• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2001

In clinic, it's very difficult to diagnose and treat a Taeyangin patient accurately. Taeyangin are rarer than other constitutions in number and there are few references in documents. Therefore, it will be helpful to understand Taeyangin if we accumulate their clinical cases. To that end, I introduce a case study concerning 3 persons. Among patients who have visited the Oriental Hospital of Dongguk University, these 3 persons were classified as Taeyangin and then their symptoms were reduced by Taeyangin treatment. Through reporting the case studies concerning these 3 persons - a male patient aged 14 complaining of feeling oppressed and dyspnea, a female patient aged 39 complaining of dyspepsia, feeling heavy in the head, and fatigue, and a male patient aged 23 complaining of acid regurgitation and nausea, I want to contribute to diagnosis and treatment in Taeyangin.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2006

1. Objectives and Methods A Study on the Characteristics of the Korean Adult Male Sound according to Sasang Constitution using PSSC with a Sentence. Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) is the one of the traditional Korean Medicine. It classifies people into four categories like Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin and Soeumin. The rule to classify is Appearance and Body Shape, Facial Appearance and Speech, Character and Talents and Diseases and Medications. This study was done to investigate the relationships between Voice and Sound parameters using PSSC(Phonetic System of Sasang Constitution) in a sentence. Experimental Participants were 195 Korean adult males including 1 Taeyangin, 37 Soyangin, 105 Taeumin and 52 Soeumin. Sasang Constitutional specialist used PSSC and Korean Medical Diagnosis to classify participants into four constitution. 2. Results In Pitch segment, Soyangin's Center freq.(4) was significantly high compared with Taeyangin and Taeumin groups. Soyangin's and Soeumin's Center freq.(6) was significantly high compared with Taeyangin and Taeumin groups. In APQ segment and Octave segment, there were no significant differences among four groups. In Shimmer segment, Taeumin's F Shimmer(1) and F Shimmer(2) were significantly high compared with Taeyangin and Soyangin groups. In Energy segment, Taeyangin's 2k-4k total sum, 2k-4k dev., C dev., C# dev. and D S.D. were significantly high compared with other groups. In Recording time segment, there was no significant difference among four groups. More Taeyangin cases and the other parameters are needed to determine constitution using PSSC and to make PSSC effective. 3. Conclusions From above result, there is the possibility of efficiency standard guide for constitution diagnosis by analyzation og voice.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare the profiles of Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) and Sasang constitution in middle school students. Methods : In this study, healthy 89 students(13 to 15 years old) except for 3 Taeyangin were analyzed; 37 Soyangin, 30 Taeeumin, 22 Soeumin. The Sasang Constitutional types were determined by the results of TS-QSCD(Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis) and the seven dimensions JTCI 12-18(The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory) were compared among the different Sasang types using analysis of variance(ANOVA). Results : In the temperament dimensions, Soyangin showed significantly higher score than Taeeumin and Soeumin in Novelty Seeking(NS). Soeumin showed significantly higher score than Soyangin in Harm Avoidance(HA). Soyangin showed significantly higher score than the others in RD(Reward Dependence) (Soyangin>Soeumin>Taeeumin). In the character dimensions, Soyangin showed significantly higher score than Soeumin in SD(Self-Directness). There were no significant differences in P(Persistence), and C(cooperativeness) and ST(self-transcendence). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that there are some differences of the temperaments and characters among Sasang types and could help adolescents to understand and develope themselves.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2013

