• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.383-388
• /
• 2004

This study was designed to identify how the incidence and severity of premenstrual. syndrome (PMS) correlate with the nutrient intakes and exercise habit of women. The subjects of this study were 299 women residing in Busan metropolitan city. Each subject was asked to complete a menstrual discomfort questionnaire (MDQ) for PMS and nutrient intakes. PMS symptom scores of women in their twenties ranked in order of severity were: behavioral change (2.45), followed by pain (2.36) and water retention (2.28), negative effects (2.20), autonomic reaction (1.91), arousal (1.87), decreased concentration (1.76) and decreased control (1.74). For Women in their thirties, the symptom of pain was the most dominant (2.93) followed by autonomic reaction (2.69) and behavioral change (2.54), and for those in their forties, negative effect (3.06) was highest, followed by pain (2.97) and autonomic reaction (2.86). The overall symptoms of PMS significantly increased with age (20': 2.07 points, 30': 2.34 points, 40': 2.47 points). There was no correlation of the BMI of the subjects with the symptoms of PMS, but there was a significant negative correlation between the symptoms of PMS and exercise frequency for women in their thirties and forties. Subjects in their twenties exhibited a significant negative correlation for PMS symptoms with the intake of carbohydrate (p < 0.05), calcium (p < 0.05) and vitamin E (p < 0.05). For subjects in their thirties, PMS symptoms were negatively correlated with the intake of calcium (p < 0.05) and vitamin C (p < 0.05); and in women in their forties, calcium (p < 0.01) and carbohydrate (p < 0.05) intakes were negatively correlated with PMS symptoms. This suggests that PMS represents the clinical manifestation of a nutrient deficiency state, especially calcium. Therefore, we concluded that nutrient supplementation and exercise management are likely to be of benefit in relieving PMS symptoms.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.53
• /
• pp.219-249
• /
• 2018

This essay attempts a historical examination of educational function of the novel. It pays attention to the eighteenth century sentimentalism, and its historical vicissitudes up to early twenties century. The eighteenth century is the period in which debates on the nature of emotion and its moral and aesthetic role have passionately taken place and the modern paradigm of thought on affect has been formed. This is why "affect revival phenomenon" in the late twenties century goes back to this period. This essay finds in Adam Smith the most sophisticated arguments on sympathy in their relation to the development of the novel; it examines the relationship of Smith's argument with modern novel in the tradition of sentimentalism, and its revision in modernist novel. Through this examination, it discusses how cognitive and non-cognitive approaches, the two representative positions in contemporary thinking on emotion/affect, have revised and transformed the eighteenth century sentimentalism.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the Effect of Lunge Exercise on the Balance of Stable and Unstable Supporting surface. Method : The experimenter was a healthy twenties male and female. The period was two weeks, divided into a stable group and a unstable group. Setting the holding time 4 sec 3 sets of 10 times using the Stable and Unstable Supporting Surfaces. The break time was set at one minute for each set. Balance cushions were used for unstable supporting surfaces. Results : After Lunge Exercise, Both groups had an impact on improving their ability to balance. Conclusion : There has not been much change in the ability to balance the stable and Unstable Supporting Surfaces. However, considering surface conditions, the pre and post exercise comparisons had an effect on improving the ability to balance.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.164-177
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify sex role identity into groups and analyze the difference of social face sensitivity and appearance management behaviors by sex role identity. Questionnaires were administered to 306 people in their twenties and thirties living in Daegu Metropolitan City and Kyoungbuk province. The data was analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, credibility, ${\chi}^2$-test, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and t-test. The findings were as follows. Sex role identity were classified into four groups (androgyny, masculineness, feminineness, and undifferentiation). Men in androgyny group showed the highest rate of 41.3% followed by undifferentiation(24.7%), masculineness(21.3%), and feminineness(12.7%). Women in undifferentiation group showed the highest rate of 35.9% followed by feminineness(24.4%), androgyny(23.7%), and masculineness(16.0%). Social face sensitivity were composed of four factors (consciousness of being embarrassed, social formality, other consciousness, and prestige). Appearance management behaviors were composed of six factors (skin management, fashion image management, plastic surgery management, weight management, hair management, and health management). According to the result of a significant difference between social face sensitivity and appearance management behaviors by sex role identity, male showed significant difference between the sub-variables of social face sensitivity factors (consciousness of being embarrassed, social formality, and other consciousness). Both of the male and female showed a significance of difference in consciousness of being embarrassed, and social formality. Male showed significant difference between the sub-variables of appearance management behaviors factors (fashion image management, weight management, hair management, and health management). Both of the male and female showed a significance of difference in fashion image management. Gender of twenties and thirties showed distinction between the sub-variables of social face sensitivity factors (consciousness of being embarrassed, and prestige) and appearance management behaviors (skin management, fashion image management, plastic surgery management, weight management, and hair management).

