• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics of public health nutritionists, the current status of nutrition services operation, the recognition about nutrition services of public health center related man power, the job satisfaction and self-assessment and the need for a retraining course of public health nutritionists. The subjects were 58 public health nutritionists who responded to the questionnaire distributed at the annual retraining program in 1998. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) 46.5% of the nutritionists were 26-30 years old, 62.1% were 4 year university graduates 74.1% were food and nutrition majors and 51.7% were daily workers. 2) Among the public health center-related manpower, the recognition about nutrition services was the highest for the manager of family health section, followed by the head of public health centers, and then the general nurse in public health centers. 3) The ranking of the reasons for job satisfaction of the public health nutritionists was, relationship with colleagues(3.84), inhabitants response after nutrition counselling(3.53), specialized value realization/conviction about duty(3.35), contents of the work(3.10), value achievement(3.08), self achievement/development(3.00), self discretion(2.92), participation in policy decisions(2.90), work load(2.75), chance of retraining and acquisition of new information(2.73), working environment(2.69), supervisio $n^port by superiors(2.67), salary(2.38), supply of necessary education material, technique(2.37), and budget security(2.22). 4) The satisfaction of the inhabitant's responses after nutrition counseling was the highest among the 4 year university graduates(p<0.05), the satisfaction of the specialized value realization/conviction about duty was the highest among the nutritionists 26-30 years old(p<0.05). Food and nutrition majors(p<0.05) and those having worked less than 3-5years at public health centers also showed much satisfaction(p<0.05). Satisfaction with the salary was the lowest among the food and nutrition majors(p<0.01) and daily workers(p<0.001). The satisfaction with the participation in policy decisions was the lowest among the daily workers(p<0.01). 5) The ranking for the level of self-assessment were, nutrition and dietetic practice(2.92), communication(2.80), management(2.77), public health science and practice(2.66)(p<0.01). The general characteristics such as the level of education, major, employment condition, current public health center's tenure, and charge experience of the nutrition guidance work were not significantly related to self-assessment except the management part(p<0.05). The higher the satisfaction of specialized value realization/conviction about the duty, the better the total score on the self-assessment(p<0.05)..

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2008

Purpose: All acts which are enforced from the radioactive iodine therapeutic team is a in its own way principle and provision. Therefore unification of all acts can not be appropriately. We will make the standard coherence. Materials & Methods: From 5 November, 2007 to 17 November 2007, we conducted a questionnaire survey of the nuclear medicine manager of 30 hospitals. The contents of a questionnaire is medical treatment section, patient management, prosecuting attorney section, waste management and safety supervision in about the patient and a questionnaire was drawn up in the method which selects an item. Results: 30 hospital agencies are operating purely for I-131 high dose ablation therapy. Diagnostic study and daily schedule had the difference of some. The most of education for the patients took charge of doctor and nurse. The satisfaction of education was evaluated as the high thing. The safety supervision of waste management accomplishment and Safety supervision the patient and the worker observed on the basis of atomic energy law. Conclusion: Specific standards with sufficient amount of information and practical contents should have been presented through the following data. However, it seems to be lacking in many aspects. Nevertheless, respondents rated 70.9%, which is relatively high, on the value of clinical utilization, and I am very thankful for the evaluation. For many years from now, it may seem necessary for a lot of research on the specific matters based on these data to be conducted.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.112-132
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• 1975

