• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.14-26
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate how the woman's beauty makeup trend had been changed in 1960s by analyzing the characteristics of woman's make-up in that period. For this study, a lot of documents and papers related to the woman's make-up were collected and reviewed. In particular, to analyze the characteristics of woman's make up trend in 1960s, a lot of women's pictures and makeup-related articles from 143 volumes of woman's magazines such as Yeowon and Jubusaenghwal were collected. Among the 624 pictures, fifty two pictures which were good enough for studying the total face and makeup were used for this study. The period of this study ranges from 1960 through 1969 and the analysis is focused on skin expression, eyebrow, eye shadow, eye line, lipstick, and brusher and through the related articles, the intention and contents of make up. were delivered and found out. The results are as follows. In early 1960s, the woman's make up was characterized by the make up ranging from unnatural and gray skin expression to dense pink skin expression, giving natural and glossy tint onto the skin and in particular putting a bright accent on the eyelid, eye or lip. In the mid-1960s, the make up style expressed skin more naturally, giving more shading on the eyelid, nose and lip, thus having cubic make-up. In the late 1960s, the make up became more refined and harmonized by using colors according to the TPO (time, place and objective) and skin color. The study results show that the women in 1960s pursued the "cute and young looking image" and used the make up to express their images young and cute. In the mid 1960s, the minimalism which pursued the pure and simple make up appeared in US. That trend affected the make up style of Korean women and hence Korean women showed more natural make up style in the mid and late 1960s.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is research on the characteristics of post-modernism expressed on western hair styles in the late 20th century. Therefore this thesis analyzed the relationship of modernism & the hair styles of that mage and post-modernism & the hair styles of that mage. That will re-illuminate the same beauty worth of same age as to accurate the concept of post-modernism & the hair styles of that mage. And the last, criticizing the post-modernism design and that hair design, helping to find new trends. The method of this study was the literature research & analysis of visual materials focus on upper bust image that can know the relationship of modernism & the hair styles of that mage, and post-modernism & the hair styles of that mage. First, the literature research is composed of analysis of theses, magazines on art, clothing and cosmetology having the contents of 20th century western culture, art and hair styles. Second, the analysis of visual materials is composed of analysis of video films, slide films and photographs of books, magazines, and internet home-pages. Modern western hair styles, appeared after 1910's, is represented as a short cut & permanent wave. That express experimentalism, functionalism, and purism, that is same as the other art's trend of same age. Post-modern western hair styles, appeared after 1960's, also show the same trend with same age's. This summarized & characterized 8 categories; historical method, pluralism, negotiation, escape from the formality, recovery of humanity, ornament, connection with race, metaphor & symbolism. But post-modernism concentrating pluralism makes easy making low quality art and absence of criticism, so this thesis criticised it 5 categories; absence of ideas, absence of the social sense of responsibility, lost of one's characteristics, decline of skills, decline of worth of usages.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1061-1074
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• 2011

This study was conducted based on a comparative analysis of design-specific features prevalent in the Women's Wear Collection S/S 2011. As the method of this study, the denim styles were classified by various fashion design factors consisting of silhouette, fit, color, and textile fabric, which were extracted from an image database. The properties of denim fabrics associated with each fashion image were investigated to inform fabric development and washing. The results of the study show that the dense and glossy surface of the denim fabric represent a modern trend, which can be achieved by blending lyocell, tencel and rayon or by using different textiles, such as lightweight plain weave and satin instead of twill. For casual look, various washing effects were utilized jean's casual feeling like freedom and activities, while in a modern image, washing effects was restricted. And a glossy textile offers a simple modern look. The Modern image represents a simple H-silhouette and wide or straight fit in bottoms as well. Brightness can be adjusted by washing-induced bleaching. High brightness gives an elegant image, while low brightness makes a casual image. The purpose of this study is to configure a database for the development of design in the growing women's casual wear market. In addition, This study, in which the elements for specific fashion image-making were analyzed, can be used as a reference for developing denim style and fabric.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.59-69
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes and intended meanings of decorations in women pants. Cross correlation was used to analyze 1829 pictures which appeared in national fashion magazines from 1969 to 2005. Three analysis categories were used: 1. type of decoration, 2. style, 3. fabric. The results of this investigation were as follows: (a) the decoration gave salience to the expressive function on the pants by merging different things, (b) the decoration acted on expressive media of new feminine beauty, and (c) the decoration reflected cultural identity through the addition of elements that represents different cultures or subcultures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.20-33
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• 2011

