• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2007년도 Proceedings of The Convention
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• pp.79-92
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• 2007

Oxidative stress have known to be a risk factor for the degenerative processes and closely related to a lot of diseases. It is well established that antioxidants are good in protection and therapeutic means against oxidative damage. There is increasing interest in natural antioxidants and many natural antioxidants have been found and utilized as the possible protection for various diseases and skin aging. We have screened natural antioxidant agents for cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and drugs as therapeutic and preventive means against oxidative stress, and have developed a number of novel antioxidants from various natural sources. A novel melanin synthesis inhibitor, Melanocin A, isolated from the metabolite of a fungal strain Eupenicillium shearii F80695 inhibited mushroom tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis of B16 melanoma cells with $IC_{50}$ value of 9.0 nM and MIC value of $0.9\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Melanocin A also exhibited potent antioxidant activity by scavenging of DPPH and superoxide anion radicals. UV was found to increase the level of hydrogen peroxides and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin tissues. This increase in ROS may not only alter the structure and function of many genes and proteins directly but may also modulate their expressions through signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, lead to skin damage. We investigated the effect of Melanocin A on UV-induced premature skin aging. Firstly, the effect of Melanocin A on UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT in vitro was investigated. Acute UV irradiation induced MMP-9 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and Melanocin A suppressed this expression in a dose-dependent manner. We then investigated UV-induced skin changes in hairless mice in vivo by Melanocin A. Chronic exposure of hairless mouse dorsal skin to UV increased skin thickness and induced wrinkle formation and the gelatinase activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, Melanocin A significantly suppressed UV-induced morphologic skin changes and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. These results show that Melanocin A can prevent the harmful effects of UV that lead to skin aging. Therefore, we suggest that Melanocin A should be viewed as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and/or treating premature skin aging. Terrein is a bioactive fungal metabolite isolated from Penicillium species. Terrein has a relatively simple structure and can be easily synthesized. However, the biologic effects of terrein are comparatively unknown. We found for the first time that terrein potently inhibit melanin production in melanocytes and has a strong hypopigmentary effect in a spontaneously immortalized mouse melanocyte cell line, Mel-Ab. Treatment of Mel-Ab cells with terrein (10-100 mM) for 4 days significantly reduced melanin levels in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, terrein at the same concentration also reduced tyrosinase activity. We then investigated whether terrein influences the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway and the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which is required for tyrosinase expression. Terrein was found to induce sustained ERK activation and MITF down-regulation, and luciferase assays showed that terrein inhibits MITF promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. To elucidate the correlation between ERK pathway activation and a decreased MITF transcriptional level, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of the ERK pathway, was applied before terrain treatment and found to abrogate the terrein-induced MITF attenuation. Terrein also reduced the tyrosinase protein level for at least 72 h. These results suggest that terrain reduces melanin synthesis by reducing tyrosinase production via ERK activation, and that this is followed by MITF down-regulation.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.184-232
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• 2000

The trend of the concept for modern medicine is gradually forwarding to preventive medicine from therapeutic medical science. One of the most remarkable characteristics of oriental medicine is that it attaches greater importance to preventive medicine scientifically. The basic theory of oriental medicine principally takes roots in Huang Di Nei Jing and it is Si Qi Tian Shen Da Lun that is deep-rooted in the principle of "growing life" grounded in theory of unity of heaven and man of oriental medicine. Therefore having translated annotation of 〈Si Qi Tian Shen Da Lun·Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen〉 which is quoted frequently and using it for appendix and comparing each views of annotators, I would like to state the results of dissertation as below. 1. Si Qi Tian Shen of title of the paper means that it keeps our health and prevent diseases in advance to control our mind and rhythm of life to the change of Yin and Yang - that is, the grower Yin, the looser Yang - following four seasons of nature environment. 2. The summary of this dissertation is that spring means things newly sprout from old ones, things become profuse, beautiful and brilliant in the summer. Autumn stands for things is harvested and allocated evenly and finally things is closed and stored. That is, in the spring and summer. If one break this principle of growth, diseases are followed after this. Therefore an excellent physician should handle diseases before they are attacked not remedy them after outbreak of diseases. It is said that a sage governs the nation before it is put into confusion. 3. These four terms standing for each season describe definitely and realistically rural life in the agricultural environment, in other words, spouting in spring, growing in summer, harvesting in autumn, storing in winter. Going with the current of the times, they have developed to theoretical concept of getting, growth, harvest, store so that implied the principle of growth for four seasons. 4. It means in a concrete way "Yang would grow in the spring and summer and Yin would grow in autumn and winter" as follow. That is, when the day is long, things act energetically and emit the warmth of life and expand the vigor of growth. On the other hand, when the night is long, things lessen their activity to protect the warmth of life and to preserve the sprit of growth. In addition, we should be concerned about the work outward and try to concretely fulfill plan of business in spring and summer. It is in autumn and winter when we should grow Yin. It does not mean that we simply grow cold yin in our body to build Yin. But according to annotators, for example, Wang Bing stated that we need to make things be cool in spring and summer, and be warm in autumn and winter for improvement. Zhang Jie Bin noted that things should not be cold in spring and summer and not be too hot to improve in autumn and winter. Those principles theorized to unify physiological status into the principle of changing of Yang and Yin in the nature and enriched the contents. In these principles, no problems are not found logically somewhat.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.530-535
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• 2004

