• Title/Summary/Keyword: The height of wall

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Usefulness of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Peptic Ulcer Disease in Children

  • Lee, Eun Joo;Lee, Yeoun Joo;Park, Jae Hong
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.57-62
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: This study was performed to assess the clinical usefulness of transabdominal ultrasonography (TUS) in detecting peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in children. Methods: Twenty-four patients (19 boys, 5 girls; mean age, $10.6{\pm}4.5years$ [range, 3.0-17.9 years]) who were admitted to the hospital for acute abdomen or gastrointestinal bleeding and diagnosed with PUD by endoscopy and who underwent TUS were included. Clinical data were retrospectively collected by reviewing patient medical records. Gastric ulcer (GU) was suspected when the gastric wall exceeded 8 mm in thickness and had lost its five-layer structure on TUS. Duodenal ulcer (DU) was suspected if the duodenal wall thickness exceeded 5 mm. Results: Sensitivity of TUS in diagnosing PUD was 66.7% for GU and 38.9% for DU. Mean age and body weight of the 11 patients suspected with PUD on TUS were $10.9{\pm}4.4years$ and $38.1{\pm}17.2kg$, respectively. For 13 patients without suspected PUD, they were $12.1{\pm}4.1years$ and $39.6{\pm}17.0kg$, respectively. There was a significant difference in height, weight, and body mass index between patients who were suspected to have PUD and those who were not suspected on TUS (p=0.014, 0.008, and 0.005, respectively). A significant difference in the sensitivity of TUS in diagnosing PUD was found between patients under 30 kg and those over 30 kg (88.9% and 20.0%, respectively; p=0.003). Conclusion: TUS investigation of the stomach and duodenum is an efficient method for PUD detection in children with low body weight. TUS can be used in preliminary diagnostic work-up before further invasive tests.

A Case Report of Operative Treatment for Pneumosinus Dilatans of Maxillary Sinus (위턱뼈 공기굴 확장증(Pneumosinus Dilatans of Maxillary Sinus)의 수술 치험례)

  • Kim, Jae Woo;Shin, Ho Sung;Kim, Jun Hyuk;Park, Eun Soo;Tark, Min Sung
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.128-130
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: Pnumosinus dilatans is a rare disease that one or more of the paranasal sinuses are dilatated without functional alteration. The most frequently involved sites are frontal and sphenoid sinus. Facial asymmetric contour is the most common signs and nasal obstruction and pain may be combined. The purpose of reconstruction of pneumosinus dilatans is two-fold, to re-establish a permanent pressure equilibrium of sinus and to correct the possible facial deformities. Methods: We present a case of a 24-year-old female with a 7-year history of protrusion of right malar region. Plane radiography and computed tomography detailed an abnormal expansion of the right maxillary sinus without thinning of bony wall, leading to diagnosis of maxillary pneumosinus dilatans. Surgical decompression and maxilloplasty were achieved by ostectomy of anterior wall of maxillary sinus and repositioning of removed bony fragment with miniplate. Results: Post operative course was uneventful without complication and malar height became symmetric by physical and radiologic examination. Conclusion: We corrected successfully pneumosinus dilatans of maxillary sinus by surgical decompression and maxilloplasty. For this case, we reviewed literature related to this topic.

Effects of Inclination of Enclosure and Partition on Natural Convective Heat Transfer in a Partitioned Enclosure (격판을 가진 밀폐공간내의 자연대류 열전달에 공간 및 격판의 경사가 미치는 영향)

  • Chung, I.K.;Song, D.J.;Kim, J.S.
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.302-314
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    • 1994
  • The effects of the inclination of enclosure and partition on natural convective flow and heat transfer were investigated numerically. The enclosure was composed of the lower hot and the upper cold horizontal walls and the adiabatic vertical walls, and a partition was positioned perpendicularly at the mid-height of one vertical insulated wall. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method with Galerkin method. The computations were performed with the variations of the partition length and Rayleigh number based on the temperature difference between two horizontal walls and the enclosure height with water(Pr=4.95). The effects of the inclination angle of enclosure and partition on the heat transfer within an enclosure were also studied. As the results, the increase of the inclination angle of enclosure rapidly raised the heat transfer rate, while the inclination angle for the maximum Nusselt number was retarded with the increase of the partition length and the decrease of the heat transfer rate became larger in proportion to the increase of the partition length. The Nusselt number obtained by the inclination of partition was smaller than that of the inclination of enclosure. However, the difference of the heat transfer rates was considerably decreased at the longer partition lengths and the trends for the variation of the average Nusselt number were more similar with that of the inclination of enclosure. The upward oriented partition increases the convective heat transfer distinctly in contrast to that of the inclination of enclosure as the partition length increases.

