• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

This study is intended to provide legislative direction for fire products life expectancy. Domestic and international laws relating to fire products life expectancy have been reviewed, and the results of a Fire Safety Manager Consciousness (FSMC) survey were analyzed. The FSMC survey has been designed in order to assist with the establishment of appropriate fire safety policy. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 660 fire safety administrators from 17 municipal and provincial districts, with the intention of gaining expertise on the extension of life-span for 32 fire products. The survey also asked for candidates opinions on future policy direction. Based on the survey results and the review of policies within other nations, we have devised a set of policy issues with the intention of extending the life-span of fire-safety items. The survey result revealed that 79.3% of Fire Safety Managers (FSMs) concurred with the establishment of legislation regarding the maintenance and correct care of fire-safety products. Overall, over 30% of FSMs were in favor of regulations regarding Ddry chemical fire extinguishers (77.3%), fire detectors (44.6%), fire hoses (44.4%), gaseous agent fire extinguisher (40.6%), automatic descending life lines (36.2%), exit lights (35.9%), air respirators (35.9%), extinguishing systems for residential cooking facilities (33.9%), automatic spray-type extinguishing units (33.9%), emergency lights (31.2%), and gas leakage detectors (30.7%). Especially, among these, dry chemical fire extinguishers (60.0%), detectors (20.0%), and fire hose (18.8%) were identified as the fire products primarily in need of maintenance legislation. The general consensus is that fire products older than 10 years need to be replaced. Based on the survey results, there was general agreement that fire product life expectancy is in need of legislation. This study recommends the introduction of fire product life expectancy legislation in phases.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2017

In this study, the height of the flame required to estimate the heat flow path and flame spread in pool fire has been applied by the empirical formula, but it is calculated without applying the pressure and temperature parameters of the fire room. Until now, the height of the flame applied to pool fire was $l_F=0.235Q^{2/5}-1.02D$ in the Heskestad empirical formula, but accurate temperature calculation was not possible due to the temperature and pressure which are not influenced by the flame height. Therefore, applying the temperature and pressure around it can calculate the exact flame height, which can be applied to fire investigation and fire dynamics. The structure of the flame is divided into a continuous flame, an intermittent flame, and a buoyancy flame, but it is assumed that the flame height is calculated from the visual aspect to the intermittent flame region, and the temperature of the buoyancy flame is very low. The effect of heat of vaporization on the height of flame was investigated. The results showed that flame height was different according to the pressure and temperature around the fire room.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.5 s.77
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• pp.22-27
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• 2006

Even though the interior of urban transit vehicle has been changed as a preventing measure against fire to make it inflammable, there remains a possibility of fire breaking out in case of gasoline etc being brought in the subway. However, there is also the possibility that in case if fire toxic gas is generated and hot air spreads in carriage it will prove very dangerous for people sitting inside. This is a comparative study where we compare simulation results with model examining the time and direction the fire spreads when it breaks out. Also there is vertical distribution of temperature in carriage where the fire spreads out. This study is about demonstrating how to establish smokeless system in urban vehicle, about its necessity, and about vehicle system restructuring. This study also makes an effort to find more advanced method for efficient fire safety in trains. In existing vehicles, in case of fire, the smoke can't go out when doors are closed and hence it spreads in whole train. Even though the method of using ventilation or exhaust established inside the carriage to throw smoke out is much better than the way of opening end doors in each carriage, this study is trying to do research on second way. Through simulation we see that in second case, even though not as good as the first one, smoke can exit through gates. Even though the first method is better, the second can also be uses to let fire out. We can know that in the first case as the smoke can exit out faster, it provides more safety for people. So this system provides better fire safety condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2004

The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was applied to a center fire in a room, of which dimensions were 1.8m${\times}$1.38m with an opening of 0.45m${\times}$1.2m doorway, to evaluate the numerical method. The time-variation of temperature at a top point of thedoorway centerline and distributions of evaluate the numerical method. The time-variation of temperature at a top point of the doorway centerline and distributions of average temperature along the doorway centerline and corner stack were compared with measurements for three different fire sizes, 7.65, 21.25 and 51.71kW. The results showed FDS predicted a very rapid fire growth compared with the experiment for all the three fire sizes, that is an importand shortcoming of FDS in compartment fire simulations. The average temperature distributions, and heights of hot gas layers and neutral planes in steady state were in reasonable agreement with the measurements.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.92-97
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• 2010