배경: 수부 다한증을 치료하기 위해 시행하는 제3번 늑골 위 교감신경 차단술의 경우 다한증 치료 효과는 교감신경 절제술과 유사하면서 보상성 다한증의 발생이 교감신경절제술보다 적다는 연구결과들이 많이 있으나 대부분 단기 결과이며 중기 추적 결과가 발표되어 있지 않아 제3번 늑골 위 교감신경 차단술의 중기 추적을 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 인하대학병원 흉부외과에서 99년 4월부터 2001년 8월까지 제3번 늑골 위 교감신경 차단술을 시행한 환자 94명 중 설문조사가 가능했던 76명(남자 38명, 여자 38명)을 대상으로 전화 설문을 시행하여 평균 25$\pm$9.1개월 간(15∼50개월)의 중기 결과를 추적하였다. 교감신경은 3번째 늑골 상방에서 절단하였다. 환자들의 만족도를 알기 위하여 linear analogue scale을 사용하였다 (100: 가장 만족함). 결과: 수술 후 만족도에 관한 질문에서 100점 만점 기준일 때 수술 직후 만족도가 92.36$\pm$9.93 인데 비해 수술 후 15개월에는 7l.80$\pm$20.24로 만족도가 감소하였으며(p<0.001) 이러한 만족도 감소의 이유는 보상성 다한증과 증상 재발 때문이었다. 땀나는 정도도 수술 직후 중앙값 0에서 15개월 후 중앙값 1.5로 증가하였다. 보상성 다한증의 경우 수술 직후 중앙값 1에서 수술 15개월 후 5로 증가하였다. 결론: 이와 같은 결과로 제3번 늑골 위 교감 신경 차단술의 경우 수술 직후에는 훌륭한 치료 효과를 보이나 수술 15개월 후에는 치료효과가 점차 감소한다. 불만족의 가장 흔한 이유는 보상성 다한증과 다한증의 재발이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1990

SCK 종양세포를 이식받은 mice에 Fluosol-DA $20\%$를 정맥주사한 후 이 종양세포를 추출하여 in vitro 실험으로 측정해 본 방사선 체포생존곡선의 Do와 Dq의 값은 Fluosol-DA $20\%$를 투여하지 않은 대조군과 대동소이하여 Fluosol-DA $20\%$가 방사선 감수성 자체에 미치는 영향은 미미하다고 해석되었다. 또한 Fluosol-DA $20\%$만을 투여한 종양의 산소분압($PO_2$)에는 별 변화가 없었으나 Fluosol-DA $20\%$를 Carbogen 흡입하에 투여시킨 종양에선 대조군의 산소분압 중앙값 4 mmHg가 62mmHg로 10배이상 증가되어 reoxygenation effect를 직접 증명할 수 있었고 hypoxic cell fraction도 약 8배정도 감소됨을 규명하였다. 한편 Carbogen만을 단독으로 흡입시킨 종양의 경우에도 산소분압의 증가를 관찰할 수 있었으나 Fluosol-DA $20\%$ 병용군보다는 산소분압상승 효과가 미약함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 Fluosol-DA $20\%$에 의한 방사선 반응의 향상은 방사선 감수성의 증가보다는 reoxygenation의 결과이며 reoxygenation 효과를 개선하기 위해서는 Fluosol-DA의 단독투여보다는 Car-bogen 흡입하에서 Fluosol-OA $20\%$의 투여가 이상적이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.42.1-42.20
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• 2022