When Korean family planning services began as a part of the National Policy in 1962, the annual population growth was 3.0%. This growth rate has been decreased to 2.0% during last ten year period. And it seems imperative that all hospitals, as well as related organizations, should participate in family planning in order to contribute to achieving the National goal of 1.5% population growth by 1976, the end of the Third Five Year Economic Development Plan. Nurses should be considered the most important human resources in charge of the core of family planning services in any setting. For the family planning services in the general hospital setting, nurses as a core members contribute much as change agent, motivators, counsellors, educators etc. A nurse can work with patients and their relatives when she is equipped with relevant knowledge and skills. Fur the more family planning cannot be ignored even in hospital setting where more comprehensive nursing care is needed Thus, the general objective of this study is to provide baseline data for better programming of In-service education in family planning so that effective hospital family planning nursing services can be made a part of comprehensive nursing care contributing to the national population program and human welfare. In order to meet the general objective, this study has the following specific objectives : 1. To find out the general characteristics of the clinical nurses working in Y Hospital 2. To evaluate their attitudes and practices of family planning 3. To assess their knowledge, attitudes and practices of population and family planning as professional nurses. 4. To examine and compare data collecting methods for the planning of an In-service Educational Program 5. To explore the contents to be included in this In-service Education Program. The study population randomly selected one hundred nurses working in Y Hospital A cross-sectional survey with questionnaires developed for this study was chosen for the study method. To collect reliable data, the questionnaires were distributed to and answered by the study population in a controlled situation. X²test and t-test was employed in analyzing the data. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. Y Hospital nurses had a lower ideal number of children (X=2.02) and showed no strong preference for male children, and 74% of them expressed the desire to use permanent methods of birth control 2. of this thirty Y Hospital nurses who were married 66.7% stated they were already practicing contraceptive methods. Most of them preferred male methods of contraception. 3. According to objective evaluation about knowledge of various aspects of population and family planning, respondents from collegiate programs significantly knew better the subjects on the average than did respondents from diploma programs of nursing. 4. There was a marked difference in the results of self-evaluation and objective evaluation in their family planning knowledge. It was found that the self-evaluation family planning knowledge seemed to be unreliable. Accordingly, the objective test methods appeared to be more reliable in the evaluation of knowledge levels. 5. The subject areas needed to be included in In-service education for the Hospital family planning services in Y Hospital are 1) rhythm methods, 2) tubal-legation, 3) family planning effects of contraceptives, 4) population growth, 5) demographic traction, 6) population structure and 7) infant mortality facts. In addition, 1) various oral contraceptives, 2) basal temperature method, 3) laparoscopic female sterilization, 4) interfering factors of family planning, 5) anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive organs were additional areas to be taught to respondents from 3-year diploma schools of nursing. Demographic transition was one subject area in which the four-year graduates need further study. 6. Population problems guidance and counselling in family planning instruction in the theory and practice of contraceptives should be included in future In-service Education Programs in order to provide more effective hospital Family Planning Services, stated 77.0% of the respondents.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2001

Background : This study aimed at identifying the effect of the standardized protocol on lowering the incidence of the ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP). Methods : The standard protocol focusing on decreasing VAP was made and applied at 5 ICUs (Medical ICU, surgical ICU, Respiratory ICU, Neonatal ICU, Pediatric ICU) in a university affiliated tertiary hospital, from April 1, 2000 to Oct 31, 2000. The protocol involved 3 parts : hand washing, the suctioning method and ventilator circuit management. All the nursing personnel received intensive education which was consisted of lecture, video film and demonstration. 176 nurses reported the performance of handwashing pre and post intervention. And randomly selected 15 nurses were observed by charge nurse and the handwashing practice was analyzed pre and post intervention. The incidence of VAP was compared with the former year incidence. Results : The self reported frequency of hand washing increased. In the direct observation of handwashing, the frequency, time, thoroughness of hand washing during 8 hours day duty was found to be improved. The frequency was increased from 1.1 time to 4.1 times; the time was improved from 1.7 seconds to 5.7 seconds and the thoroughness of the washing practice was from 0.2 times to 3.0 times respectively (p<0.001). The incidence of VAP decreased from at a rate of 15.63 number of case per 1,000 ventilator-day (April 1~August 31, 1999) to 7.23 number of case per 1,000 ventilator-days(April 1~Oct 31, 2000)(P<0.001). Conclusion : We developed the protocols which included hand washing, the suctioning method, and ventilator circuit management. Through the implementation of the protocol, the performance of hand washing improved and the VAP incidence rate in ICU was decreased.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.108-117