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.527-533
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) corresponding to body mass index (BMI) of $25kg/m^2$ and to survey the prevalence of hypertension according to obesity in female college students. Method: Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure were measured for each of 286 female college students in J City, Chungbuk. Results: The subjects' mean BMI was $21.4kg/m^2$, and the estimated prevalence of obesity was 11.2%. The subjects, the 80th-90th percentile of whom had BMI exceeding $25kg/m^2$, were found to have WC of 75-78.1 cm and WHR of 0.79-0.80, respectively. Of the subjects with obesity($BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$), 53.1% exhibited abdominal obesity ($WC{\geq}80cm$) and 40.6% had WHR over 0.80. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were correlated with BMI, WC, and WHR. The prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with obesity($BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$) was 25%. Additionally, the prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity ($WC{\geq}80cm$) was 39.1%. Conclusions: Our study indicates that WC corresponding to BMI of $25kg/m^2$ in female subjects in their twenties is different from that of adult women. We also found that the prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity was high. Therefore. we suggest further studies to determine the cutoff value of WC for evaluating abdominal obesity and to investigate the long-term effects of obesity on women in their twenties.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.415-424
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study is to present a standard value for clinical crown angulation and inclination required in laboratory process and see if the value can be used for actual laboratory process. Methods: In order to find out a standard value for clinical crown angulation and inclination, this study made a study model of normal occlusion of 21 females in twenties. The clinical crown angulation and inclination of both six-maxillary and six-mandibular anterior teeth are measured by Set-up Model Checker. From the measured value above, the mean and standard deviation of the twelve teeth are obtained, and then the mean of the teeth between right and left side is calculated. Results: Each clinical crown angulation of maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine is like this; $1.0^{\circ}{\pm}1.3^{\circ}$, $3.0^{\circ}{\pm}1.3^{\circ}$, and $5.0^{\circ}{\pm}1.4^{\circ}$. In case of mandibular, each degree is like this; $0.6^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$, $1.5^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$, and $4.1^{\circ}{\pm}1.1^{\circ}$. Each clinical crown inclination of maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor, and canine is like this; $6.1^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$, $4.5^{\circ}{\pm}1.9^{\circ}$, and $-6.2^{\circ}{\pm}1.4^{\circ}$. In case of mandibular, each degree is like this; $0.3^{\circ}{\pm}1.5^{\circ}$, $0.3^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$, and $-7.5^{\circ}{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$. Conclusion: As the result, the mean value for clinical crown angulation and inclination can be referred to actual laboratory process. However, the mean value is different from those of the precedent study and an unsatisfied one for adopting the standard value.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2019

