• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1361-1369
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• 2014

This research is for analyzing the change rate of housing rent price index produced by KAB (Korea Appraisal Board) in the monthly periodical, Survey on Housing Monthly Rent. The index is a very important and useful indicator to understand and diagnose the house rental market. However, the index is criticized in that it tends to decline when the price level of Jeonse (i.e., a typical type of dwellings in Korea, generally leased on a deposit basis for 1 or 2 years) is highly going up, which is inconsistent with the actual economic sentiment of tenants. We verify the reason why such phenomenon occurs and suggest a simple but novel method to analyze properly the change rate of the index. The main findings are as follows. The key factor to trigger the problem is the use of the conversion rate for Jeonse-to-monthly rent for constructing the rent price indexes. We separate the effect of the conversion rate out of the change rate of the index and quantify the adjusted real change rate showing an increase of the rent price level which is masked by the conversion rate before.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.61-73
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• 2008

Piles of a bridge pier are connected with the column through the pile cap (footing). Behavior of the pile foundation can be different according to the connection method between piles and the pile cap. Connection methods between pile heads and the pile cap are divided into two groups : rigid connections and hinge connections. Domestic design code has been specified to use rigid connection method for the highway bridge. In the rigid connection method, maximum bending moment of a pile occurs at the pile head and this helps the pile to prevent the excessive displacement. Rigid methods are also good to improve the seismic performance. However, some specifications prescribe that conservative results through investigations of both the fixed-head condition and the free-head condition should be reflected in the design. This statement may induce an over-estimated design for the bridge which has high-quality structures with casing covered drilled shafts and the PC-house contained pile cap. Because the assumption of free-head conditions (hinge connections) is unreal for the elevated pile cap system with multiple piles of the long span sea-crossing bridges. On the other hand, elastic displacement method to evaluate the pile reactions under the pile cap is not suitable for this type of bridges due to impractical assumptions. So, full modeling techniques which analyze the superstructure and the substructure simultaneously should be performed. Loads and stress state of the large diameter drilled shaft and the pile cap for Incheon Bridge which will be the longest bridge of Korea were investigated through the full modeling for rigid connection conditions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2022

Background: This retrospective study aimed to determine whether there were correlations between the number and type of accompanying symptoms of peripheral facial nerve palsy, and surface electromyography (SEMG) and clinical assessment scales to help diagnosis. Methods: There were 30, cases of peripheral facial nerve palsy at Visit 1 to the Korean Medicine Hospital, Dong-eui University, 22 cases at Visit 2 and 10 cases at Visit 3. The study period was from July 19, 2021 to November 31, 2021. Symptoms were evaluated three times (with two-week intervals which began 7 days from onset) using SEMG, clinical assessment scales and accompanying symptoms. In this study, the House-Brackmann grading system (HBGS), and the Yanagihara's unweighted grading system (Y-score) clinical assessment scales were used. The Pearson or Spearman correlation was used for statistical analysis. Results: On Visit 1, the number of accompanying symptoms of peripheral facial nerve palsy had no significant correlation with other measures. On Visits 1-3, the HBGS score had a significant negative correlation with the Y-score. On Visit 2, most of the mean values measured had significant correlations with each other although not between SEMG-Z and SEMG-O that Z means a zygomaticus muscle and O means a orbicularis oris muscle. On Visit 3, the number of accompanying symptoms significantly correlated with the clinical assessment scales. The HBGS score, Y-score, and SEMG measurements (except SEMG-Z) had significant correlations with each other. A significant positive correlation between SEMG-Z and SEMG-T was noted. Conclusion: We predict accompanying symptoms can be used to diagnose the peripheral facial nerve palsy including both clinical assessment scales and SEMG measurements at 2-5 weeks after onset.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 1994