Fire simulation by using a computational fluid dynamics model and examination of the fires at indoor shooting ranges broken out in the past were conducted, to presume causes of the fire at the indoor shooting range in Busan and suggest fire safety measures. On-site investigations and shooting tests on unburned gunpowder were also carried out. No trace of the muzzle spark and spark at the bullet trap was found in CCTV footage, and the impact of a stray bullet failed to ignite gunpowder. Cigarette was therefore presumed to be the most likely source of ignition among the potential sources. It appeared that the explosion in the shooting area was caused by violent burning of the polyurethane sound absorber and unburned gunpowder accumulated on it. The fire safety measures include prohibit of use of profile polyurethane sound absorber, removal of steel components from bullet trap, clean up and control of unburned gunpowder, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 2020

Recently, fire and explosion accidents caused by sparks scattered during welding and melting work in the work place where flammables are present. The causes of such fire accidents are mostly non-compliance with basic safety rules such as the removal of hazardous goods and the prevention of sparks scattering. It is strongly recommended to revise Industrial Safety and Health Act. This study analyzes the fire and explosion accidents in the work of firearms, such as welding and melting work, and analyzes the causes from a system perspective, and proposes an improvement plan for the system such as expanding the number of fire monitors, pre-approval of fire risk work, and intensifying fire prevention safety education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.32-44
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• 1998

Analysis on the study for the sodium fire mitigation was carried out using the CONTAIN-LMR code. Sodium loop building was partitioned into the many cells, in which the safety venting systems were installed for the purpose of improving the sodium fire safety and minimizing its effect on the sodium loop building. The effects of sodium fire on sodium loop building partitioned into the many cells and not partitioned were investigated. The peak pressure and temperature of each cell accompanied by sodium fire in sodium loop building partitioned were lower than those of sodium loop building not partitioned. In the case of partitioning sodium loop building, the pressures, temperatures and aerosols into cells were transferred through propagation path of CONTAIN-LMR sodium fire model simulated by this study, and the effect of sodium spray fire on sodium loop building was mitigated by partitioning building. In addition, the excessive rise of pressure into cells was prevented by installing the over-pressure exhaust valve and under-pressure exhaust valve on the flow path between cells.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2013

In the case of the fire to the exterior of the building through openings, the openings of the adjacent building are exposed to the risk of combustion expanding and factors that affect the combustion in the radiant heat and direct flame. Recent five years, fire of the adjacent building indicated that incidence of the 5,134(2.27%) among total 225,934 cases occurred The damage scale of fire expanded was lower than in a single building but casualties(5.46%) and property(25.0%) damage were higher. Therefore, this study provides to analyze the operating status for fire protection equipment of fire-preventing area in the Seoul and to apply measures to improve fire protection equipment according to narrow the distance between the building openings studied.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.395-405
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• 2005

This work introduces to the international scientific community the Chinese Code on fire safety design of steel building structures. The aim of the Code is to prevent the structure of a steel building subjected to fire from collapsing, ensure safe evacuation of building occupants, and reduce the cost for repairing the damages of the structure caused by fire. The main contents of the Code is presented in this paper, including the fire duration requirements of structural components, fundamental requirements on fire safety design of steel components, temperature increasing of atmosphere and components in fire, loading effect and capacity of various components in fire, and procedure for fire-resistant design of steel components. The analytical approach is employed in the Code and the effectiveness of the Code is validated through experiments.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to improve the evacuation stability of residents in apartment fire. For this purpose, the actual condition survey about the obstacles was conducted on 3,056 escape stairs in the 183 apartments. In addition, the questionnaire investigation was carried out a survey targeting the residents of apartments about their experience of fire safety education, perception on safety management of escape stairs, and perception on fire safety. As a result of investigation, we confirmed that the obstacles were formed in the 1,916 escape stairs among the 3,056 escape stairs of the 183 apartments (percent of barricades in escape stairs: 62.70%). Furthermore, it showed that fire safety education experience was found to be 83.10% of subject. The perception on safety management of the subjects in the escape step and the perception on fire safety were $3.84{\pm}0.75%$, and $3.49{\pm}0.61$, respectively. In the results, most of the subjects had a fire safety education and knew how to safety management the escape stairs but, the practice of the safety management action was low. Based on the results in the paper, the policy proposal is that the fire safety education is emphasized to change from the perception to action.