernized the concept of photonic crystals (initially conceptualized by Lord Rayleigh in 1887). Around this time, mesoscale dielectric colloids, which were predominantly in a suspended state, began to be self-assembled into three-dimensional (3D) crystals. For photonic crystals operating at optical frequencies (visible to near-infrared), mesoscale crystal units are needed. At that time, no manufacturing process could achieve this, except through colloidal self-assembly. This convergence of the thirst for advances in optics and photonics and the interest in the expanding field of colloids led to a significant shift in the research paradigm of colloids. Initially limited to polymers and ceramics, colloidal elements subsequently expanded to include semiconductors, metals, and DNA after the year 2000. As a result, the application of colloids extended beyond dielectric-based photonic crystals to encompass plasmonics, metamaterials, and metasurfaces, shaping the present field of colloidal optics and photonics. In this review we aim to introduce the research trajectory of colloidal optics and photonics over the past three decades; To elucidate the utility of colloids in photonic crystals, plasmonics, and metamaterials; And to present the challenges that must be overcome and potential research prospects for the future.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.99-105
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• 2023

Submarines, which require a high degree of survivability, are among the most critical combat weapon systems in military strategic assets. Conventional submarines need air to operate their propulsion systems. Exhaust gases released into the water during snorkel navigation heat the surrounding fluid, producing a temperature wake. This wake, in turn, reduces the submarine's survivability. In this study, we conducted a preliminary experiment on the temperature traces formed by an underwater submarine's waste discharge. For this purpose, we collected propulsion system and navigation condition data from domestically introduced submarines and developed an experimental system to measure the temperature traces. As a result, we observed that high-temperature bubbles injected into the tank broke down into smaller sizes, and their temperature dropped to levels similar to the surrounding fluid. This observation was confirmed using a thermocouple sensor. Consequently, the thermal imaging system designed to measure the temperature trace of the water's surface did not detect any significant temperature traces.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.741-750
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• 2023

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of Korean medicine treatments on Buerger's disease. Methods: From December 27, 2022, to January 16, 2023, we treated Soeumin patients with Buerger's disease admitted to a hospital specializing in Korean medicine. The patient's symptoms included feelings of coldness in the lower extremities, feelings of dullness, and stabbing pain. For treatment, Korean medicine treatments, such as acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medications (Sogyeonghwalhyeol-tang granules and Gwangyebujaijung-tang-gami) were administered. The patient's improvement was evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS) every day. Lower extremity and foot temperatures were evaluated using digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI). Results: Through the treatment regimen, the patient's NRS scores decreased, and lower extremity and foot temperatures increased. Conclusions: Korean medicine treatments for cold lower extremities, feelings of dullness, and stabbing pain caused by Buerger's disease are potentially effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.spc1
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• pp.56-64
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• 2024

This study aims to compare and evaluate the usability of domestic and overseas XR devices. With the recent release of 'Apple Vision Pro', interest in the XR field is increasing rapidly. XR devices are being used in various fields such as defense, medical care, education, and entertainment, but the evaluation system for evaluating usability is still insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to derive improvements in domestic equipment through comparative evaluation of usability for two HMD-type devices and one glasses-type device that are released. In order to conduct the study, 20 participants in their 20s to 30s who were interested in XR devices and had no visual sensory organ-related disabilities were evaluated by wearing VR equipment. As a quantitative evaluation, electromyography through an EMG sensor and the device and body temperature of the device through a thermal imaging camera were measured. As a qualitative evaluation, the safety of wearing, ease of wearing, comfort of wearing, and satisfaction of wearing were evaluated. As a result of comparing the usability of the devices based on the results, it was confirmed that domestic HMD-type device needs improvement in the strap part.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.269-282
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• 2017

In this study, the surface broadband emissivity ($3.0-14.0{\mu}m$) was calculated using the multiple linear regression model with narrow bands (channels 29, 30, and 31) emissivity data of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Earth Observing System Terra satellite. The 307 types of spectral emissivity data (123 soil types, 32 vegetation types, 19 types of water bodies, 43 manmade materials, and 90 rock) with MODIS University of California Santa Barbara emissivity library and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission & Reflection Radiometer spectral library were used as the spectral emissivity data for the derivation and verification of the multiple linear regression model. The derived determination coefficient ($R^2$) of multiple linear regression model had a high value of 0.95 (p<0.001) and the root mean square error between these model calculated and theoretical broadband emissivities was 0.0070. The surface broadband emissivity from our multiple linear regression model was comparable with that by Wang et al. (2005). The root mean square error between surface broadband emissivities calculated by models in this study and by Wang et al. (2005) during January was 0.0054 in Asia, Africa, and Oceania regions. The minimum and maximum differences of surface broadband emissivities between two model results were 0.0027 and 0.0067 respectively. The similar statistical results were also derived for August. The surface broadband emissivities by our multiple linear regression model could thus be acceptable. However, the various regression models according to different land covers need be applied for the more accurate calculation of the surface broadband emissivities.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2020