This study aims to analyze the expressive aspect of men's shirts through examining the characteristics of men's shirts with the trend of men's clothing well represented and considering the image based on high fashion. As a method of study, I have conducted the theoretical study through the literature data, and the content analysis through photographs from S/S collection in 2005 to F/W collection in 2010. Especially, in the recent men's shirts, the materials of glossy silk, wavering chiffon and jersey tend to appear and various images are represented with the tasteful decoration such as ruffle, pin tuck and embroidery together with pastel color. Thus, the result of this study is as follows: Firstly, the masculine and romantic images are researched as the image emphasizing the beautiful and soft masculine beauty which doesn't lose the masculinity even though they are seasonedwith the feminine elements. Soft masculine beauty is emphasized by using romantic image decoration of frills, beads and pin tuck or silk, jersey and openwork materials etc. Secondly, practical fusion images have been studied as the images emphasizing the freshness with practicality through grafting more than two items onto one shirt. Many designs have appeared representing new shapes by grafting more than two items onto one shirt or obscuring the border line between the items. Thirdly, the avant-garde chic images have been researched as the image emphasizing the chick image through representing unique and odd designs by excessively expressing the silhouette in general shapes of shirts. I come. to find that the mainly the designs, emphasizing the uniqueness and the distinction with transformed shapes of sleeves, cuffs and the length of shirts in exaggerated manners, are appearing. Thus, I intend to provide a reference material which will be useful for the newly created design and researches of figurative characteristics in the future fashion.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.548-555
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the patterns of commercial Cheollik dresses by size analysis and wearing evaluation. Six kinds of commercial Cheollik dress patterns distributed on the market were selected and classified into two types group, A type group(A-1, A-2, A-3) consisting of flat type sleeve pattern and B type group(B-1, B-2, B-3) consisting of three-dimensional type sleeve pattern depending on the sleeve type. The size of the Cheollik dress pattern was analyzed, and wearing evaluations of the appearance, movability were carried out. Cheollik dress pattern was made in various size and many patterns were produced in the form of omission of components such as seop. It should be based on the understanding of the form and composition of the traditional Cheollik for pattern development. As a result of the wearing evaluation, A-2 showed the highest evaluation in the appearance and movability evaluations in type A. B-2 was the highest evaluation in appearance evaluation in type B. But in the evaluation of the movability, B-2 received the lowest evaluation because of little allowance. Therefore, the allowance in clothes should be considered enough for the movability. The result of this study can be provided as a basic data for the development of Cheollik dress pattern reflecting modern trend and the traditional beauty.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1061-1068
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• 2007

The study has sought to explore how fashion emerges as a comprehensive tool of dress for increasing its brand appeal and express one's artistic sense and fashion by using everything from make-up to hair to trappings. Therefore, when it comes to fashion trends reflected in collections, the study is designed to improve understanding of make-up as one of the elements of total fashion and to help create diverse ideas in expressing creative and free make-up that can help perfect fashion concept in harmony with all the other elements. The study has pondered upon collection, trends and fashion make-up through literature study, and has gathered image data via the Internet. It also has conducted analysis of Ethnic style reconstructed combining past and the future, East and the West, and futurism style using asymmetrical forms without no defined patterns and hi-tech textures, which emerges as a result of post-modernism. The results of the study are as follows. Ethnic fashion that pursues strange and exotic beauty is characterized by its simple and idyllic images of traditional costume in Asia or primitive clothes in Africa. Make-up represent images of matt and pale skin, tanned yellow, glossy and thickly powered squeaky white skin. Point make-up highlighted eye lines, red chick, small and voluptuous red lips. Hair and accessory seeks diversity combining various ethnic styles together such as oriental, Indian, Islam and Africa. In addition, future-oriented fashion of the 21st century, twists in texture, various kinds of materials and changes in technique help give impressions of freedom and bizarreness.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.110-127
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• 2015