Vaccination with tumor peptide epitopes associated with MHC class I molecules is an attractive approach directed at inducing tumor-specific CTLs. However, challenges remain in improving the therapeutic efficacy of peptide epitope vaccines, including the low immunogenicity of peptide epitopes and insufficient stimulation of innate immune components in vivo. To overcome this, we aimed to develop and test an innovative strategy that elicits potent CTL responses against tumor epitopes. The essential feature of this strategy is vaccination using tumor epitope-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in combination with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) and anti-PD1 mAb. Carboxylated NPs were prepared using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene/maleic anhydride), covalently conjugated with anti-H-2K^b mAbs, and then attached to H-2K^b molecules isolated from the tumor mass (H-2^b). Native peptides associated with the H-2K^b molecules of H-2K^b-attached NPs were exchanged with tumor peptide epitopes. Tumor peptide epitope-loaded NPs efficiently induced tumor-specific CTLs when used to immunize tumor-bearing mice as well as normal mice. This activity of the NPs significantly was increased when co-administered with poly-IC. Accordingly, the NPs exerted significant anti-tumor effects in mice implanted with EG7-OVA thymoma or B16-F10 melanoma, and the anti-tumor activity of the NPs was significantly increased when applied in combination with poly-IC. The most potent anti-tumor activity was observed when the NPs were co-administered with both poly-IC and anti-PD1 mAb. Immunization with tumor epitope-loaded NPs in combination with poly-IC and anti-PD1 mAb in tumor-bearing mice can be a powerful means to induce tumor-specific CTLs with therapeutic anti-tumor activity.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.416-423
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 내부표적체적을 통한 방사선치료계획을 분석하여 호흡연동방사선치료에 주로 이용되는 호기상태의 치료계획체적과 비교 분석하여 정상조직이 받은 선량을 알아보았다. 2013년 12월부터 2014년 6월까지 모 대학교병원 방사선종양학과에서 복부부위에 호흡연동방사선치료를 받은 환자 25명을 대상으로 하였으며, 암의 종류는 liver(64%), CBD(8%), gastric(8%), GB(8%), pancreas(8%), SMA(4%)이었다. ITV와 PTV 체적의 평균치는 $471.44cm^3$, $425.48cm^3$ 로 체적의 증가를 알 수 있었고, PTV구간에서 ITV구간으로 선택한 구간의 증가로 인해 정상조직체적 또한 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 정상조직체적의 증가, target volume 증가, 치료조사야 면적증가의 차이와 정상조직이 받은 선량평균치의 차이에서는 right kidney가 유의한 증가를 보였다. 호흡평균치에 따른 정상조직이 받은 선량평균치의 차이는 없었고 target moving과 정상조직의 선량평균치의 차이에서는 both kidney가 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 PTV구간과 ITV구간 체적 설정을 통한 치료방법이 모두 정상조직의 보호선량에 적합하였으며, 처방선량의 95% 이상이 분포하였으므로 환자의 치료목적에 따라 선택적으로 사용되어도 무방할 것이라 사료된다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.320-330
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• 1999

Nursing, a behavior of caring, means a connection of patients and clients has done through the caring of clients. Nurses are always with patients. In fact, caring is very important and the core of nursing, the true meaning of caring was embedded in our custom and consciousness before the approach of academic research. As a result, the existence of caring has not seen and revealed. Therefore, there is a need to study and confirm that caring has been placed in nursing and, nurses are doing caring in practice. The purpose of this study is to present the basis of nursing theory and practice through careful analysis of presence being, an aspect of caring. The presence of nurse shows a personal and healing relationship between nurses and patients on the basis of the respect for the humanity, Also, the role of nurses is to help a patient to integrate one's physical, mental and spritual aspects. Thanks to role of nurse, the pratical nursing has the characteristic of art and becomes more aesthetic and artistic. As we have seen above, we define 'presence' as 'being there' and 'being with' a patient for the purpose of meeting the health care needs. The attributes for which presence would be most appropriate would include the following : (1) being with and being together (2) take attention (3) mutual openness (4) experience an empathy (5) have an intention (6) therapeutic interaction process A caring situation as a necessary condition must be presupposed and the factors in that situation are the nurse's intense attention to the patient and a humanistic philosophy of the institutions of the patient. In any nursing intervention skill, there is listening, touching, giving hope, reassurancing, comforting and so on ; as a result, some positive effects can be expected between nurse and patient.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8127-8134
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• 2014

