• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.126-131
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to identify how young children conceptualize living things and nonliving things. For this study, a total of 465 young children was sampled in Krea, and a questionnaire of paper test was administered to them. The results were as follows. 1. More than 80% of young children recognized dogs and dandelions as living things, but less than 60% of children recognized bird's eggs and chestnuts as living things. 2. Mostly, young children's ability to distinguish exactly between living things and nonliving things improved by increasing grade level. 3. Criteria to distinguish about living things and nonliving things are firstly to be mobilized and secondly to be breathed.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.216-228
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze pre-school teachers' observation experience and their pre and post degrees of preferences in observing underground and water living things, fungus, insects, flowerless plants and sea lives. Based on the analysis, their pre-observation experience in living things were insects, ocean creatures, underground living things, flowerless plants, fungus and water living things in order. The degree of preferences in flowerless plans based on their gender, the female pre-service teachers showed higher scores than the average in both pre and post test. The male, however, responded higher scores in underground living things in both tests. Their background such as liberal arts or science or arts and physical major affected their preferences scores in water living things, insects and flowerless plans in the post test, and the science major pre-service teachers showed the highest degree of preferences in insects among the liberal arts, science or arts and physical major pre-teachers in the post test. In conclusion, there were different degree of their preferences affected by the pre observation experience, gender difference, their present majors such as the liberal arts, science or arts and physical major, the categories of living things but not in their high school background such as liberal arts or science.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제20집
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• pp.29-50
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• 2004

전통시대의 문학을 생태주의적 관점에서 논의한다면 당대 지식인인 양반들과 사대부의 시조인 평시조에 나타난 자연관 정도로 생각하였던 탓에 사설시조나 서민작가는 큰 관심의 대상이 아니었다. 또한 사설시조 속의 '산것들'도 주목받지 못했다. 그것들은 시어로서는 부적절한, 이른바, '생경한 시어' 또는 '비시적 사물의 시화'라는 홀대를 받았다. 그 어떤 평자들도 그 살아 숨쉬는 것들을 '산것들'로 인식하지 않았고, 따라서 작품속의 주체적 대상으로도 인식하고자 하지 않았다. 그러나 사설시조에서는 경험적, 구체적, 일상적 동물들의 등장이 관심을 끈다. 이는 사실 양반들의 관념적 생물관과 비교될 만한 단서도 된다. 본고는 사설시조 속의 이들 '산것들'과 그들에 대한 작가의 시각과 인식에 대해 소박한 논의를 하였다. 본고에서 '산것들'은 살아 움직이는 것들을 의미한다. 먼저 사설시조 속의 '산것들'은 일상과 경험의 생물들이었다. 그것들은 더 이상 사설시조의 작가에게는 지식이나 관념적 생물이 아니었다. 생물환경적으로 도저히 공생할 수 없는 '산것들'이 함께 등장하는 것이 가능하거나 그 반대로 오랫동안 친숙한 일상경험에 근거하여 '산것들'에 대한 경험적 인식이 탁월한 작품도 있었다. 또한 '산것들'에 대한 사설시조 작가들의 친근하고도 애틋한, 그리고 우리 인간과 다를 바 없는 생명체에 대한 온기 있는 시선은 때로는 동일시의 대상으로 또 때로는 감정이입의 대상으로 파악하기도 하였다. 더러는 애증이 혼재하는 복합적 시선도 눈에 띈다. 사설시조 작가들의 삶은 온갖 '산것들'과 함께 하는 공생의 삶에 다름 아니다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.164-182
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze science-gifted elementary students' understanding of 'Living Things' with ontological domains. As research subjects, this study selected 80 science-gifted students who belonged to Education Institute for Science-gifted Elementary Students at University of Education, and this study came to the following conclusions. Firstly, the gifted students thought of animals as living things most, out of which humans accounted for the highest rate. They were also found to evaluate the importance of living things depending on benefits and harms to humans. Secondly, when judging 4 domains of living things, animals, plants, static inanimate objects and dynamic inanimate objects, the gifted students did not have difficulty judging animals, plants and static inanimate objects, but 4 of them judged the moon, a dynamic inanimate object, as a living thing. In the aspect of reaction time, they spent more time judging plants than animals. This study classified their standards of judgement on living things into ontological categories. As a result, it was found that 31 and 33 out of them had standards of judgement corresponding to the category of matter and the category of process respectively, and only 16 of them had standards of judgement corresponding to the category of mental states. Thirdly, how to make a waterwheel and images of euglena and paramecium were shown to 10 of the gifted students who suggested simple movements as characteristics of living things. As a result, 7 of them changed their standards of judgement from the category of matter to the category of process, while 3 of them changed from the category of matter to the category of mental states.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권spc5호
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• pp.485-494
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• 2007