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• 1997

This study was carried out to examine the standards for evaluation of laboratory facilities and equipment. These constitute the most important yet vulnerable area of our system of higher education among the six school evaluation categories provided by the Korean Council for University Education. To obtain data on the present situation of holdings and management of laboratory facilities and equipment at nursing schools in Korea, questionnaires were prepared by members of a special committee of the Korea Nursing Education Society on the basis of the Standards for University Laboratory Facilities and Equipment issued by the Ministry of Education. The questionnaires were sent to nursing schools across the nation by mail on October 4, 1995. 39 institutions completed and returned the questionnaires by mail by December 31 of the same year. The results of the analysis of the survey were as follows: 1. The Physical Environment of Laboratories According to the results of investigation of 14 nursing departments at four-year colleges, laboratories vary in size ranging from 24 to 274.91 pyeong ($1{\;}pyeong{\;}={\;}3.3m^2).$. The average number of students in a laboratory class was 46.93 at four-year colleges, while the number ranged from 40 to 240 in junior colleges. The average floor space of laboratories at junior colleges, however, was almost the same as those, of laboratories at four-year colleges. 2. The Actual State of Laboratory Facilities and Equipment Laboratory equipment possessed by nursing schools at colleges and universities showed a very wide distribution by type, but most of it does not meet government standards according to applicable regulations while some types of equipment are in excess supply. The same is true of junior colleges. where laboratory equipment should meet a different set of government standards specifically established for junior colleges. Closer investigation is called for with regard to those types of equipment which are in short supply in more than 80 percent of colleges and universities. As for the types of equipment in excess supply, investigation should be carried out to determine whether they are really needed in large quantities or should be installed. In many cases, it would appear that unnecessary equipment is procured, even if it is already obsolete, merely for the sake of holding a seemingly impressive armamentarium. 3. Basic Science Laboratory Equipment Among the 39 institutions, five four-year colleges were found to possess equipment for basic science. Only one type of essential equipment, tele-thermometers, and only two types of recommended equipment, rotators and dip chambers, were installed in sufficient numbers to meet the standards. All junior colleges failed to meet the standards in all of equipment categories. Overall, nursing schools at all of the various institutions were found to be below per in terms of laboratory equipment. 4. Required Equipment In response to the question concerning which type of equipment was most needed and not currently in possession, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) machines and electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors topped the list with four respondents each, followed by measuring equipment. 5. Management of Laboratory Equipment According to the survey, the professors in charge of clinical training and teaching assistants are responsible for management of the laboratory at nursing schools at all colleges and universities, whereas the chief of the general affairs section or chairman of the nursing department manages the laboratory at junior colleges. This suggests that the administrative systems are more or less different. According to the above results, laboratory training could be defined as a process by which nursing students pick up many of the nursing skills necessary to become fully qualified nurses. Laboratory training should therefore be carefully planned to provide students with high levels of hands-on experience so that they can effectively handle problems and emergencies in actual situations. All nursing students should therefore be thoroughly drilled and given as much on-the-job experience as possible. In this regard, there is clearly a need to update the equipment criteria as demanded by society's present situation rather than just filling laboratory equipment quotas according to the current criteria.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1455-1468
