• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.83-95
• /
• 1988

Phytomass, annual net production, respiration, annual gros production and litter fall were estimated in young Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantations reforested 1,2,3,6,9 and 11 years ago, respectivly. The estimated phytomasses in terms of allometry were 0.07, 0.44, 0.58, 13.37, 32.26 and 48.42ton/ha/yr for annual net production and those of understory with harvest method were 3.70, 4.52, 5.28, 6.72, 7.56 and 5.72ton/ha for standing phytomass and 5.01, 4.71, 5.52m 6.15, 4.51 and 2.08 ton/ha/yr for annual net production at 1,2,3,6,9 and 11 year old plantation, respectively. Although the standing phytomass of understory increased gradually until 9 years thereafter decreased, that of white pine increased suddenly from 6 years after reforestation. The ratios of the annyal net production of understory to that of white pine were 71.57, 1.48 and 0.23 at 1,6 and 11 year old plantations, respectively. The net production in calorie value for whole vegetation of the plantations, respectively. The net production in calorie value for whole vegetation of the plantations increased until 9 years thereafter decreased; i.e. 224, 221, 280, 466, 527 and 494X105 kcal/ha/yr at 1,2,3,6,9 and 11 year old plantation, respectivey. The ratio of annual net production to annual gross production of the undersoty was lower than that of the pine at the same plantation age. Efficiency of solat energy untilization for net production by the pine was lower than that by understory y\until six ear old plantation but that was vice versa over 9 year old plantation. That for gross producrion by the pine was lower than that by the unsersotry at all plantations.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.48 no.11
• /
• pp.595-596
• /
• 2015

Skeletal muscle exhibits a loss of muscle mass and function with age. Decreased regenerative potential of muscle stem/progenitor cells is a major underlying cause of sarcopenia. We analyzed microRNAs (miRNA) that are differentially expressed in young and old myoblasts, to identify novel intrinsic factors that play a degenerative role in aged skeletal muscle. miR-431, one of decreasing miRNAs in old myoblasts, improved the myogenic differentiation when overexpressed in old myoblast, but suppressed their myogenic capability in knockdowned young myoblasts. We found that miR-431 directly binds to 3` untranslated regions (UTR) of Smad4 mRNA, and decreases its expression. Given that SMAD4 is one of the downstream effectors of TGF-β, a well-known degenerative signaling pathway in myogenesis, the decreased miR-431 in old myoblast causes SMAD4 elevation, thus resulting in defective myogenesis. Exogenous expression of miR-431 greatly improved the muscle regeneration in the cardiotoxin-injured hindlimb muscle of old mice by reducing SMAD4 levels. Since the miR-431 seed sequence is conserved in human SMAD4 3'UTR, miR-431 regulates the myogenic capacity of human skeletal myoblasts in the same manner. Our results suggest that age-associated miR-431 is required for the maintenance of the myogenic capability in myoblasts, thus underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target to slow down muscle aging.

• Kosin Medical Journal
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.396-401
• /
• 2018

Extraction of old pacemaker leads remains a complex procedure owing to fibrotic encapsulation and lead adhesions. We report a case of extraction of 15-year-old pacemaker leads by weight and pulley method. A 81-year-old man presented with exposed pacemaker leads out of body with purulent discharge from a pacemaker insertion site. He inserted DDD (dual chamber pacing, dual chamber sensing dual function) pacemaker implantation 15 years ago for SSS. Previously pacemaker battery was removed 3 years ago due to recurrent infection of pacemaker scar site. We extracted the pacemaker leads by weight and pulley method successfully without any complications.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.97-125
• /
• 2024

The purpose of this study is to increase access to information on old maps and to discuss efficient ways to utilize old maps, such as providing services and information using old maps. To this end, the information search system of domestic institutions that provide old map information was investigated, and methods of searching for old map data and accessing information were searched on the website. In addition, the current status of the collection of old maps in domestic libraries and museums was analyzed by referring to the homepage, book, research book, and publication of each institution. As a result of the analysis, about 2,200 old maps were housed in 76 institutions, including national, public, and university libraries and museums nationwide. Each institution in the collection of old maps was carrying out publication business, such as publication of English manuscripts, exhibitions and books, publication of research document edits such as lists and summaries. However, reading and using of original documents are limited due to the rare nature of old maps and the data characteristics of the only one. In order to effectively utilize old maps, first, it is necessary to improve access to old map information services and expand academic information services. Second, it is proposed to use old maps as data for archival construction that reflects the identity of the region. Third, it is necessary to cultivate professional manpower who selects and provides information based on knowledge of old map data and humanities literacy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2010

