• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제75권5호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

The emergence of new therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) implies that histologic subtyping and molecular predictive testing are now essential for therapeutic decisions. Histologic subtype predicts the efficacy and toxicity of some treatment agents, as do genetic alterations, which can be important predictive factors in treatment selection. Molecular markers, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, are the best predictors of response to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment agents. As the majority of patients with NSCLC present with unresectable disease, it is therefore crucial to optimize the use of tissue samples for diagnostic and predictive examinations, particularly for small biopsy and cytology specimens. Therefore, each institution needs to develop a diagnostic approach requiring close communication between the pulmonologist, radiologist, pathologist, and oncologist in order to preserve sufficient biopsy materials for molecular analysis as well as to ensure rapid diagnosis. Currently, personalized medicine in NSCLC is based on the histologic subtype and molecular status. This review summarizes strategies for tissue acquisition, histologic subtyping and molecular analysis for predictive testing in NSCLC.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2020

Fluorine compounds have attracted interest of scientists for immense applications in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceuticals. Recently, photoredox catalysts, both organic-based and metal-based compounds, have been employed in organic synthetic methodology to achieve desirable products due to facile operation and mild reaction condition. Various protocols to prepare fluorination adducts in the presence of photoredox catalysts have been developed from several starting materials with formation of radical scaffolds. In this review, we describe recent advances in the fluorination using light.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Tinnitus is on the increase due to the increase in the elderly population, industrial pollution and noise pollution. This symptom is especially marked in patients with a hearing problem and the relationship between cause, mechanism and treatment is poorly understood. The characteristics of tinnitus and other hearing problems are well brought out using an animal model with salicylate ototoxicity. Therapeutic effects of Uncariae Ramulis and Testudinis Plastrum were expected in tinnitus and hearing problems; therefore we experimented on an animal model with salicylate ototoxicity. Salicylate is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs, although it has been recognized that salicylate induces hearing loss and tinnitus reversibly. The purpose of this study was to find the therapeutic effects of this by the morphologic study using salicylate ototoxicity. Materials and Methods : Twelve healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: normal, control and sample. The sample group was treated with the extract of Uncariae Ramulis and Testudinis Plastrum (1cc/100g, once a day for 6 days). Then, to induce the salicylate ototoxicity in the control and sample groups, rats were injected intraperitoneally with sodium salicylate (500mg/kg). We observed the morphologic changes in the cochlea of the rats every 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after injection. Results : The outer hair cells showed marked changes. Vacuolization formed in the cuticular plate and the endoplasm of the control group. The endoplasm and the cuticular plates of the sample group after 2 hours were similar to the control group, but the cuticular plates of the sample group observed after 3, 4 and 5 hours were not similar. Conclusions : The results suggest that an extract of Uncariae Ramulis and Testudinis Plastrum has therapeutic effects on an animal model with salicylate ototoxicity.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.461-465
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• 2014

더러브렛종 세 살짜리 경주용 수말이 평보 및 속보 걸음에서 좌측 앞다리의 뚜렷한 파행, 경미한 열감 및 통증을 발현하여 한국마사회 동물병원에 내원하였다. 왼쪽 발굽의 내외측의 길이 차이가 매우 큰, 전형적인 부등 제종에 기인한 제측 열제로 진단되었다. 열제면 고정, 부중 감소용 편자 장착 및 인공제벽 도포 등 다양한 처치방법을 약 2개월 간격으로 총 5차례 선택적으로 적용하여 좋은 결과를 나타내었으며, 발굽에 열감과 파행이 완전히 사라진 바 치료 개시 약 36주차 후부터 출전을 위한 훈련을 개시하였다. 특히 섬유강화플라스틱(FRP)재질의 연결판과 치료용 편자 장착 등 장제요법은 부등제종에 기인한 제측 열제의 치료에 있어서 매우 도움이 되는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