This study was conducted to obtain practical information on the efficient drying of animal manure under the sunny dry condition. The effects of the height of manure pile (5, 10, 15, and 20cm), stirring times (0, 1, 2, and 4 times/day), the addition of dried manure (30%, w/w), and the type of drying bed on the removal of water from fresh pig manure were investigated in a plastic house. Pig manure was dried very well by lowering the height of manure pile and the drying efficiency was the highest at 10cm height. Water evaporation rate was the greatest at the twice stirring per day treatment. The addition of dried manure as bulking material enhanced the water evaporation rate of wet pig manure. The amounts of water removed for 19 days under the condition of 10cm height of manure pile and twice-stirring in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 75.6, 73.3, 54.6 and $32.6kg/1.2m^2$, respectively.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of occlusal appliance on the mandibular position and the mandibular rotational torque movement during speech. For this study, 20 patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) and 20 normal subjects without any signs and symptoms in the masticatory system were selected as the patient group and as the normal group, respectively. Biopak $system^{(R)}$(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA) and a sentence of 'Sue is missing her house' were used for recording and for observing of speech pattern. There were five mandibular positions observed in this study, that is, mandibular rest position, 'ssi', 'her', 'ha', and 's' speech position. In each position, slant and A-P distance in sagittal plane, vertical distance and lateral distance in frontal plane were measured. Amount of the mandibular rotational torque movement were measured at 'her', 'ha' speech position and for all through speech movement. Centric relation splint(CRS) was placed in both groups, but anterior or posterior bite plane were placed in normal subjects only. Data collected were processed and analysed by SPSS windows program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Mandibular positions in both groups were not different before adaptation, with CRS, and after removal, but total amount of the mandibular rotational torque movement was greater in patients. 2. Mandible was slightly placed anteriorly with CRS at 'her' and 'ha' speech position in patients, but was placed anteriorly at all the five positions in normal subjects. 3. Difference with type of occlusal appliance in normal subjects were noted only for vertical distance at 'ssi' and 'ha' speech position, and the distance with CRS were more than that with posterior bite plane. 4. Mandibular rotational torque movement at 'her' and 'ha' speech position was greater in patients, but the difference was disappeared after appliance removal. And the torque movement was greater at 'ha' speech position than that at 'her' speech position in frontal plane. It could be concluded that the adaptation of occlusal appliance showed a tendency to locate the mandible anteriorly during speech in both groups, but did not affect total mandibular rotational torque movement which was greater in patients.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.201-246
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• 2019

Information technology is sometimes considered as a cause that puts education in a big crisis, or it can be seen as a savior. In 2011, the Korean government announced that it would innovate education and build a talented nation by bringing IT into schools of public education system through the SMART education policy. The policy initiative aimed to establish a standard classroom models that can be diffused all over the country's schools so that teachers and students may become familiar of using devices such as tablet PCs and laptops. This paper analyzes how the smart classrooms caused friction in the actual education practices. To this end, I analyzed the direction and ideals of the SMART education policy by reading government policy document and design guidelines officially published, and visited three elementary schools that are actually building and operating a smart classroom environment to visit the facilities and have in-depth interviews with teachers and technicians. The ideal type of classroom proposed by the smart education policy was a package equipped with various functions at once in a neatly designed space like a "model house", but it was difficult to be used as a normal classroom in everyday life of school. Instead of copying and installing the model, each school decided to get "smart" in its own way, depending on how factors such as size, local characteristics, socioeconomic conditions of students and teachers, teacher experiences, and the level of existing infrastructure were combined. In Elementary School A, the machines tamed specific space of the school to create their own space, while following the rules of the school for being mobile. Although Elementary School B could not construct fully supported environment that encompassed the entire school, the system was organized with the help of well trained teacher's experiences in other schools. In Elementary School C, the machines are concentrated on specific classrooms and they promote teacher's professionalism. The components of the smart classroom were disassembled and recombined in context to make each school's classroom "smart".

