• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

This work investigated the performance improvement of a medium-pressure fixed-displacement-type SPUR gear pump, which is mainly used in the machine tool industry. The 3D CFX analysis and IS technique were applied using ANSYS (commercial FEM code) and compared with experimental results to ensure the reliability of the analysis. In addition, the performance improvement of the pump was obtained using the theoretical volumetric displacement equation, and the gear tooth width was changed. The pressure flow performance curves were compared, and the results were analyzed according to the width of the gear teeth. This is a factor that can cause irregular flow, vibration, and noise inside the gear pump owing to friction between the housing and gear pump.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1983

U shape multitube heat exchanger was equipped in the flue to recover the exhaust heat from the boiler system. The fluids of the exhaust heat recovery equipment were the flue gas as the hot fluid, and the water as the cold fluid. The flow geometry of the fluids was cross flow - two pass, the hot fluid being mixed and the cold fluid unmixed. The results of the theoretical and the experimental analysis and the economic evaluation are summarized as follows. 1) The heat exchanger effectiveness and the temperature efficiency of the hot fluid were about 35% when the fuel consumption rate was 140 - 150 L/15min. The temperature efficiency for the cold fluid ranged from 3.0% to 4.5%. The insulation efficiency ranged from 85% to 98%, which was better than the KS air preheater insulation efficiency of 90%. 2) The relationship between the fuel consumption rate, F, and the outlet temperature, $T_{h2}$, of the flue gas from the heat exchanger was $T_{h2}$ = 0.927F + 110. In order to prevent the low temperature corrosion from the coagulation of $SO_3$, it is necessary to maintain the fuel consumption rate above 82 L/15min. 3) The ratio of the exhaust heat from the boiler system to the total energy consumption was about 14.5%. With the installation of the exhaust heat recovery equipment, the energy recovery ratio to the exhaust heat was about 25%. Accordingly, about 3.6% of the total fuel consumption was estimated to be saved. 4) Economic analysis indicated that the installation of the exhaust heat recovery equipment was feasible to save the energy, because the capital reocvery period was only 10 months when the fuel consumption rate was 80 L/15min. 4 months when it was 160 L/15min. 5) Based on the theoretical and the experimental analysis, it was estimated to save the energy of about 18 million Won per year, if four heat exchangers are installed in a factory. 6) A further study is recommended to identify the relationship among the flow rate of the exhaust gas, the size of the heat exchanger and the capacity of the air preheater. For a maximum heat recovery from the exhaust gas an automatic control system is required to control the flow rate of the cold fluid depending on the boiler load.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2014

이차전지에서 충전이나 방전시 발생하는 수소-산소 혼합기체의 재결합반응용 촉매들의 성능을 측정하고 모델식을 정립 및 해석하여 실험값과 비교하였다. 전기분해셀을 이용하여 수소-산소 혼합기체를 발생시켰으며 고정층 촉매 반응기를 사용하여 촉매의 성능을 측정하였다. 생성된 물의 양과 전기 분해셀에서 감소된 전해질 양의 비인 수율은 전해셀내 전해질인 KOH의 농도 및 인가전류의 크기가 커질수록 증가함을 보였으며 촉매 1의 성능이 가장 우수하였고 수율은 60%이하의 값을 보였다. 이론적인 패러데이 법칙을 이용하여 계산된 패러데이 수율은 촉매 1의 경우 거의 최대 100%에 가까운 수율도 보여주었다. 여러 촉매들은 유량속도에 따라 물의 생성량의 범위가 5-40 g/day인 성능을 보여주었다. 준균질 촉매 반응기 모델식으로 해석한 결과 반응기 내부의 가장 뜨거운 부분은 유량속도가 커질수록 출구 쪽으로 이동하고 온도는 $440-480^{\circ}K$ 사이였으며 점화온도에는 못 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반응기 출구에서의 평균 수소농도로부터 계산한 물의 생성량을 실험값과 비교한 결과 유량속도가 약 $0.5cm^3/sec$이하인 경우 모델 결과와 부합됨을 알 수 있었으나 그 이상의 유량속도에서는 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2005

실증용 UO$_{2}$ pellet 산화로의 실증을 위한 제한된 핫셀 공간 안에서 사용후 핵 연료를 취급하는 산화로는 소형화 하여야 하고, 사용후 핵 연료 분말은 UO$_{2}$ pellet 산화로 장치로부터 비산되지 않아야 한다. 본 연구에서는 분말의 최종속도를 구하기 위하여 Stokes식과 밀도비식을 제안하였다. U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ 의 최종속도 SiO$_{2}$ 의 최종속도를 사용하여 예측하였고, 비산방지를 할 수 있는 최적유량을 결정하였다. SiO$_{2}$ 의 이론 최종속도 식을 검증하고, U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ 과 관계식을 예측하기 위하여 아크릴 장치를 만들었다. 목업시설 에 설치 된 산화로에서 제안된 이론최종속도식 인 Stokes식 의 20 L/min과 밀도비식의 14.5 L/min을 적용하여 U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ 분말의 필터감지에 의해 검증하였다. 그 결과 밀도비식에 의한 14.5 L/min은 U$_{3}$O$_{8}$ 이전혀 검출되지 않았고, Stokes식의 20 L/min에서는 평균 7$\mu$m 의 입도분말이 검출되었다. 따라서 UO$_{2}$ pellet 산화로에서 U$_{3}$O$_{8}$이 비산되지 않는 최적유량은 14.5L/min임을 알 수 있었고, 제안된 밀도비식이 바람직함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1390-1398
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• 2006