Objectives This study was aimed to reveal the characteristics of the body shape, face, voice and temperament in Taeyangin. Methods The subjects were recruited from November 2005 to August 2012. Sasang constitutional specialist in each clinics confirmed the Sasang Constitution. Taeyangin (TY) became a standard guidance to be compared with each other Sasang type. Anova test was used in analyzing continuous variables and factor analysis was conducted in temperament questionnaire in advance. Generalized propensity score with age and body mass index (BMI) was used in adjusted model. Significant level was .05 Results 1. The TY body shape were generally smaller than Taeeumin (TE) (p<0.001) and Soyangin (SY) (p<0.05) in crude. The TY body shape were still smaller than TE (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between TY and SY except rib circumference in males and forehead circumference (p<0.05) in females in adjusted model. 2. The size of face and nose in TY was smaller than in TE and there was different between males and females' TY and others in the characteristics of eye, nose and forehead variables in crude (p<0.05). Most of differences between TY and TE were disappeared in adjusted model. 3. The vocal height and speed of TY was different other types and there was different between males and females' TY in some of frequency change rate in crude (p<0.05). Most of differences between TY and other types were similar before and after adjusted model. 4. The temperament of TY was different with SE before and after adjusted mode 1 (p<0.05). TY males showed difference in expression factor and TY females showed difference in behavior factor compared with TE respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions This study reveals characteristics of body shape, face, voice and character in the TY males females compared with each other type respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.505-517
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• 2005

The Purposes of this study were to find complementary connectible new factors that analyzed correlation relate of Sasang Constitution and GCM Body Type in Static Posture and Dynamic Hyper/Hypo-mobility Pattern. Method of this study was asymtomatic volunteers 232(unmarried man and women), conducted from September 1 to December 31. In this main study progressing step diagnosised first, Constitution of Sasang medicine after being classified into four groups of Soyangin, Taeumin, Soeumin, Taeyangin diagnosis of GCM Body Type and progressed that related Static Posture and Dynamic Hyper/Hypo mobility Pattern. The results are as follows. Distribution of Sasang Medicine Constitution proved to be Taeyangin 13, Soyangin 66, Taeumin 67, Soeumin 86 respectively. Distribution of GCM Body Type proved I Body Type 72(31.0%), II Body Type 54(23.3%), III Body Type 89(38.4%), IV Body Type 17(7.3%). The distribution of Sasang Constitution according to GCM Body Type was that; I Body Type was distributed in the order Soeumin 34.7%(25), Taeumin 31.9%(23), Soyangin 30.6%(22), Soeumin 34.7%(25) is the most people. II Body Type was distribution of in the order Soeumin 42.6%(23), Soyangin 5.9%(14), Taeumin 24.1%(13), Soeumin 42.6%(23) is the most people. III Body Type was distribution of in the order Soeumin 37.1%(33), Taeumin 30.3%(27), Soyangin 28.1%(25), Soeumin 37.1% is the most people. IV Body Type proved high distribution each of Soeumin 29.4%(5) and Soyangin 29.4%(5). In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about I Body Type 72 persons with left scapular and ilium forward tilted pattern proved in the order high distribution iliac crest thigh and scapular high 70(97.2%), gluteal fold high and scapular abduction 69(95.8%), lumbar scoliosis 65(90.3%). Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution deep gluteal fold 69(95.8%), umbilical deviation 68(94.4%). Incase of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about n Body Type 54 persons proved in the: order high distribution knee hyperextension 50(92.6%), shoulder deviation 49(90.7%) etc. Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation 53(98.1%), iliac crest thigh 52(96.3%), hip flexion and ankle inversion 51(94.4%) etc. In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about III Body Type 89 persons proved in the order high distribution shoulder deviation 87(97.8%), scapular abduction 86(96.6%), scapular high 85(95.5%) etc. And in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation and iliac crest thigh 86(96.6%) etc. In case of main left side posture character of spine and limbs about IV Body Type 17 persons proved in the order high distribution pelvic deviation, lumbar sciliosis and lumbar lordosis increase 15(88.2%) etc. Also, in case of right side posture character proved in the order high distribution wrist dorsiflexion 16(94.1%), thickened achilles tendon etc.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to study the personality traits of Sasang constitutions by comparing the profiles of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Methods : A total of 110 healthy people (20 to 40 years old), except for 2 Taeyangin (TY type), were analyzed; 45 Taeeumin (TE type), 32 Soyangin (SY type), and 31 Soeumin (SE type). A Sasang constitutional medicine specialist diagnosed the Sasang constitution after analyzing the result of a Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis (TS-QSCD), the external appearance, temperament and symptoms. The dimensions of TCI and EPQ were compared among the different Sasang constitutions, using an analysis of variance, and correlations between TCI and EPQ were analyzed by a Pearson correlation method. Results : Among the four temperament dimensions of TCI, SY type showed a significantly higher score than the SE type in Novelty Seeking. SE type showed significantly higher score than TE and SY type in Harm Avoidance. SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Reward Dependence. TE and SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Persistence. There were no significant differences in the character dimensions of Self-directness, Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence. Among the seven dimensions of EPQ, TE and SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Extraversion. SE type showed significantly higher score than SY type in Lie. SY type showed significantly higher score than TE and SE type in Impulsiveness. Conclusions : The results demonstrated that there are some significant differences of personality traits among Sasang constitutions. This could help diagnose and understand each Sasang constitution.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2007