Background: Qigong is highly favoured among Asian breast cancer survivors for enhancing health. This study examined the hypothesis that quality of life (QoL) in the Qigong group is better than the placebo (aerobic) or usual care group. Materials and Methods: A total of 197 participants were randomly assigned to either the 8-week Kuala Lumpur Qigong Trial or control groups in 2010-2011. Measurement taken at baseline and post-intervention included QoL, distress and fatigue. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Kruskal Wallis were used to examine for differences between groups in the measurements. Results: There were 95 consenting participants in this 8week trial. The adherence rates were 63% for Qigong and 65% for the placebo group. The Qigong group showed significant marginal improvement in Quality of life scores compared to placebo (mean difference=7.3 unit; p=0.036), compared to usual care (mean difference=6.7 unit; p=0.048) on Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-Breast measure. There were no significant changes between the placebo and usual care groups in fatigue or distress at post intervention (8-week). Conclusions: Cancer survivors who participated in the Qigong intervention showed slightly better QOL. Follow up studies are greatly needed to evaluate which subgroups may best benefit from Qigong. With a steep rise of cancer survivors, there is an urgent need to explore and engage more cultural means of physical activity to fight side effects of treatment and for cancer control in developing countries.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.297.2-297.2
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• 2016

Photoacoustic generation of ultrasound is an effective approach for development of high-frequency and high-amplitude ultrasound transmitters. This requires an efficient energy converter from optical input to acoustic output. For such photoacoustic conversion, various light-absorbing materials have been used such as metallic coating, dye-doped polymer composite, and nanostructure composite. These transmitters absorb laser pulses with 5-10 ns widths for generation of tens-of-MHz frequency ultrasound. The short optical pulse leads to rapid heating of the irradiated region and therefore fast thermal expansion before significant heat diffusion occurs to the surrounding. In this purpose, nanocomposite thin films containing gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), or carbon nanofibers have been recently proposed for high optical absorption, efficient thermoacosutic transfer, and mechanical robustness. These properties are necessary to produce a high-amplitude ultrasonic output under a low-energy optical input. Here, we investigate carbon nanotube (CNT)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite transmitters and their nanostructure-originated characteristics enabling extraordinary energy conversion. We explain a thermoelastic energy conversion mechanism within the nanocomposite and examine nanostructures by using a scanning electron microscopy. Then, we measure laser-induced damage threshold of the transmitters against pulsed laser ablation. Particularly, laser-induced damage threshold has been largely overlooked so far in the development of photoacoustic transmitters. Higher damage threshold means that transmitters can withstand optical irradiation with higher laser energy and produce higher pressure output proportional to such optical input. We discuss an optimal design of CNT-PDMS composite transmitter for high-amplitude pressure generation (e.g. focused ultrasound transmitter) useful for therapeutic applications. It is fabricated using a focal structure (spherically concave substrate) that is coated with a CNT-PDMS composite layer. We also introduce some application examples of the high-amplitude focused transmitter based on the CNT-PDMS composite film.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2010

The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, a model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes (T2D), develops hyperglycemic obesity with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance after the age of 25 weeks, similar to patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present study, we determined whether there are differences in the pattern of gene expression related to glucose and lipid metabolism between OLETF rats and their control counterparts, Long-Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats. The experiment was done using 35-week-old OLETF and LETO rats. At week 35 male OLETF rats showed overt T2D and increases in blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma triglycerides (TG) and plasma total cholesterol (TC). Livers of diabetic OLETF and LETO rats also showed differences in expression of mRNA for glucose and lipid metabolism related genes. Among glucose metabolism related genes, GAPDH mRNA was significantly higher and FBPase and G6Pase mRNA were significantly lower in OLETF rats. For lipid metabolism related genes, HMGCR, SCD1 and HL mRNA were substantially higher in OLETF rats. These results indicate that gluconeogenesis in OLETF rats is lower and glycolysis is higher, which means that glucose metabolism might be compensated for by a lowering of the blood glucose level. However, lipid synthesis is increased in OLETF rats so diabetes may be aggravated. These differences between OLETF and LETO rats suggest mechanisms that could be targeted during the development of therapeutic agents for diabetes.