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive investigation study that analyzed the effects of spiritual well-being on stress coping in twenties. Data collection period was from May 1, 2019 to May 20, and 207 people voluntarily participated in the study. The sub-factors of spiritual well-being consisted of religious well-being and existential well-being. The types of stress coping consist of active coping, passive coping, aggressive coping, evasive coping, and social supportive coping. Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. As a result of the analysis, 90 (43.5%) were male and 117 (56.5%) were female. The 71.0% of the participants had no religion, the Buddhists were 14.5%, other religions were 5.8%, Protestants were 4.3%, Catholics were 2.9%, and Won Buddhists were 1.4%. Active coping in stress coping was correlated with religious well-being (r=-.357, p<0.01) and existential well-being (r=.301, p<0.01) under statistical significance. Religious well-being was significantly higher in males (Mean=2.87, SD=.753) than females (Mean=2.49, SD=.772, p<0.01). Existential well-being was also higher in males (Mean=4.25, SD=.841) than in females (Mean=3.95, SD=.694, p<0.01). The religious well-being was significantly higher than active coping (t=6.183, p<0.01), passive coping (t=-3.595, p<0.01), aggressive coping (t=1.991, p<0.05). Existential well-being was significantly higher than active coping (t=5.339, p<0.01), aggressive coping (t=1.659, p<0.05), evasive coping (t=-3.709, p<0.05) at the statistical significance level. Based on the results, it can be suggested that it was necessary to systematically plan spiritual well-being program as a way to cope with stress by knowing that spiritual well-being positively affects active, aggressive stress coping.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate using and evaluative criteria for purchasing of sleepwear in winter. Subjects were 523 males and females aged from twenties to fifties, living in Chongju and Taejon. For data analysis, frequency, descriptive analysis, t-test, and F-test were used. The results are as follows. First, the ownership of sleepwear was sweat suits with zippered top, pajamas, T-shirts/pants, underwear, and nightgown in order. The mean of using sweat suits was used the highest, and subjects used more home wear than sleepwear in winter. Second, the using or sleepwear had a significant difference in cold-sensitiveness and body types. Cold-sensitive group used sweat suit and T-shirts/pants more than cold-insensitive group. Also, groups who are thin wore sweat suit the most while groups who are corpulent, used underwear the most when they slept. Third, subjects, who are married women and use bed, used nightgown, but pajamas were used by groups who are older, married, and professional. Sweat suits and T-shirts/pants were used the most by single aged twenties. Forth, consumers considered the wearing comfort when they purchased sleepwear for winter, and they evaluated washing/management, fabric, design/style, economic, service, brand, and others' response in order, for judging the quality of sleepwear. Also, the evaluative criteria had a significant difference in demographic variables such as sex, occupation, and marital state. These results implied that sleepwear would be needed for winter in terms of behavioral temperature regulation. Especially, cold-sensitive and thin group would wear knitted and two-piece sleepwear for thermal comfort when they sleep in winter. Also, Using and evaluative criteria of sleepwear would be different in demographic characteristics. For winter, sleepwear should be develop based on physiologic as well as demographic variables.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2012

When the subway car stop on track, passengers have to overcome a height of 1.2 m from floor level of the subway car to the level of track for evacuation. In this experiments, participates in the group of twenties or under ages were rapidly jumping down from the subway car. However, Most elderly group were not easy to overcome the height without help of others and some of them were fell and injured. In case of merging flows, the flow rate of the group of twenties was lower than the other cases. If fire occurred in the train and train stopped in the tunnel, it will be needed a lot of total evacuation time because of the heigh difference and wall effect from subway car to outside.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.33-50
• /
• 2019

This study investigates the decision-making processes of Iranian women in their twenties who purchased Hallyu beauty and fashion products. We conducted ten in-depth interviews of Hallyu enthusiasts who previously purchased Hallyu products. Interviewees were recruited using a snowball sampling technique based on nonprobability sampling. Interviews were conducted in the 1:1 in-depth interview format for one hour of each interview from April 11, 2017, to May 14, 2017, using semi-structured questionnaires, and recorded with consent. Our analysis of the characteristics of consumption behaviors of the women used seven steps of the purchase decision-making process. This study used interviews to analyze the following questions. Research Question 1. What is the decision process for Iranian women's consumer products purchase? Research Question 2. What are the characteristics and meaning of each stage of Iranian women's consumer decision-making process? Data collection in this study was limited to participants in their twenties; however, this research will be helpful for future Hallyu and Iranian consumer analysis. A follow-up study should examine the purchasing decisions of women in additional age groups in order to generalize the results.