A gerotor pump is suitable for oil hydraulics of machine tools, automotive engines, compressors, constructions and other various applications. In particular the pump is an essential machine element that feeds lubricant oil in an automotive engine. The subject of this paper is the theoretical analysis of internal lobe pump whose the main components are the two rotors. Usually the outer one is characterized by lobes with a circular shape, while the inner rotor profile is determined as a conjugate to the other. For this reason the first topic presented here is the definition of the geometry of the rotors starting from the design parameters. The choice of these parameters is subject to some limitations in order to limit the pressure angle between the rotors. Now we will consider the design optimization. The first step is the determination of the instantaneous flow rate as a function of the design parameter. This allows us to calculate three performance indexes commonly used for the study of positive displacement pumps the flow rate irregularity, the specific flow rate, and the specific slipping. These indexes are used to optimize the design of the pump and to obtain the sets of optimum design parameter Results obtained from the analysis enable the designer and manufacturer of the oil pump to be more efficient in this field.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2006

A gerotor pump is suitable for oil hydraulics of machine tools, automotive engines, compressors, constructions and other various applications. Especially the pump is an essential machine element of an automotive engine to feed lubricant oil. The subject of this paper is the theoretical analysis of the internal lobe pump which is a particular type of positive displacement pump. The main components of the pump are rotors; usually the outer rotor profile is characterized by lobes with circular shape, while the inner rotor profile is determined as conjugate as the outer rotor profile. For this reason the topic presented here is the definition of the geometry of the rotors starting from the design parameters. The choice of these parameters is subject to some limitations in order to avoid cusp and loop between rotors. And the integrated system which is composed of three main modules has been developed through AutoLISP & Visual Basic and CAD considering various design parameters. It generates automatically an designed model for a general type of a gerotor pump and allows us to calculate two performances indexes commonly used for the study of positive displacement pumps: the flow rate and flow rate irregularity. Results obtained using the system enable the designer and manufacturer of oil pump to be more efficient in this field.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.614-622
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• 2011

An internal lobe pump is suitable for oil hydraulics of machine tools, automotive engines, compressors, constructions and other various applications. In particular, the pump is an essential machine element of an automotive engine to feed lubricant oil. The subject of this paper is the theoretical analysis of internal lobe pump whose the main components are the rotors: usually the outer one is characterized by lobe with multiple profile(ellipse1, involute and ellipse2) shapes, while the inner rotor profile is determined as conjugate to the other. Also, the design of outer rotor depends on new applications with removing carryover phenomenon. The system generates new lobe profile and calculates automatically the flow rate and flow rate irregularity according to the lobe profile generated. In order to obtain rotor shapes in performance and to find optimize the design parameters, a Taguchi method is proposed in this paper. Results obtained from the analysis enable the designer and manufacturer of oil pump to be more efficient in this field.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.627-641
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• 2014

Functionally graded steels (FGSs) are a family of functionally graded materials (FGMs) consisting of ferrite (${\alpha}$), austenite (${\gamma}$), bainite (${\beta}$) and martensite (M) phases placed on each other in different configurations and produced via electroslag remelting (ESR). In this research, the flow stress of dual layer austenitic-martensitic functionally graded steels under hot deformation loading has been modeled considering the constitutive equations which describe the continuous effect of temperature and strain rate on the flow stress. The mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity theory is used here to determine the position of each layer considering the relationship between the hardness of the layer and the composite dislocation density profile. Then, the released energy of each layer under a specified loading condition (temperature and strain rate) is related to the dislocation density utilizing the mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity theory. The flow stress of the considered FGS is obtained by using the appropriate coefficients in the constitutive equations of each layer. Finally, the theoretical model is compared with the experimental results measured in the temperature range $1000-1200^{\circ}C$ and strain rate 0.01-1 s-1 and a sound agreement is found.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.75-98
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• 2017

This paper aims to estimate the social discount rate (SDR) rather than dig into its theoretical foundation. As SDRs can be derived by investigating both the rate of return on investment and the social time preference rate, we estimate the marginal productivity of both private and public capital and the time preference rate based on the Euler equation. In order to provide a single representative SDR, the weighted averages of the marginal productivity and time preference rate, whose weights are determined by the flow of funds data reflecting the social demand of funds, are presented. Based on the empirical results, we argue that the marginal productivity of private capital stands in the middle of the 3% range while that of public capital varies from 4.5% to 8.6%, with the time preference rate showing a decreasing trend from 3.2% in the early 2000s to 1.2% by around 2030. The single representative SDR or the weighted SDR is estimated to be approximately 3.0~4.5% and expected to continue its downward trend for the foreseeable future.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

This study investigates the problem of phase change from liquid to solid in the inviscid stagnation flow. The solution of dimensionless governing equations is determined by the three dimensionless parameters of (temperature ratio/conductivity ratio), Stefan number, and diffusi-vity ratio. The solution at the initial stage of freezing is obtained by expanding it in powers of time, and the final equilibrium state is determined from the steady-state governing equations. The equilibrium state is dependent on (temperature ratio/conductivity ratio), but is independent of Stefan number and diffusivity ratio. The effect of fluid flow on the pure conduction problem can be clearly seen from the solution of the initial stage and the final equilibrium state, and the characteristics of the solidification process for all the dimensionless parameters are elucidated.