The study was performed to calculate canopy temperatures and crop water stress index (CWSI) of 2-year-old 'Yumi' peach trees using thermal infrared imaging under different soil water conditions, and to evaluate availability for water stress determination. Canopy temperatures showed similar daily variations to air temperatures and they were higher during the daytime than air temperatures. Canopy temperatures for 24 h were correlated highly to air temperatures (r² =0.95), solar radiations (r² =0.74), and relative humidity (r² =-0.88). In addition, soil water potential showed a highly negative correlation to canopy temperatures (r² =-0.57), temperature differences between leaf and air (TD) (r² =-0.71), and CWSI (r² =-0.72) during the daytime (11 to 16 h). CWSI for 24 h was highly related to canopy temperatures (r² =0.90) and TD (r² =0.92), whereas CWSI was not correlated to soil water potential (r² =-0.27) for 24 h but related highly to water potential (r² =-0.72) during the daytime (11 to 16 h). Correlation coefficients between CWSI (y) and soil water potential (x) were highest from 11 to 12 h and a regression equation was deduced as y = -0.0087x + 0.14. CWSI was calculated as 0.575 at -50 kPa, which soil water stress generally occurs. Thus our result suggests that this regression equation using thermal infrared imaging is useful to evaluate soil water stress of peach trees.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2009

Purpose : This study proposes the keyhole method in order to improve the time resolution of the proton resonance frequency(PRF) MR temperature monitoring technique. The values of Root Mean Square (RMS) error of measured temperature value and Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) obtained from the keyhole and full phase encoded temperature images were compared. Materials and Methods : The PRF method combined with GRE sequence was used to get MR temperature images using a clinical 1.5T MR scanner. It was conducted on the tissue-mimic 2% agarose gel phantom and swine's hock tissue. A MR compatible coaxial slot antenna driven by microwave power generator at 2.45GHz was used to heat the object in the magnetic bore for 5 minutes followed by a sequential acquisition of MR raw data during 10 minutes of cooling period. The acquired raw data were transferred to PC after then the keyhole images were reconstructed by taking the central part of K-space data with 128, 64, 32 and 16 phase encoding lines while the remaining peripheral parts were taken from the 1st reference raw data. The RMS errors were compared with the 256 full encoded self-reference temperature image while the SNR values were compared with the zero filling images. Results : As phase encoding number at the center part on the keyhole temperature images decreased to 128, 64, 32 and 16, the RMS errors of the measured temperature increased to 0.538, 0.712, 0.768 and 0.845$^{\circ}C$, meanwhile SNR values were maintained as the phase encoding number of keyhole part is reduced. Conclusion : This study shows that the keyhole technique is successfully applied to temperature monitoring procedure to increases the temporal resolution by standardizing the matrix size, thus maintained the SNR values. In future, it is expected to implement the MR real time thermal imaging using keyhole method which is able to reduce the scan time with minimal thermal variations.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 2011

Purpose: To design applied anamorphic lens that focal length ratio is 3:1 optical system to improve detecting distance. Methods: We defined a boundary condition as $50^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}$ for viewing angle, horizontal direction 36mm, vertical direction 12 mm for focal length, f-number 4, $15{\mu}m{\times}15{\mu}m$ for pixel size and limit resolution 25% in 33l p/mm. Si, ZnS and ZnSe as a materials were used and 4.8 ${\mu}m$, 4.2 ${\mu}m$, 3.7 ${\mu}m$ as a wavelength were set. optical performance with detection distance, narcissus and athermalization in designed camera were analyzed. Results: F-number 4, y direction 12 mm and x direction 36 mm for focal length of the thermal optical system were satisfied. Total length of the system was 76 mm so that an overall volume of the system was reduced. Astigmatism and spherical aberration was within ${\pm}$0.10 which was less than 2 pixel size. Distortion was within 10% so there was no matter to use as a thermal optical camera. MTF performance for the system was over 25% from 33l p/mm to full field so it was satisfied with the boundary condition. Designed optical system was able to detect up to 2.9 km and reduce a diffused image by decreasing a narcissus value from all surfaces except the 4th surface. From sensitivity analysis, MTF resolution was increased on changing temperature with the 5th lens which was assumed as compensation. Conclusions: Designed optical system which used anamorphic lens was satisfied with boundary condition. an increasing resolution with temperature, longer detecting distance and decreasing of narcissus were verified.