• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.382-388
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• 2004

The most widely used primary protection for the internal fault detection of power transformers is current percentage differential relaying(PDR). However, the harmonic components could be decreased by magnetizing inrush when there have been changes to the material of iron core or its design methodology. The higher the capacitance of high voltage status and underground distribution, the more differential current includes the second harmonic component during occurrence of an internal fault. Therefore, the conventional harmonic restraint methods need modification. This paper proposes an advanced protective relaying algorithm by fluxt-differential current slope characteristic and trend of voltage and differential current. To evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm, we have made comparative studies of PDR fuzzy relaying, and DWT relaying. The paper is constructed power system model including power transformer, utilizing the WatATP99, and data collection is made through simulation of various internal faults and inrush. As the results of test. the new proposed algorithm was proven to be faster and more reliable.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.907-921
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• 2019

This paper presents two advanced hybrid pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategies for multilevel inverters (MLIs) that provide both common-mode voltage (CMV) elimination and current ripple reduction. The first PWM utilizes sequences that apply one switching state at the double ends of a half-carrier cycle. The second PWM combines the advantages of the former and an existing four-state PWM. Analyses of the harmonic characteristics of the two groups of switching sequences based on a general switching voltage model are carried out, and algorithms to optimize the current ripple are proposed. These methods are simple and can be implemented online for general n-level inverters. Using a three-level NPC inverter and a five-level CHB inverter, good performances in terms of the root mean square current ripple are obtained with the proposed PWM schemes as indicated through improved harmonic distortion factors when compared to existing schemes in almost the entire region of the modulation index. This also leads to a significant reduction in the current total harmonic distortion. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PWM methods.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.2A no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2002

Power transformer protective relay should block the tripping during magnetizing inrush and rapidly operate the tripping during internal faults. Recently, the frequency environment of power system has been made more complicated and the quantity of 2nd frequency component in inrush state has been decreased because of the improvement of core steel. And then, traditional approaches will likely be maloperate in the case of magnetizing inrush with low second harmonic component and internal faults with high second harmonic component. This paper proposes a new relaying algorithm to enhance the fault detection sensitivities of conventional techniques by using a fuzzy logic approach. The proposed fuzzy based relaying algorithm consists of flux-differential current derivative curve, harmonic restraint, and percentage differential characteristic curve. The proposed relaying was tested with relaying signals obtained from EMTP simulation package and showed a fast and accurate trip operation.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2002

Second harmonic generation was measured in porous silicon superlattices surface which were made by changing and anodization current density and the anodization time periodically in the process of obtaining porous silicon. The technique of second harmonic generation is used as a probe to the surface of porous silicon superlattice by using Nd:YAG laser. We have investigated the surface structure and nonlinear-optics properties of porous silicon superlattice.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.94-100
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• 2008

This paper presents a new control method of single-phase active power filter (APF) for the compensation of harmonic current components in nonlinear loads. To facilitate the possibility of complex calculation for harmonic current detection of the single phase, a single-phase system that has two phases was constructed by including an imaginary second-phase giving time delay to the load current. The imaginary phase, which lagged the load current T/4 (Here T is the fundamental cycle) is used in the conventional method. But in this proposed method, the new signal as the second phase is delayed by the filter. Because this control method is applied to a single-phase system, an instantaneous calculation was developed by using the rotating reference frames synchronized to source-frequency rather than by applying instantaneous reactive power theory that uses the conventional fixed reference frames. The control scheme of single-phase APF for the current source with R-L loads is applied to a laboratory prototype to verify the proposed control method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.524-530
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• 2008

The spin valve tunneling magnetoresistance (SV-TMR) sensor performance is analyzed using Stoner-Wohlfarth model for the detection of eddy current signals in nondestructive testing applications. The SV-TMR response in terms of the applied AC magnetic field dominantly generates the second harmonic amplitude in hard axis direction. The second harmonic eddy current signal detection using SV-TMR sensor shows higher performance than that of the coil sensor at lower frequencies. The SV-TMR sensor with high sensitivity gives a good solution to improve the low frequency performance in comparison with the inductive coil sensors. Therefore, the low frequency eddy current techniques based on SV-TMR sensors are specially useful in the detection of hidden defects, and it can be applied to detect the deeply embedded flaws or discontinuities in the conductive materials.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.606-611
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• 2018

Measurement of the nonlinear optical coefficients is not an easy task since it requires complicated experimental setup and analysis. We suggest an easy way to estimate the relative nonlinear optical tensor components by direct measurement of the output powers of the second harmonic generation and spontaneous parametric down conversion experiments. The experiments were done in quasi-phase-matched type-0 as well as type-1 interactions at similar pump wavelengths in a 5% MgO-doped periodically poled $LiNbO_3$ crystal to obtain the ratio of the nonlinear optical tensor components $d_{33}/d_{31}$ in each experiment. The obtained ratios were then compared with the previously ascertained values [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 14, 2268-2294 (1997)].

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.10
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• pp.1639-1647
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• 2016

This paper deals with eddy current loss analysis of Slotless Double sided Cored type permanent magnet linear generator by using analytical method, space harmonic method. In order to calculate eddy current, this paper derives analytical solution by the Maxwell equation, magnetic vector potential, Faraday's law and a two-dimensional(2-D) cartesian coordinate system. First, we derived the armature reaction field distribution produced by armature wingding current. Second, by using derived armature reaction field solution, the analytical solution for eddy current density distribution are also obtained. Finally, the analytical solution for eddy current loss induced in permanent magnets(PMs) are derived by using equivalent, electrical resistance calculated from PMs volume and eddy current density distribution solution. The analytical result from space harmonic method are validated extensively by comparing with finite element method(FEM).

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.11
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• pp.2149-2154
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• 2009

Electric power quality in power transmission/distribution systems has considerably been deteriorated with the increase in the capacity of distributed generators (DGs). It is because inverters, connecting DGs to conventional power grids, tend to generate harmonic current and voltage. For harmonic mitigation, a large amount of research has been done on passive and active filters, which have been operating successfully in many countries. This paper, therefore, presents how to adopt the filters to an inverter-based DG, with considering a system consisting of both inverter-based DG and harmonic filters. In particular, this paper describes the simulation results using the PSCAD/EMTDC: firstly, the relationship between total harmonic distortion(THD) of current and output power of DG: secondly, the harmonic mitigation ability of passive and active filters. The system, furthermore, is obliged to satisfy the regulations made by Korean Electric Power Corporation(KEPCO). In the regulations, power factor should be maintained between 0.9 and 1 in a grid-connected mode. Thus, this paper suggests two methods for the system to control its power factor. First, the inverter of DG should control power factor rather than an active filter because it brings dramatic decrease in the capacity of the active filter. Second, DG should absorb reactive power only in the range of low output power in order to prevent useless capacity increase of the inverter. This method is expected to result in the variable power factor of the system according to its output power.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.624-631
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• 2012

This paper presents a high-efficiency current mode class-D(CMCD) power amplifier for the 13.56 MHz band using a Guanella's 1:1 transmission-line transformer and filtering circuits at the output network. The second and third s are filtered out in the load network of the class-D amplifier. The implemented CMCD power amplifier exhibited a power gain of 13.4 dB and a high power-added efficiency(PAE) of 84.6 % at an output power of 44.4 dBm using the 13.56 MHz CW input signal. The second and third distortion levels were -50.3 dBc and -46.4 dBc at the same output power level, respectively.