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A Study on Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete Performed by Full Scaled Mock-up Test (1:1 실부재 Mock-up Test를 통한 고강도 콘크리트의 역학적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Moon, Hyung-Jae;Seok, Won-Kyun;Park, Soon-Jeon;Lee, Joo-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2008.04a
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    • pp.981-984
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    • 2008
  • The super tall building above 100 floors is required that each floor's height is more than 4 meters, and each core wall's thickness is more than 60cm. Therefore, for the successive accomplishment of super tall building, the full scale mock-up test was required. The test results are as follows; Real strength of core wall was satisfied with design strength at 28 days regardless of types of strength, and according to the consolidation effect, lower part's strength was a little higher than upper part's strength. Lateral force of HSC was evaluated with max. $4.5ton/m^2$, and hydration temperature of mock-up test was evaluated that maximun heat of central part revealed about $80^{\circ}C$ at 70MPa and $65^{\circ}C$ at 50MPa, and, the difference between inner and outter part revealed about $30^{\circ}C$ at 70MPa and $12^{\circ}C$ at 50MPa. Also, no crack by hydration temperature was not shown on the surface.

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A Study on the Supporting Method of the Nemok-dori (내목도리 지지 방식에 관한 연구)

  • Heo, Kyoung-Do;Chung, Myung-Sup
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 2020
  • This study is designed to find out the role and relation of the Nemok-dori support members in order to clearly specify the structure of the Dapogye architecture which adopts the Nemok-dori. The dori at the eaves in the Dapogye architecture was expanded to include Oemok-dori, Jusim-dori and Nemok-dori in cooperation with the bracket. The Oemok-dori is used to lengthen the eaves and the Jusim-dori makes the reasonable transfer of loads while the Namok-dori contributes to the stability of the building through the balancing of the bracket. Nemok-dori is located higher than Oemok-dori or Jusim-dori, depending on the slope of Jangyeon and the distance of Chulmok. But as it is not directly supported by bracket or beam, it needs an independent support. The vertical support of Nemok-dori is selectively involved with Cheomcha, lower Jangyeo, support Wall and upper Jangyeo. As the time went by, the vertical height increased, thus making the omitted members less. The horizontal support of Nemok-dori is made in various ways. There are also special cases such as the Nemok-dori □ type chain structure for small rectangular buildings, the 'Nemok-dori = Jung-dori' type for the buildings having small sides and the 'Nemok-dori = Meongechangbang' type appearing on the lower part of the Bankanmulrim type middle height buildings. The horizontal support of Nemok-dori usually uses either the support of the Toeryang type member, the support of beam directed Hwaban or the support through overlaying of internal Jegong. As the time went by and the number and distance of Chulmok increased, the multiple support structures acted together rather than as one support structure. Nemok-dori got stabilized as it has both the vertical and horizontal supports and this support structure also has he role of decoration.

Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of the temporomandibular joint and dental characteristics of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion and asymmetry

  • Huang, Mingna;Hu, Yun;Yu, Jinfeng;Sun, Jicheng;Ming, Ye;Zheng, Leilei
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.277-288
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    • 2017
  • Objective: Treating Class II subdivision malocclusion with asymmetry has been a challenge for orthodontists because of the complicated characteristics of asymmetry. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of dental and skeletal asymmetry in Class II subdivision malocclusion, and to assess the relationship between the condyle-glenoid fossa and first molar. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 32 patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion were three-dimensionally reconstructed using the Mimics software. Forty-five anatomic landmarks on the reconstructed structures were selected and 27 linear and angular measurements were performed. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare the average differences between the Class I and Class II sides; Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used for analyzing the linear association. Results: The faciolingual crown angulation of the mandibular first molar (p < 0.05), sagittal position of the maxillary and mandibular first molars (p < 0.01), condylar head height (p < 0.01), condylar process height (p < 0.05), and angle of the posterior wall of the articular tubercle and coronal position of the glenoid fossa (p < 0.01) were significantly different between the two sides. The morphology and position of the condyle-glenoid fossa significantly correlated with the three-dimensional changes in the first molar. Conclusions: Asymmetry in the sagittal position of the maxillary and mandibular first molars between the two sides and significant lingual inclination of the mandibular first molar on the Class II side were the dental characteristics of Class II subdivision malocclusion. Condylar morphology and glenoid fossa position asymmetries were the major components of skeletal asymmetry and were well correlated with the three-dimensional position of the first molar.