The aims of this study were to investigate the differences of the proportion of misconceptions and the reasons for selecting responses related to questions about small living things between talented and average students. The study subjects were made up of three groups. They were a class of 37 talented elementary students in science attending J National University of Education, a class of 37 talented students in science attending J City Office of Education, and a class of 33 average students attending J City. A questionnaire was composed of 20 test questions for examination of concepts related to small living things. The data obtained in this study was analyzed using a statistical program. The major results were as follows: In general, the level of the scientific concepts possessed by the talented students was much higher than that of the average students, especially in question 14. The reasons for the misconceptions which were revealed through this study were classified into vagueness of the language used, hasty decision and deduction making, using the wrong analogical inference, mass communications (TV or internet) and experimental differences between individuals. In terms of the reasons for the selection of a given response, the talented students had also a higher frequency in the 'science books for children' category than the average students, indicating that various kinds of science books for children have an influence on the formation of concepts on small living things. The misconception proportion of male students was 5.4% higher than that of female students in mean frequencies of all questions, although the difference was not statistically significant except for question 4. Data from this study may help teachers involved in education for gifted students to reconsider their conceptions on small living things.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1010-1032
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• 2018

Recent advances in medical science have made people live longer, which has affected many aspects of life, such as caregiver burden, increasing cost of healthcare, increasing number of disabled and depressive disorder persons, and so on. Researchers are now focused on elderly living assistance services in smart home environments. In recent years, assisted living technologies have rapidly grown due to a faster growing aging society. Many smart devices are now interconnected within the home network environment and such a home setup supports collaborations between those devices based on the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the major challenges in providing elderly living assistance services is to consider each individual's requirements of different needs. In order to solve this, the virtualization of physical things, as well as the collaboration and composition of services provided by these physical things should be considered. In order to meet these challenges, Web of Objects (WoO) focuses on the implementation aspects of IoT to bring the assorted real world objects with the web applications. We proposed a semantic modelling technique for manual and semi-automated service composition. The aim of this work is to propose a framework to enable RESTful web services composition using semantic ontology for elderly living assistance services creation in WoO based smart home environment.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.170-173
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• 2002

Space is full of energetic events emitting high-energy radiations which may be fatal to all living things unless protected. The present paper briefly describes high-energy photons and particles incident on Earth surface and their common properties toward living things. Role of radiation played in evolution of life and earth environment will be presented.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and understand life and meaning in life of elementary school students. Methods: Data from 1,790 higher grade elementary school students were analyzed for content of meaning in life. Results: The students described the following: 1) Meanings of living existence included, 'living things', 'importance', 'human life', 'family', 'event', 'eternity', 'origin of life', 'disease', and, 'protection'. 2) Four categories were found for reasons why human life is important, 'solitary', 'limitation', 'valuables', and 'living'. 3) Things that one can do to protect the value of human life were, 'doing safely', 'keep things well', 'altruistic behavior', 'doing sound activity', 'preservation & development', and 'devotion of oneself'. 4) Meaning of life included 'to accomplish plans', and 'to do things' 5) Cases when students felt life had meaning were 'perform meaningful behavior', 'comfortable emotionally', and 'receiving help from others'. 6) The methods by which to live a meaningful life were 'working diligently', 'serving', and 'doing rightly'. Conclusion: These results suggest that students recognize the meaning of life in a most positive way and with a relatively wide scope, but as a few students had a negative orientation, age-appropriate and more systematic education programs are needed.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.307-322
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• 2020

This study analyzed the effects of 'app-based learning of observing and recording living things' on elementary school students' science-related attitudes. Samples of the study were composed of 24 sixth-grade students attending the science club of N elementary school in Seoul, Korea. The learning was conducted for 12 times over 7 months. 'TOSRA(Test of science-related attitude)' was used to quantitatively analyze the science-related attitudes of elementary school students. To find out more detailed characteristics, records of interview were also gathered and analyzed. The main results of this study are as follows. First, for the paired t-test of science-related attitudes, a statistically significant difference between the pre and post was found. As results of the interview, it was revealed that 'experiences of outdoor activities' greatly influenced the increase of science-related attitudes of the students. Second, in ANCOVA, according to 'gender' there was no statistically significant difference in score of science-related attitudes. But, there was statistically significant difference in science-related attitudes according to 'preferred science subjects' and 'whether individual interest has occurred about observing and recording living'. Based on the results of this study, implications for research of elementary biology education are discussed.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.648-657
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 학생들의 개념에 영향을 미치는 개념 생태 요소들을 알아보고, 각 요소들 및 학생들의 개념간에 어떤 관계가 있는지를 정상적으로 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 중학교 3학년 학생 6명 을 대상으로 설문지 결과 및 면담과 토론 수업 결과들을 분석하여 각 학생들의 개념 생태 특징을 기술하였다. 학생들이 보유하고 있는 생물 존재 필요성에 대한 개념은 인지적, 정의적으로 다양한 개념 생태 요소들과 밀접한 연관을 맺고 있음을 볼 수 있었으며 그 유형도 다양하게 나타났다. 특히 그러한 개념에 영향을 미치는 주요 요소로는 형이상학적 신념, 다른 영역의 개념 이해 등을 들 수 있으며, 다른 요소들도 이와 상호관련성을 가지고 있었다. 이처럼 학생들의 선개념은 관련된 개념 생태 요소들과 밀접히 연관되어 있으며 개념 및 학습자의 유형에 따라 개념 생태들이 달라지므로, 개념 변화 학습시 학습자의 특성 및 개념 생태 요소들의 영향을 고려해야 할 것이다.