• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.311-319
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• 2000

This study was to measure whether single axis foot or the SACH foot applied to below-knee amputation patients would bring positive changes to the patients' cardiopulmonary function, and help them to overcome their disability. The experiment took place at Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, from July 20th to November 20th, 1999 with 10 below-knee amputation patients. The patients were asked to equip single axis foot and SACH foot by turns and lead them to walk on a treadmill which was designed to increase its steep slope. Patients heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before and after their walking, The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure of the patients who were equipped with, either SACH foot or single axis foot, have been increased with as the slant becoming steeper. The heart rates during the experiment did not show relevant changes according to the kind of foot used and the gradient, but the changes occurred before and after the walking(p=0.0001), The similar result of systolic blood pressure was found during the waking(p=0.01). Below-knee amputation patients are expected to walk and perform the routines better, no matter what type of foot is used, as long as they wear an artificial foot properly and taking features of foot product into consideration

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.180-186
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to find a correlation between the bilateral reciprocal leg press test and a the balance in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Eighteen patients performed an isokinetic leg press test consisting of a bilateral reciprocal and unilateral mode. Following the isokinetic leg press testing, subjects performed the balance test: Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, and stability limit. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlation between the mean score of the isokinetic leg press test, balance test in both affected and non-affected side. Results: This study indicated a significant correlation between the bilateral reciprocal leg press test and stability limit. There were significant correlation between non-affected side bilateral leg press(NBL) and BBS (r=0.501), affected side bilateral leg press (ABL) and non-affected side stability limit(NS) (r=0.614), ABL and total stability limit (TS) (r=0.493), NBL and affected side stability limit(AS) (r=0.480), NBL and NS (r=0.560), NBL and TS (r=0.563), among the patients. Conclusion: Measurement of the lower extremity strength using the bilateral reciprocal leg press test can be used as an evaluating tool of the balance test.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to establish the concurrent validity of the universal goniometer and electronic inclinometer for ankle joint of motion, and to determine the inter-tester and the intra-tester reliability of these two instruments. Methods: Subjects were instructed 25 healthy subjects. Ankle range of motion was measured on two separate occasions 2 or 3 days by two physical therapists. Ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion was by using an universal goniometer and an electronic inclinometer. Results: The Pearson product-moment correlation between the two instruments was 0.78~0.80. The ICCs for inter-tester reliability ranged from 0.63 to 0.73 for universal goniometer and ranged from 0.81 to 0.88 for electric inclinometer. The ICCs for intra-tester reliability showed a wide variation(ICC=0.61 to 0.86). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the two instruments are reliable instruments for measuring ankle joint range of motion. The results also indicate that the two instruments can be used interchangeably for measuring ankle motions.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the global rating of knee function as a measure of participation restrictions experienced during activities of daily living and sports by patients with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-three subjects (33 males, 10 females, age=20.3 ± 1.3 years), at a mean of 31.2 ± 14.4 months following ACLR, participated in this study. During testing, subjects were first asked to provide a global rating of function by assessing their level of knee function on a 0 to 100 scale, with 0 points representing complete loss of function due to their knee injury and 100 points representing their level of function prior to their knee injury. After providing a global rating of function, subjects completed the Knee Outcome Survey (KOS) Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS) and Sports Activity Scale (SAS), which served as the measure of participation restrictions in this study. Results: Pearson product correlations revealed moderate relationships between the global rating of function and the ADLS (r=0.66, p<0.0001) and SAS (r=0.69, p<0.0001). Conclusions: The global rating of knee function provides a valid measure of participation restrictions experienced during activities of daily living and sports by patients with a history of ACLR.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2023

Objective: The practice of breathing exercises involves altering the depth and frequency of respiration. Strengthening respiratory muscles plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. The efficiency of the respiratory system affects not only physical activity but also various physiological processes including cardiovascular health, lung function, and cognitive abilities. The study evaluated the reliability of the developed device for inspiratory/expiratory training using pressure sensors and Bluetooth connectivity with a smartphone application. Design: Design & development research Methods: The research methodology involved connecting a custom-made respiratory sensor to an IMT-PEP BIC Breath device. Various pressure conditions were measured, and statistical analyses were performed to assess reliability and consistency. Results showed high Intraclass Coefficient Correlation (ICC) values for both inspiratory and expiratory pressures, indicating strong test-retest reliability. The device was designed for ease of use and wireless monitoring through a smartphone app. Results: This study conducted at expiratory pressure confirmed the proper operation of the IMT/PEP breathing trainer at the specified pressure setting in the product. The pressure sensor demonstrated high test-retest reliability with an ICC value of 0.999 for both expiratory and inspiratory pressure measurements. Conclusions: The developed respiratory training device measured and monitored inspiratory and expiratory pressures, demonstrating its reliability for respiratory training. The system could be utilized to record training frequency and intensity, providing potential benefits for patients requiring respiratory interventions. Further research is needed to assess the full potential of the device in diverse populations and applications.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1307-1312
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate effectiveness of korean medicine therapy and the relation between effectiveness of that and single nucleotide gene polymorphism in stroke patients. This study was carried out on 92 stroke patients who were admitted to the department of acupuncture & moxibustion, college of Oriental medicine, Daegu Haany University and 112 healthy Korean. All patients were received Korean medicine therapy including acupuncture and herbal medicine for stroke and assessed by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS). Blood samples from all subjects were obtained for DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). PCR products were visualized by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Through Pyrosequencing of PCR product, the polymorphism of single nucleotide gene was genotyped automatically. There were significant difference between before and after Korean medicine therapy in NIHSS. Genotypes were AA, AG, GG, but there was no significant difference between control and stroke groups. And there was not any statistical significant allelic frequency difference between control and stroke groups. We concluded that Korean medicine therapy in stroke patient can improve NIHSS, but there is no definite relation between effectiveness of Korean medicine therapy and single nucleotide gene polymorphism in stroke patients. This study need to be confirmed in large patients and further studies about relation with gene polymorphism are required.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.524-552
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• 1998