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the objectives and contents of basic medical sciences at department of nursing in college of nursing, and junior college of nursing, thus ultimately providing the basic data to standardize the curriculum of the basic medical sciences in nursing education. Seventy eight professors who were in charge of teaching basic medical sciences to at 22 colleges of nursing/ department of nursing, and 20 junior colleges of nursing responded to the questionnaires that consisted of the questions regarding objectives and contents, of basic medical sciences. Based on the description of objectives, the description related to nursing, nurse, nursing science was cathegorized as on objective applicable to nursing science, the description related to medicine or clinical medicine as medical model, the description without description related to medicine was cathegorized as knowledge acquisition. The number of schools corresponding to each category were summerized in descending order. The objectives of basic medical sciences were categorized by concepts and number of schools corresponding to the categorized concept. The findings of the study are as follows ; 1. The subjects of basic medical science identified were physiology, anatomy, biochemistry, pathology, microbiology, and pharmacology in most colleges of nursing and junior colleges. Two colleges of nursing/department of nursing (9.1%) and 19 junior colleges of nursing(95%) did not offer biochemistry, 1 college of nursing /department of nursing(5%) did not offer pathology & pharmacology. 2 junior colleges of nursing (10%) did not offer pharmacology, 1 junior college of nursing(5%) did not offer pathology. The other 1 junior college of nursing did not offer microbiology. 2. Objectives of physiology were to acquire knowledge and understanding on human function in both 6 (50%) colleges and 5 junior colleges. Objectives of anatomy were to acquire knowledge on human structure in both 4 (57%) colleges and 2 (50%) junior colleges; knowledge applicable to nursing sciences in both 3 (42.8%) colleges and 2 (50%) junior colleges. Objectives of biochemistry was to obtain knowledge and understanding on biochemistry, and understanding of basic concepts about biochemistry. Objectives of pathology were to obtain knowledge and understanding on pathology in both 4 (57.1%) colleges and 5(62.5%) junior colleges. Objectives of microbiology were to acquire knowledge and understanding on microbiology in both 5(83.8%) colleges and 6(85.7%) junior colleges. Objectives of pharmacology were to acquire knowledge on pharmacology in both 7(100%) colleges and 8(100%) junior colleges. 3. Contents of physiology in 19 (100%) schools were membrane transport, digestion, circulation, nervous system and respiration. In 16(84.2%) were kidney and muscle, that in 13(68.4%) were endocrine physiology. In 11(57.9%) were introduction and that in 9(47.4%) were structure and function of cells. Contents of anatomy in 11(100%) schools were skeletal system, muscle system, digestive system, circulatory system, concepts regarding human structure. In 10(90.9%) schools were endocrine system and nervous system, and in 5(45.5%) schools were blood, urinary system and cell. Contents of biochemistry in 6(100%) schools were history of biochemistry, body regulating factor, bioenergy, health and nutrition, nutrition of cell, energy production system. In 5(83.3%) schools were metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and enzyme, and in 3(50%) schools were metabolism of energy and fat. Contents of microbiology in 13(100%) schools were environment and influenc of bacteria, virus, G(-) rods, purulent cocci, G(+) rods. In 10 (76.9%) were immunity, diphtheria, enterobacteria, and in 9(69.2%) were spirochete, rickettsia and clamydia, and that in 6(46.2%) were sterilization and disinfection. Contents of pathology in 14(100%) schools were cell injury and adaptation, inflammation, respiratory diseases, circulatory diseases. In 10(71.4%) were neurological disorders, in 8(57.1%) were immunity and disease, and in 7 (50%) were tumor and progressive changes. Contents of pharmacology in 15(100%) were cardivascular drugs, introduction to pharmacology, hypnotics, analgesics, local anesthetics, an ticonvulsants. In 12(80%) were drugs activity on sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, and in 11(73%) were sulfa drugs, antibiotics, drug abuse and addiction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-118
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• 1991

This study was conducted in order to grasp the condition of the student's knowledge and attitude about sex. And to offer the basic materials for sex education of school health service. The objects were comprised of 464 volunteered students who study in commercial girls' high school. The material of this study was the questionaire suited to the purposed of this research which has been made through studying references. All the questionaire written by students. The self reported questionaires were collected immediately without explanation on supervision of school nurse. The data was collected from 28th to 30th of June on 1990. Analysis of the data was done utilizing SPSS for percentage, mean, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The Results are as follows; 1. General features of the objects of study School grade distribution was similar. Fathers of 41-50 years were the highest(58.3%), mothers of 41-50 years were the highest(64.3%), family of living together were the highest(87.5%), fathers of graduated high school were highest(60.7%), mothers of graduated middle school were the highest(43.0%) and neuclear families were highest(91.5%). 