1. Objectives We know that the origine of the pe-tsai is from 백채(白菜; pronounced as bak-tsai, meaning white vegetable). But some literatures said that the japanese butterbur(Petasites japonicus (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim) is from 백채(白菜;: pronounced as bak-tsai), too. These two words have same origin. It makes us get into a mess. So We are about to study the origine of the pe-tsai more. Also, we investigated its historical origin, properties and Sasang constitutional medicine's efficacy. 2. Methods We reviewed farmings(e.g. 山林經濟, 林園經濟法), dictionarys(e.g. 訓蒙字會), encyclopedia(e.g. 物名攷), books on herbs and medicines to summarize literatures about the pe-tsai. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) The origin of term, pe-tsai is sung, named after a pine tree(松), chineses character pronounced as song) which we can see throughout a year. Also, pe-tsai was called white vegetables(白菜, pronounced as bak-tsai) because its appearance is green and white. Therefore, the pronounciation of sung derives from its character and we also say bak-tsai(白菜), which came from its looks. (2) Today we pronounce pe-tsai inro bae-tsu(배추) in korean. There are pronunciational developments of this word : bak-tsai(白菜) $\to$ bae-tsae $\to$ bae-tsa $\to$ bae-tsa $\to$ bae-tsae(배채) $\to$ bae-tsu(배추). (3) Our ancestor used bak-tsai(白菜) as the name of japenese butterbur, which was different from China. The latter times of Joseon(조선), however, sometimes bak-tsai(白菜) meant pe-tsai. After the year of 1800, bak-tsai(白菜) only meant pe-tsai. So when we try to translate our ancestor's books, we must examine carefully their published year. (4) Pe-tsai is used for baby's erysipelas, boil, fever in the chest, thirst after alcohol drinking and kind of diabetes. It helps digestive organs as well. Pe-tsai is used for stress, fever in the chest and cough with fever of Soyangin and Tayangin in Sasang Constitutional Medicine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.225-247
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• 1995

Using Bi-Digital O-Ring Test which was developed by Ohmura Toshiaki, constiution classification by the vegetables' was Measured by various muscle power measurement meters and the results are as follow: 1. Pinch Gauge (Model:pc5030HPG, Japan) is the gauge to measure finger power between the thumb and the second finger, Grip Strength Dynamometer (Model: T.K.K. 5101, Japan) is to measure the hand power (hand dynamometer), Back Strength Dynamometer (Model: T.K.K. 5102, Japan) is to measure back muscle strength, Vertical jump Meter (Model: T.K.K. 5106, Japan) is to measure the height of jump. The above gauges were and its result found that the radish, potato, carrot and cucumber can influence to muscle strength was not true. 2. When the physical constitution is distinguished by the O-Ring Test method, Taeyangin's rate appeared as average 21% although it was insisted that there will be only 0.03-0.1%. This means that the physical constitution but it appears accidently according to the examinee's emotion about the material such as vegetable etc. as favor or unfavor. 3. It was found that the result of O-Ring Test is the same at any time and at any place was not true. there is no reemergence character. 4. The import of O-Ring Test mehtod to the physical discrimination disregarded that the mental factor influences absolutely to the physical heath in the ideological physi cal constitution medical science. 5. 'O-Ring Test method is a objective judgement method.' is wrong judgement. As you see on the above result, Bi-Digital O-Ring Test set the changeable voluntary muscle as the standard of the judgument, that was first mistake logically, second in spite of leass influence of mental influence by the examiner and examinee than the vegetable discrimination influence, the test disregarded the influence. Third, only grasp of some material on hand can influence to the voluntary muscle was a wrong theory disregarding the physiology. Finally the misunderstaning his subjective view as an objective view in spite of examiner and examinee's strong influence. Therefore such kind of physical descrimination method must be sublated.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