Purgation therapy has played an important role as a influential remedy from the begining of the Chinese medicine. Especially purgation therapy is raised as the effective remedy on the acute infectious disease in the book of 'Treatise on Febrile Disease'. But It was inclined to cold-nature and available only in the excess syndrome. Nevertheless it is evident that the book has showed an example of this therapy. During the middle age, purgation therapy is classified into several subtype; hydrogogue therapy, laxation with lubricants, purgation with cold-natured drugs and purgation with warm-natured drugs. Comparing with the ancient times, it must be a progression. It was investigated earnestly by a school leaded by Zhang Congzheng. They were not restricted to several diseases, but applied it to the wide range of diseases. They thought as following. 'One is ill from pathogenic factor so that you should eliminate it from the human body'. Hence, they frequently used three major remedies such as diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. In this process, purgation therapy had showed eye-opening progress. But opposition to it was not little. Li Gao was a representative man on the opposite side. He expressed a critical opinion and placed great importance on the genuine energy, the natural healing force. Under his influence, a large number of doctors evaded purgation and put it under taboo. On account of these trend, purgation therapy had took a backward step and retrograded. Therefore cathartics such as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rharbitidis Semen, cold drugs such as Gypsum Fibrosum, etc. had been excluded for preservation of the genuine energy, and came about an obnoxious custom to value only 'tonity deficiency', or 'warm and tonify'. As it had came into fashion to approach most disease from the point of view, purgation therapy was merely fall into a remedy of constipation. After the eighteenth century purgation therapy encountered the new period of rivival. It was introduced by them who strived for the study of Epidemics to the new current of thought, so called '增水行舟'. It was because 온병 was apt to dissipate one's Yin fluid. Therefore purgation therapy of this period was characterized by establishing nourishment Yin and body fluid with or without use of timely purgation of accumulation of heat. From the time of Zhang Congzheng, it was accomplished by Lee Je-ma to the most epoch-making change. He caused an improvement in the use of purgation therapy by regarding innate constitutional contradiction as importance than representing clinical symptoms. He warned that existing remedies that depend only upon symptoms and signs, not upon individual characteristics including constitutional features didn't bring round to but kill them. And he understood all the pathologic processes in his constitutional theory, investigated specific drugs on four constitution, made indications of each prescriptions clear. For giving to differentiation of constition before differentiation of syndrom, his new slant on the pathologic phenomena overcome the limitations of 변증시치, and revaluate purgation therapy from remedy impaire the genuine energy to that restore it by recover the balance between the internal organ. It is the product of him to fundamentally upset the cause to be in disregard of purgation therapy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop an index of usability that reflects the needs and characteristics of the elderly. The usability index is used primarily to assess issues in the usability of a product. Methods : In this study, 22 items for mobile toilet usability index were developed by consulting with 12 elderly users, 6 caregivers, and 12 experts. The usability evaluation index was intended to increase reliability through preliminary and main evaluations. In addition, the validity of the items used as the usability evaluation index was verified to prove that the index is effective for the evaluation. Result : The usability index is a welfare tool developed by gathering data from various sources such as previous studies dealing with usability evaluation, characteristics of users, range of use, and environment of product use. Conclusion : The development of the usability index for mobile toilets was useful for the user to quantitatively derive the problem of the product. Consequently, user needs and usability problems can be identified, which can help improve product quality.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2002

Gene therapy is fundamentally a sophisticated drug delivery technology to cure a disease by the transfer of genetic material to modify living cells. In other words, the gene is used as a therapeutic drug much like a chemical compound is employed in chemotherapy. Currently almost 600 clinical trials are underway worldwide since the first clinical trials carried out in 1990 to treat adenosine deaminase deficiency using retroviral vectors. Despite the great progress still is there no gene therapy product being approved as a new drug. This is partly due to a lack of an ideal gene delivery system that is safe and can provide stable, optimal level production of the therapeutic proteins in the cell. This review covers the current status of several different biological and physico-chemical agents that are being developed as gene delivery vehicles. Although gene therapy promises great hopes toward the cure of a broad spectrum of genetic and acquired diseases, the success of gene therapy heavily asks for the development of vector systems for safe and efficient application in humans.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to find correlations among Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale, gait speed, and Timed Up & Go test (TUG) and to predict gait ability from subscales of Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale. The study population consisted of 30 stroke patients referred to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine in the Bundang Jaesang General Hospital. All subjects were ambulatory with or without an assistive device. All participants were assessed on Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale and gait speed (m/s), TUG (s). The data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson product moment correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression. The results revealed that all items of Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale, except passive joint range of motion were significantly correlated with gait speed and TUG. In particular, sensation score, lower extremity motor and coordination score have a significant correlation with gait speed and TUG (p<.05). The sensation score and lower extremity motor score were important factors in comfortable gait and maximal gait speed. Their power of explanation regarding comfortable gait and maximal gait speed were 63.0% and 65.0%, respectively. The sensation score and lower extremity coordination score were important factors in TUG. Their power of explanation regarding TUG was 55.0%. These results showed that Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale is significantly correlated with gait speed and TUG. Therefore Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale is an appropriate assessment tool to predict gait ability of patients with stroke. Further study about gait speed and TUG by change of Fugl-Meyer Assessment score is needed using a longitudinal study design.