2. The Conditions of Knowledge about sex When 5 Point was given to "Well known" and 1 point was given to "Never known", the total average was 2.97, Especially the mean of Female physiology was shown 3.93, 73.4% of students have known. But the mean of male physiology was shown 2.23, 17.2% of students only. And Family planning item was 3.54, hymen item was 3.38, female genitalia item was 3.35, abortion item was 3.25, Intercourse and pregnancy item was 3.24, Ovulation item was 3.02, Contraception item was 2.97, Veneral disease and masturbation item was 2.82, maintenance of pregnancy item was 2.76, Anatomical differences between male and female item was 2.59, male genitalia item was 2.31, ejaculation item was 2.27. 3. The conditions of attitude about Sex When 5 point was given to "Very affirming" and 1 point was given to "Very deny" the total average was 3.20. Especially the mean of social intercourse between other sex was shown 3.92, 73.4% of students have affirmed. But the mean of psychic response on menstruation was shown 2.24, 8.8% of students only. And baby birth item was 3.72, the fact that I am a woman item was 3.53, marriage item was 3.49. Secondary body change item was 3.38, puberty item was 3.31, delivery and sexual intercourse item was 3.05, pregenancy item was 3.02, psychic condition on menarche item was 2.50. Also present counsellors about sex were teachers in charge (44.9%), friends(21.6%), mothers(20.6%), elder sisters (10.6%), mass-communications (1.5%), fathers (0.4%), school nurses and elder brother(0.2%). In addition to, future counsellors about sex were friends (37.7%), mothers(30.6%), elder sister (18.4%), school nurses (4.6%), mass communication (3.8%), teachers in charge (2.5%), elder brothers (1.4%) and fathers(1.0%). 4. Correlation between the general features and knowledge variables School grade and knowledge condition has relationship to female genitalia(P<0.05), female physiology (P<0.00), male physiology (P<0.05),ovulation (P<0.00), and femily planning (P<0.005). Fathers age and knowledge condition has relationship to male physiology(P<0.05), and abortion (P<0.05). Marrital status and knowledge condition has relationship to female physiology (P<0.01), masturbation (P<0.05). Fathers educational background and knowledge condition has relationship to masturbation (P<0.00). Mothers age and knowledge condition has relationship to family planning (P<0.05). 5. Correlation between the general futures and attituded variables Fathers age and attitude condition has relationship to psychic response on menstruation (P<0.05). Mothers age and attitude condition has relationship to fact that I am a woman (P<0.00). Mothers educational background and attitude condition has relationship to social intercourse between other sex (P<0.05). Type of family and attitude condition has relationship to puberty (P<0.01). 6. Correlation between knowledge condition and attitude condition Those who had more knowledge about sex have more affirmative response (P<0.001).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.79-90
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to determine factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy. The study subjects were 104 tuberculosis patients who have received the initial treatment in 3 health centers of Kyongju-City, Dalseong-Gun in Teagu and Kumi-City. Data were collected between September and October 1995. The patients were classified into the improved group and the non-improved group according to outcomes of 3 month treatment with short-term therapeutic regimen. To find factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy, multiple logistic regression was made. There was no significant differences between the improved group and the non-improved group in sex, age, education level, occupation, family pattern, and habitual change regarding smoking and drinking. The level of knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy in the improved group was significantly higher than the non-improved group(p<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that family support for not forgetting medication (p<0.05) wis a predictor of improvement and knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy(p=0.054), regularity of medication(p=0.062), and consultation to family, doctor and nurse(p=0.075) were marginal predictors of improvement. Treatment must be given to every patient confirmed as having tuberculosis and must be given free of charge to the patients. The requirements for adequate chemotherapy are prescribed in the correct dosage and taken regularly by the patient for a sufficient period to prevent relapse of the disease after cure. It is suggested that education to the patients should be reinforced and connectedness between patients and tuberculosis control workers and family should be solidated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to get a data which can provide a