Enzyme replacement of therapy (ERT) is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. ERT is available in three types of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS): for MPS I (Aludrazyme$^{(R)}$), MPS II (Elaprase$^{(R)}$) and MPS VI (Naglazyme$^{(R)}$) patients who are over 5 years old. But recently, early diagnosis can be done by expert clinicians and even in prenatal case. We describe the case of ERT under 5 years old MPS patients. Up to June, 2010 in Samsung Medical Center, there are 6patients who were diagnosed as MPS and started ERT under 5 years old. 3 patients were MPS I, 3 patients were MPS II. 2 patient who was diagnosed as MPS I was female and others were male. Their age at diagnosis were 4 to 37month-old (4, 13, 16, 25, 27, 37 month-old) and they are now 9 to 60 month-old (9, 39, 32, 81, 60 month-old). The youngest patient was started ERT at 4 month-old and others were started at their 13 to 49 month-old (13, 29, 27, 28, 49 month-old). First manifested symptoms of patients were macrocephaly, kyphosis and coarse face appearance. Especially, in 2 of them, one was MPS I and the other was MPS II had elder brother with same disease. And the youngest one was diagnosed by the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene analysis from chorionic villi sampling. His mother knew that she was a heterozygous carrier of IDS gene mutation because her younger brother died from MPS II. All of them confirmed as MPS by the enzyme assay in leukocytes and fibroblast skin culture. We started ERT with ${\alpha}$-L-iduronidase(Aldurazyme$^{(R)}$) to MPS I and did recombinant human iduronate-2-sulfatase (Elaprase$^{(R)}$) to MPS II patients as recommended dose as over 5 years old. But for MPS II patient who was 4 month old, we started ERT by recombinant human IDS (Elaprase$^{(R)}$) with reduced dose 0.1 mg/kg and increased dose every 2 weeks by 0.1mg/kg up to 0.5mg/kg IV infusion. During ERT, all patients had no adverse effects and the excretion of GAGs were decreased. We have evaluated other clinical symptoms such as liver/ spleen volume, heart function and neurologic evaluation. We describe a successful ERT to MPS I and MPS II patient under 5 years old without any adverse event. It indicates that ERT in young children are well tolerated and that it has several effects which may confer clinical benefits with long-term therapy.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.18
• /
• pp.6.2-7
• /
• 1993

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.45-57
• /
• 2016

This study examined the effect factors for the preparations for the old age on the current satisfaction of life of the middle-aged. A survey of middle aged people living in Seoul and metropolitan areas was conducted. The data from 442 subjects were collected from 450 questionnaires excluding 8 incomplete datasets and analyzed. The results were as follows. First, the emotional and economical preparations for the old age had influences on the emotional satisfaction positively. Second, the educational background, jobs for technician/working, emotional and physical preparations for old age had a positive effect on the physical satisfaction. Third, the household income, emotional and economical preparation for the old age had a positive influence on the economical satisfaction. Fourth, sex, emotional preparations for old age had a positive effect on the social relation satisfaction. The research results suggested that the preparations for the old age should be arranged from the middle-aged years because it is difficult to improve the satisfaction of life for old age in the elderly.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.3D
• /
• pp.391-401
• /
• 2011

The Implementation Semi-Public Management System of Intra-City Bus brings improvements of the position stability, work environment and welfare of the bus drivers. As these benefits prevent drivers' job changes, average age of the drivers increases. Some side effects such as fatality increase after the implementation of the new system are becoming social problems. To minimize such problems, it is necessary to prepare the measurements reflected drivers' age increase and driving characteristics of old drivers to decrease traffic accidents of intra-city buses. The existing measurements are mostly simple policy. To get over such limitations, this study grasped driving characteristics by surveys and driving aptitude test targeting old drivers and non-old drivers who brings about traffic accidents actually. As a result, the characteristics of the old drivers were understood precisely. The measures of decrease of the traffic accidents are suggested by the analysis of the behavior characteristics of the old drivers through the structural equation model.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.10
• /
• pp.909-918
• /
• 2020

This study, not only investigates the important role of lifelong learning in shaping young people's knowledge and in maximizing their potential, but also aims to shed light on the influencing factors of lifelong learning of young people in Vietnam. The author applied STATA and SPSS to analyze quantitative data collected from questionnaires with 332 respondents aged between 19 years old and 24 years old. Based on a holistic review of literature, this study concludes that four driver factors affect young people's lifelong learning ability, comprising: organizational culture, motivation, human resource development, and domestic private type of enterprise. The results emphasize the positivity of organizational culture, human resource development, and the nature of work, especially organizational culture and human resource development, which are dominant reasons for young people to maintain lifelong learning. The relationship between demographics and lifelong learning was tested and it indicated that male has a stronger interest in learning than female. The result of the study also shows the impact of different types of business sectors on employees' learning intentions. It points out that the domestic private type of enterprise is the most effective factor that has a positive relationship with the lifelong learning of the individual.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.211-219
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The study compared the rest-activity rhythm and sleep pattern of elderly with young group. Methods: The subjects were 22 over than 65 years old and 23 under 65 years old. An actigraph, sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index scale were used as measurement tools for this study. The data were analyzed with $x^2$, Lamda test, t-test and correlation with SPSS 15.0 program. Results: The elderly had lower curve than the young group in rest-activity rhythm on each time zone. In particular, the elderly group had lower rest-activity rhythm curve of 8, 9, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 time zone than those of young group. Sleep pattern had statistical difference in the total sleep time, PSQI and insomnia. Total sleep time of elderly had lower score and PSQI and Insomnia had higher score than young group. Age had correlation with rest-activity rhythm, sleep efficiency, PSQI and insomnia. Conclusion: Rest-activity rhythm of the elderly showed an increase in activity in the early morning because of earlier get up than the young group and an decrease in activity in the afternoon because of taking a nap at this time. Elderly sleep was that total sleep time increased but sleep efficiency decreased and insomnia intensified. This sleep pattern was related to age and rest-activity rhythm.