Purpose: We tried to evaluate the role of conventional radiotherapy alone or with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the hypopharyngeal cancer by retrospective analysis. Materials and Methods: Between Jul.1985 and Sep.1992, 42 patients of hypopharyngeal cancer were treated by conventional radiotherapy alone or combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The male to female ratio was 20:1 with a median age of 58 years, Twelve Patients were treated by conventional radiotherapy alone and 30 patients were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results: Seven Patients were Stage I,II and the patients with stage III and IV were 10 and 25, respectively at the time of presentation. The overall survival and disease-specific survival rates at 24 months were $12.9\%$ and $15.5\%,$respectively Two-year survival rates of stage I+II and III+IV patients were $50\%$ and $6.3\%,$ respectively(p(0.05). Sixteen Patients$(38\%)$ revealed CR and 26 patients$(62\%)$ revealed less than CR at the end of radiotherapy and their 2-year survival rates were $31.3\%\;and\;0\%,$ respectively(p(0.05). On univariate analysis, stage, T-stage, N-stage and treatment response were the significant prognostic factors, but only stage and treatment response were significant on multivariate analysis Conclusion : This conventional radiotherapy alone or with neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not seem to be sufficient in the treatment of most advanced hypopharyngeal cancer Therefore other treatment modalities such as hyperfractionation or concurrent chemoradiotherapy should be considered.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.621-627
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• 2022

Background: Panax ginseng (ginseng) is a traditional medicine that is reported to have cardioprotective effects; ginsenosides are the major bioactive compounds in the ginseng root. Methods: Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) nanoparticles might be useful for both the extraction of the targeted (imprinted) molecules, and for the delivery of those molecules to cells. In this work, plant growth regulators were used to enhance the adventitious rooting of ginseng root callus; imprinted polymeric particles were synthesized for the extraction of ginsenoside Rb₁ from root extracts, and then employed for subsequent particle-mediated delivery to cardiomyocytes to mitigate hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Results: These synthesized composite nanoparticles were first characterized by their specific surface area, adsorption capacity, and magnetization, and then used for the extraction of ginsenoside Rb₁ from a crude extract of ginseng roots. The ginsenoside-loaded MMIPs were then shown to have protective effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular viability for H9c2 cells treated with CoCl₂ to mimic hypoxia injury. The protective effect of the ginsenosides was assessed by staining with JC-1 dye to monitor the mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusion: MMIPs can play a dual role in both the extraction and cellular delivery of therapeutic ginsenosides.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate association between equivalent dose in 2 Gy (EQD2) to rectal point dose and gastrointestinal toxicity from whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) and intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) in cervical cancer patients who were evaluated by rectosigmoidoscopy in Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study was designed for the patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, treated by radical radiotherapy from 2004 to 2009 and were evaluated by rectosigmoidoscopy. The cumulative doses of WPRT and ICBT to the maximally rectal point were calculated to the EQD2 and evaluated the association of toxicities. Results: Thirty-nine patients were evaluated for late rectal toxicity. The mean cumulative dose in term of EQD2 to rectum was 64.2 Gy. Grade 1 toxicities were the most common findings. According to endoscopic exam, the most common toxicities were congested mucosa (36 patients) and telangiectasia (32 patients). In evaluation between rectal dose in EQD2 and toxicities, no association of cumulative rectal dose to rectal toxicity, except the association of cumulative rectal dose in EQD2 >65 Gy to late effects of normal tissue (LENT-SOMA) scale ${\geq}$ grade 2 (p = 0.022; odds ratio, 5.312; 95% confidence interval, 1.269-22.244). Conclusion: The cumulative rectal dose in EQD2 >65 Gy have association with ${\geq}$ grade 2 LENT-SOMA scale.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2002