A Study on the Reduction of the Sloshing of Storage Tank Using Wing and Diaphragm Baffle (날개형 및 격막형 배플을 이용한 유체저장탱크 내부의 슬로싱 저감 연구)

  • Lee, Young-Shin;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Lee, Jae-Hyung;Kim, Young-Wann;Ko, Sung-Ho
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.27 no.12
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    • pp.2039-2046
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    • 2003
  • Storage tank filled with fluid has unique dynamic characteristics compared to general structures, due to the interaction between fluid and structure. The oscillation of the fluid surface caused by external forces is called sloshing, which occurs in moving vehicles with contained liquid masses, such as trucks, railroad cars, aircrafts, and liquid missles. In this study, the evaluation method for the reduction of sloshing, the optimized size and location of wing and diaphragm baffles are suggested based on the experimental results. The experimental device can simulate the translation motion. A rectangular tank and various baffles are fabricated to study on the sloshing characteristics. The forces measured using the load cell at tank wall and those are compared with each other through the Fourier transformation for various conditions. The study of the sloshing of the rectangular tank equipped with baffles is conducted under the same conditions with non-baffled rectangular tank experiment. From the experimental results, the sloshing reduction effect by the baffles is observed. In conclusion in case of diaphragm baffles, the optimized size ratio of the width of baffle to the water height is 0.44 and the installation location has no effect to the damping of sloshing. In case of wing baffles, the optimized size ratio of the width of baffle to the length of a rectangular tank is 0.1 and the optimized location ratio of the baffle to the water height is 0.9.

Oscillatory Motion of Natural Convective Flow in Partially Divided Square Enclosure (수평격판을 갖는 4각형 밀폐공간내에서 자연대류의 진동유동)

  • 김점수;정인기;송동주
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.16 no.10
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    • pp.1963-1970
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    • 1992
  • An oscillatory motion of the natural convection in a two dimensional, partially divided square enclosure heated from below, and fitted with a partition is investigated numerically. The enclosure was composed of the lower hot and the upper cold horizontal walls and the adiabatic vertical walls, and a partition was situated perpendicularly at the mid-height of the one vertical insulated wall. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method with Galerkin method. The computations were performed with the variation of the length and the thermal conductivity of the partition, and Rayleigh number based on the temperature difference between horizontal walls and the enclosure height with water(Pr=4.95). also, the effect of the inclination angles was studied for the transition to the oscillating flow. As the results, it was found that the intensity and frequency of oscillatory motion were affected significantly by the Rayleigh number and the length of partition. The effect of oscillatory motion was weaken with the increase of the thermal conductivity of partition. The inclination angle for the transition was raised with the increase of Rayleigh number and the length of partition.

Numerical investigation on the effect of baffles on liquid sloshing in 3D rectangular tanks based on nonlinear boundary element method

  • Guan, Yanmin;Yang, Caihong;Chen, Ping;Zhou, Li
    • International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.399-413
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    • 2020
  • The numerical simulation of liquid sloshing in the three-dimensional tanks under horizontal excitation and roll excitation was carried out, and the inhibition effect of different baffles on the sloshing phenomenon was investigated. The numerical calculations were carried out by the nonlinear Boundary Element Method (BEM) with Green's theorem based on the potential flow, which was conducted with the governing equation corresponding to the boundaries of each region. The validity of the method was verified by comparing with experimental values and published literatures. The horizontal baffle, the vertical baffle and the T-shaped baffle in the sloshing tanks were investigated respectively, and the baffles' position, dimension and the liquid depth were provided and discussed in detail. It is drawn that the baffle shape plays a non-negligible role in the tank sloshing. The vertical baffle is a more effective way to reduce the sloshing amplitude when the tank is under a horizontal harmonic excitation while the horizontal baffle is a more effective way when the tank is under a roll excitation. The amplitude of free surface elevation at right tank wall decreases with the increasing of the horizontal baffle length and the vertical baffle height. Although the T-shaped baffle has the best suppression effect on tank sloshing under horizontal excitation, it has limited suppression effect under roll excitation and will complicate the sloshing phenomenon when changing baffle height.

Heat Transfer Enhancement from Plain and Micro Finned Surfaces According to Liquid Subcooling (작동유체의 과냉도에 따른 매끈한 표면과 마이크로 핀 표면에서의 열전달 촉진에 관한 연구)

  • Lim, Tae-Woo;You, Sam-Sang;Choi, Hyeung-Sik
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.33 no.8
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    • pp.1137-1143
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    • 2009
  • Experiments were conducted to evaluate pool boiling heat transfer performance between plain and micro finned surfaces with FC-72, which is chemically and electrically stable. Three kinds of micro fins with the dimension of $100{\mu}m\;{\times}\;10{\mu}m$, $150{\mu}m\;{\times}\;10{\mu}m$ and $200{\mu}m\;{\times}\;10{\mu}m$ (width $\times$ height) were fabricated on the surface of a silicon chip. The experiments were carried out on the liquid subcooling of 5, 10 and 15 K under the atmospheric condition. The micro finned surface with a larger fin width of $200{\mu}m$ provided a better pool boiling heat transfer performance. Also, the micro finned surfaces showed a sharp increase in heat flux with increasing wall superheat and a larger heat transfer enhancement compared to a plain surface.