I think that the study on the ${\ulcorner}$DongMuSunSaSaSangYakSungSangHumGoGa${\lrcorner}$ of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo${\lrcorner}$ is basic material explaining the character of sasang-herb and prescription. Through the study on the ${\ulcorner}$DongMuSunSaSaSangYakSungSangHumGoGa${\lrcorner}$'s origin and meaning, I can take the result as follows. The first, that is composed of total 237 herbs of 90 spleen-herb (Soeumin-herb), 61 kidney-herb (Soyangin-herb), 67 lung-herb (Taeeumin-herb) and 19 liver-herb (Taeyangin-herb). The second, the origin of that is ${\ulcorner}$JeJungSinPyun${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$BangYakHapPyun${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$EuiHakIpMum${\lrcorner}$. And DongMu classified traditional YakSungGa as spleen-herb, kidney-herb, lung-herb and liver-herb which is suitable to Sasangin, not created that. So we can know that the first understanding for DongMu' s herb is focused on the traditional YakSungGa. The third, DongMu's unique terminology of spleen-herb, kidney-herb, lung-herb and liver herb show his sight of symptom, disease and pharmacology, that is focused on small JangBu. The forth, through herb-nature gathered from traditional YakSungGa, that purposed to classfying each constitutional herb. So we can know his idea that the choice of herb is not in general efficacy but in personal constitution. As mentioned abovet, that can refer to an herbal argument of DongMu and ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGoYakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ that make known to be common can refer to an prescriptional argument of DongMu.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

The Sasang constitutional Medicine is the original medicine that is created from the deep studies on former Eastern medical theories by Lee Jae-Ma in the late 19th century. This medicine deals with the interaction between mind and body in great depth. The temperament (the distinct nature and character of an individual, 性情) concept is the theoretical basis which divides man's constitution into four(Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin). This concept is derived from The old oriental Sung-Myung concept which has philosophical meaning. These terms of Sung and Jung also have metaphysical meaning and can not be explained easily. but roughly, The temperament is divided two concept. the distinct nature(性) means human's nature and the distinct nature(情) means human's desire. Besides, In Sasang constitution medicine, terms that traditionally represent emotions in asia are used as terminology of temperament. Altough too many aspects about Human's mind remains unknown yet, According to Neurological evidences, the brain is regarded as the main organ that produces rationality and emotion. Especially the way that brain produces an emotion provides some clues that can tell us how can mind affect body. Emotion is considered as evolutionary adaptation to response correctly against unexpected chaotic external changes. It is something that humans are born with, and causes physical responses simultaneously. Moreover, It can be come out with or without consciousness. The temperament(性情) concept and Emotion have similarity that both play an important role in mind-body correlation. Therefore Neurological researches on emotion were able to help reinterpret temperament(性情) concept. the distinct nature(性) seems to be the emotion that is come out directly from the brain stem, and the distinct nature(情) seems to be the emotion that is produced after neocortex involved thinking process. And the reason why Sung and Jung affect organs differently is explained from the manner that brain expresses emotion.