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.74-82
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• 2014

The proportion of apartment housing has been increased to solve the housing problems resulted from rapid growth in urban population and urban economy. With the increase in apartment's proportions and the concern about quality of housing, the contractors have made efforts to satisfy the customers in improving the quality of housing. Despite these efforts, the conflicts between the contractor and the customers are getting serious. Also the disputes and the litigation of defect are increasing because of the contractor's negative treatment and inadequate countermeasure. In this study the defect lawsuits which bring actions against the contractors are collected and analyzed. And then the strategic countermeasures are proposed according to the classifying the type of defect and size. The suggested countermeasure model before the defects are resulted is expected to contribute in developing the contractors strategies to reduce the conflicts against customers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.208-216
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• 2019

Rural houses are losing their original shape as they mimic the spatial composition of urban houses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to extract the design elements needed for rural housing by applying Christopher Alexander's "A PATTERN LANGUAGE" to Standard Rural-House Design (SRHD). The scope and method of research was to compare and analyze the standard designs (SD) produced and distributed by the 'Korea Rural Community Corporation' from 2009 to 2014. The research result is summarized as follows. 1) The housing layout in the SD ignored the site conditions of various rural areas. 2) Most of the houses were not actively planned, considering that they contain various activities of rural life. 3) There was no room for children and the kitchen was planned to integrate the interior into a flexible space in the form of L.D.K. 4) There was no space plan that could be used as both a leasable annex and office space for the farming community. 5) Many small area plans were made because of the SD plan for couples only in 2014. Although the rural environment and living patterns were ignored in the SD, the diverse pattern language provided by the pattern language was developed as a SD element for rural houses, which is the most suitable housing plan for the farmers' livelihood pattern.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-209
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• 2011

This study explored the relationships among such variables as work-family compatibility, gender attitude, reasons for low birth rate, and education level, using a sample of 2,678 from the '2009 National Survey for Marriage and Birth Trend'. The purpose of this study was to identify the ideas about how to support married couples' work-family balance, and how to change gender attitude to promote childbirth. The results are as follows. The type of ideal work-family balance was different by education level, but not by gender. Low level of education was associated with choice of the full time work without a child. Male singles, compared to female singles, preferred the role of a man as a bread winner, and a woman as a house worker. Female singles had the higher level of hope for husband's capability of caring children. This trend was intensified by choice of the full time work with 2 children. Singles who prefer working as a full time worker with 2 children worried more about low birth rate in Korea than singles who prefer working as a part time worker with one or two children. The most frequently cited reason for low birth rate was 'high cost of both child care and education'. The next was 'difficulty in buying a residence, followed by 'increase in the number of career woman'. Female singles who want to work full time with 2 or more children worried more about the burden of child caring and education than male singles. Implications and suggestions were provided based on the results.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.154-158
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: 'Shiranuhi' mandarin is a major cultivar among all late ripening type of citrus, and is widely cultivated in Korea. However, many farmers have reported scion root problems in their orchard resulting in reduced flowering and fruiting. It is necessary that the physiology of scion-rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin trees is further understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: This experiment was conducted to understand the growth response and physiology of scion-rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin hybrids. In our study, 'Shiranuhi' mandarin trees were divided into two groups: trees without scion roots (control) and trees with scion roots. The experiment was conducted in Seogwipo of Jeju, with ten replicates for each group. Growth of trees with scion roots was more vigorous and the trees were taller than the controls. Tree height and trunk diameter of scion-rooted trees were significantly higher than those of control trees. Exposed length of rootstocks of scion-rooted trees was significantly lower (by about 2 cm) than that of control trees (8.6 cm). In terms of root nutrition, carbon contents of scion-rooted trees was significantly lower than that of control trees, but nitrogen and potassium concentrations in scion roots were significantly higher than those in control roots. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we infer that growth of scion-rooted trees was very vigorous and the content of nitrogen in these roots was higher than that in the control tree roots. Thus, the carbon/nitrogen ratio of scion roots was significantly lower than that of the control roots.