This study probed into the fashion styling of modern girls who led fashion and revealed power of woman as the center of modernization in Korea. Methods included the theoretical study based on fashion related newspaper articles at the time, specialized publications, advance researches, and internet data and the empirical study that involved contents analysis centering on visual data, expert evaluation, and styling development and presentation. The image of Korean modern girl analysis found in the order of modern image, elegant image, classic image, mannish image, romantic image. The aesthetic characteristics could be classified into sensual classicism, modern elegance, feminist epicenism, and romantic simplicity. The theme was 'Retro Modern' and a total of 4 styles were applied. 'Progressive Tradition' expressed the aesthetic characteristics of sensual classicism and it gave a modern reinterpretation of the seamless one-piece skirt which is the modified Korean clothes of Korean modern girls. 'Luxe Beauty' expressed the aesthetic characteristics of modern elegance, and it developed the long and slim style which was popular in the 1930's in a trendy way. 'Dressy Avant-garde' expressed the aesthetic characteristics of feminist epicenism, and it suggested the mannish style Western clothes that Korean modern girls wore by following recent fashion trend. 'Minimal Couture' expressed the aesthetic characteristics of romantic simplicity and it presented the garçonne look which was popular in the 1920's by following recent trend.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.2 s.2
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

The result of the study for essential oil(Bergamot, Grapefruit essential oil)'s Anaiysis of Blood Serum Epidermis proteins by exposure of nature lays on treatments are as follows. 1. There is no significant difference between control group and the groups treated by essential oil in feed efficiency, but in water intake, there are significant differences between each group. Water intake of the groups treated by Bergamot and Grapefruit essential oil without treatment by sun cream is higher than that of any other group. It is presented that the effect of losing water of the surface of skin is related to the balance effect of water. 2. As a result of serum analysis without applied UV-rays, the total cholesterol in the groups treated by Bergamot essential oil is higher than that of the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil. It is showed that the dissolution of cellulite of Grapefruit essential oil is stronger than that of Bergamot essential oil. After applied UV-rays, however, the change of total cholesterol of the groups treated by Bergamot essential oil is lower than that of the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil, namely, the group treated by Bergamot essential oil drops is used to make sebum membrane on the surface of skin, so the quantity of influx into blood vessel was low. With the result that, atherosclerotic index(A.I) also was low in the group treated by Grapefruit essential oil. In the aspect of increasing cholesterol for obesity treatment, it was judged that the effect of treatment with Bergamot essential oil is somewhat slower than that with Grapefruit essential oil, but it is safer than the effect of treatment with Grapefruit essential oil in the aspect of health. 3. As a result of protein analysis, the groups applied UV-rays in the group of treated by Bergamot essential oil, the biggest change of protein's band was appeared under part of 20.0 1Kd in the change pattern of protein. As the trend of changing protein at the groups treated by SPF 15 and 30 was similar to that of the groups of the control, it was showed that the effect of sun cream can prevent the change of the composition of skin. In the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil, after the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil applied UV-rays, the biggest change of protein's bend was appeared the upper part of 43Kd in the change pattern of protein. It was also judged that it means the change of the composition of skin. However, the trend of changing protein at the groups treated by SPF 15 and 30 was also similar to that of the groups of the control. Eventually, it was also showed that it can prevent the change of the composition of skin by the effect of sun cream.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.183-189
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• 2023

As South Korea faces a general decline in population, similar to other regions, its rural areas are also experiencing a downward trend. This study examines how the scale and shifts in population within rural towns(eup·myeon) are affecting the number of essential services such as hospitals, laundry shops, and beauty salons. Our analysis encompassed the populations of 1,403 towns, excluding nine areas due to lack of data as of 2020. Since the availability of basic services can vary with population size, we normalized the figures to reflect the number of services per 10,000 people, allowing for a comparative analysis across different population sizes. Generally, areas with more people showed an increase in the number of services per capita. Our review of changes from 2000 to 2020 revealed patterns in how service numbers adjust with population variations. Future research should delve into more detailed trends of these facilities and forecast the rural population's future to ensure that residents in areas where service sustainability may be challenging will have full access to necessary services.