basis for future direction in nutritional education and to build up right eating habit and to find the way how to improve food life and the nutritional supply by evaluating the current nutritional intake of average middle school girls through the survey study of their daily food intakes and physical status. The survey of nutritional intakes and physical status in two girls middle schools, namely Jang'hung girls middle school at Jang'hung Up and Bo'song girls middle school at Bo'song Up, were carried by teachers majoring in Home Economics and nurse-teachers from 5 July to 7 July 1983. From a total of 1080 subjects of two girls middle schools, 887 subjects were surveyed. The results obtained from survey are summarized as follow: 1) Physical Status Average height, weight and chest girth of subjects in both middle schools were much lower than the Korean average standard (p<0.005${\sim}$p<0.001) and t-score of differences between two middle school girls were not significant. Rohrer index, nutrition rate and physique rate were also lower than Korean averag standard through all the ages in both girls middle schools. Menarche appeared mainly between the age of 13 to 15 (91.55 %), with a mean age of 14 (35. 01 %) and which was experienced by the subjects of 51.52 percentage among total surveyed Iniddlf school girls. 2) Nutritional Intakes The average daily intakes of all nutrient except iron, vitamin A, thiamin, ascorbic acid and niacin was lower than Korean Recommanded Dietary Allowances (RDA) . Especially average intake of calorie and calcium were much lower than Korean RDA(p<0.001) while average intake of thiamine and ascorbic acid were much higher than Korean RDA (p<0.001). T-score of differences of iron, thiamin, riboflavin between two middle school girls were very significant (p<0.001). Generally iron and riboflavin were the highest rate of intakes through three meals and breakfast took charge of considerable amount of all nutrient intake without omitting anything (about 30 % of daily nutrient intake). The nutrients of which ratio of nutrient intake by snack was more than 16.7 % were vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid etc. and snack foods which were intake frequently in both middle school girls commonly were fruits, milk and milk products, bread and biscuits in sequence. 3) Correlations and t-score between physical status, menarche and nutrient intakes. Average intake of calorie at Jang'hung area was positively correlated with height, weight, nutrition rate and physique rate and this correlation was very significant (p<0.005). Average intake of calorie was also correlated with chest girth and Rohrer index (P<0.05). At Bo'song area, averse intake of riboflavin was negatively correlated with all the items of physical status (p<0.05-p<0.005), vitamin A was negatively correlated with chest girth and Rohrer index (p<0.05 respectively) and thiamin was also negatively correlated with chest girth, Rohrer index and nutrition rate (p<0.05 respectively). Especially niacin showed a negative cor-relation with all the items of physical status very significantly (p<0.005).The time of menarche showed a positive correlation with iron in both middle school girls commonly P<0.05 at Jang'hung, p<0.10 at Bo'song).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2015

This research was conducted in order to examine the effect of tooth brushing room M elementary school in Changwon-city and to provide foundation data for effective project operation afterwards. The subjects were 347 students at the M elementary school where the tooth brushing room was being taught. The control group is 289 students at J elementary school where the tooth brushing room was not being taught. Research and analysis were carried out with structured survey and examination of decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, decayed, missing, filled tooth surface (DMFS) index and O'leary index. The data was analysed by IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 19.0 program and the result is as follows: Depends on the tooth brushing room there was difference in statistical significance in filling teeth, sealant tooth surface, filling tooth surface, missing tooth surface, DMFS, O'leary index between the subject and control group. The less the frequency of brushing, the higher the DMFT index. Negative correlation was statistically significant. With incorrect brushing method, the less the frequency, the higher the DMFS index, Negative correlation was statistically significant. When the tooth brushing room was being implemented, O'leary index became low, negative correlation was statistically significant. As a result, in order to continue the effective operation of tooth brushing room, constant supervision and monitoring on students should be acutely needed by a principal, a school nurse and teachers in charge. Also together with a systemized cooperation between a health center and a nearby university's related majors departments, the research proposes to execute constant oral health education and to expand the implementation project of the tooth brushing room at nearby elementary schools.