목적 : 본 교실에서 개발한 정위방사선수술 시스템의 정도관리를 위하여 다용도 팬톰을 제작하고 정위방사선수술 기법의 선량의 정확도를 확인하려 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : CL2100C 선형가속기에서 발생하는 6 MV 엑스선을 사용하여 정위적 방사선수술을 시행하였고 Farmer형 이온함, 0.125 cc 이온함, 다이오드 검출기 등을 정위 기준기구가 부착된 팬톰내에 설치한 후 선량을 측정하였다. 고정 빔, $20^{\circ}\~100^{\circ}$의 각도를 갖는 단일회전빔, 복합회전빔 등의 방사선조사 조건에서 측정기와 팬톰의 상대적 위치를 변화시키면서 측정하였다. 내경이 10, 20, 30, 40 mm인 원형의 3차 콜리메이터를 사용하였다. 결과 : 고정 빔, 단일 회전빔, 5개의 회전 빔으로 구성된 복합회전빔 등에서의 선량오차는 Farmer형 이온함으로 측정한 경우는 $0.5\%$ 이하, 0.125 cc 이온함의 경우에는 $0.5\%$, 다이오드 검출기인 경우에는 $2\%$ 이내였다. 결론 : 본 교실 개발 정위방사선수술 기법에 의한 방사선 조사선량의 정확도를 확인하였으며 이 자료는 향후 정위방사선수술 및 다분할 방사선치료의 정도관리에 유용한 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.391-395
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• 2002

목적 : 서울대학교병원에서 개발한 정위방사선수술 시스템에서의 표준적 정위방사선수술기법을 적용시 중심점에서의 방사선량 오차를 확인하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 내경 10 mm 20 mm인 원통형의 3차 콜리메이터를 장착후 5개의 호형(arc)으로 구성된 표준형 정위방사선수술계획에 따라 시행한 정위방사선수술시의 선량을 측정하였다. 방사선은 CL2100C 선형가속기에서 발생하는 6 MV X-선을 사용하였고 자체 개발한 다용도 팬톰에서 0.125 cc 전리함 및 다이오드 검출기로 중심점 선량을 측정하였다. 결과 : 내경 20 mm인 3차 콜리메이터를 장착한 정위방사선수술 시행시 호형에 따른 계획선량과 측정선량 간 오차는 0.125 cc 전리함 측정시 $-0.73\%$ 내지 $-2.69\%$, 다이오드 검출기 측정시 $-1.29\%$ 내지 $-2.91\%$이었다. 내경 10 mm 인 3차 콜리메이터 장착한 경우의 오차는 다이오드 검출기로 측정하였을 때 $-2.39\%$ 내지 $-4.25\%$이었다. 결론 : 중심점 선량 오차는 약 $3\%$ 정도로서 DICOM 3.0 표준형식을 통한 영상자료 처리 등의 개선책을 통한 최소화 노력이 필요하다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1995

Purpose : To investigate the effect of alkaloid fraction from Korean ginseng on radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (dsb) formation and repair in murine lymphocytes Materials and Methods : We used the neutral filter elution technique to assay $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}$ ray-induced DNA double strand breaks formation and repair in C57BL/6 mouse spleen lymphocytes for evaluating the dose-response relationship in the presence of alkaloid fraction as a radioprotective agent. The lymphocytes were stimulated with Phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 2 u g/ml) to label $^3[H]-thymidine.$ Isotope-labelled lymphocytes in suspension were exposed to 100 Gy at $0^{\cdot}C$ in the alkaloid fraction-treated group and elution procedure was performed at PH 9.6. The extents of formation of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks and repair were compared respectively via strand scission factor (SSF) and relative strand scission factor (RSSF). Results: Alkaloid fraction reduced the formation of double strand breaks with dose modification factor of 2 15, compared to control group Rejoining of DNA dsb appeared to take place via two components. The first fast component was completed within 20.4 minutes, but the second slow component was not completed until 220.2 minutes after irradiation. About $30\%$ of dsb formed by irradiation was ultimately unrejoined despite the administration of alkaloid fraction. The administration of alkaloid fraction had a great effect on the second slow component of repair; the half-time of fast component repair was not changed, but that of slow component was 621.8 minutes. Conclusion: Neutral filter elution assay Proved to be a very effective method to quantitate the extents of DNA dsb formation and its repair. By using this technique, we were able to evaluate the efficiency of alkaloid fraction from Korean ginseng as a valuable radioprotector. Alkaloid fraction can be used prophylactically to prevent or ameliorate the severe radiation damages in workers and neighbors around the atomic power plants. For more refined study, however, more advanced purification of alkaloid fraction wil be needed in the near future.