• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.284-295
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• 2015

Records regarding beef cuisine and its tenderization were identified in 38 publications. Old cookbooks, agricultural texts, and Joseon's encyclopedias addressed the subject 411 times. The beef recipe was as follows: cutting 184 times, seasoning 112 times, moist heat cooking 196 times, dry heat cooking 129 times, and drying off 33 times. Recipe also used main ingredients 194 times, sub ingredients 203 times, garnish eight times, and stock six times. Regarding seasoning and flavoring materials, there were a total of 41 types of spices, tenderizers, and others written 839 times. There are two main types of tenderizing beef: physical and chemical methods. A total of 18 types of natural tenderizers were written 57 times in the recipe.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 1979

These experiments were made in order to compare the productivity of various varieties of F$_1$silkworm eggs imported from foreign sericultural countries with the productivity of some F$_1$silkworm eggs varieties produced by Turkey. The results are summarized as follows: 1. In the durations of whole instar, it lasted 30∼38 days under natural rearing conditions but Jam 107${\times}$Jam 105 about 30 days. 2. Cocoon yield per case of silkworm eggs was shown significantly among the varieties. Thaiei ${\times}$ Choan was the highest yield of cocoon, followed by Isonzo, Piave, M-198, M${\times}$N, S${\times}$P, J${\times}$C and Jam 107${\times}$Jam 108 in that order. 3. In the percentage of cocoon shell, M-197 was the highest and other varieties were almost on the same level of cocoon shell, but Jam 107${\times}$ Jam 108 was the lowest percentage. 4. In the weight of a cocoon, Choan${\times}$Thaiei was the heaviest, followed by S${\times}$P, C${\times}$J, M${\times}$N, M-197, Piave, Livenzo and Jam 107${\times}$Jam 108 in that order. 5. In the raw silk percentage of fresh cocoon, Choan${\times}$Thaiei, 3 Italian varieties and Turkish M${\times}$N. C${\times}$J belonged to the first group of better raw silk percentage, followed Polish M-197 and Jam 107${\times}$1am 108 in that order.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 1998

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of relative conductivity(RC) in the twenty-one deciduous broad-leaved species. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The RC ranged from $3.18{\times}10^{-15}$ to $1.23{\times}10^{-10}m^2$ in deciduous broad-leaved species, and appeared different values in various portions of a tree and species. 2. In eight diffuse-porous species, the ranges of average RC were $3.49{\times}10^{-13}$ to $6.35{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in stems. $4.89{\times}10^{-13}$ to $2.99{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in branches, and $1.33{\times}10^{-13}$ to $9.42{\times}10^{-12}m^2$ in junction part between stem and branch. In thirteen ring-porous species, the RCs were $7.14{\times}10^{-13}$ to $4.76{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in stems, $2.93{\times}10^{-13}$ to $3.91{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in branches, and $1.14{\times}10^{-13}$ to $9.20{\times}10^{-12}m^2$ in junction part. 3. The RC and diameter of stem have no interrelation in eight diffuse-porous species. The RC of stem increased with decreasing diameter of stem in eleven ring-porous species except Fraxinus mandshurica and Maackia amurensis. 4. In five deciduous broad-leaved species, the RC of 1-year-old shoots(the leader and adjacent laterals ) ranged from $4.87{\times}10^{-13}$ to $8.41{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in the leaders, and $7.93{\times}10^{-14}$ to $2.01{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in the adjacent laterals. The RCs were much greater in the leaders than in the adjacent laterals because of the hydraulic dominance of the leader shoot.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2014

Instructions for the commutative property of multiplication at elementary schools tend to be based on checking the equality between the quantities of 'a times b 'and b' times a, ' for example, $3{\times}4=12$ and $4{\times}3=12$. This article critically examined the approaches to teach the commutative property of multiplication from Kant's perspective of mathematical knowledge. According to Kant, mathematical knowledge is a priori. Yet, the numeric exploration by checking the equality between the amounts of 'a groups of b' and 'b groups of a' does not reflect the nature of apriority of mathematical knowledge. I suggest we teach the commutative property of multiplication in a way that it helps reveal the operational schema that is necessarily and generally involved in the transformation from the structure of 'a times b' to the structure of 'b times a.' Distributive reasoning is the mental operation that enables children to perform the structural transformation for the commutative property of multiplication by distributing a unit of one quantity across the other quantity. For example, 3 times 4 is transformed into 4 times 3 by distributing each unit of the quantity 3, which results in $3{\times}4=(1+1+1){\times}4=(1{\times}4)+(1{\times}4)+(1{\times}4)+(1{\times}4)=4+4+4=4{\times}3$. It is argued that the distributive reasoning is also critical in learning the subsequent mathematics concepts, such as (a whole number)${\times}10$ or 100 and fraction concept and fraction multiplication.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.378-384
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• 2015

In conventional HEVC inverse core transform architectures, extra $n{\times}n$ inverse transform block is added to $2n{\times}2n$ inverse transform block, and it operates as one $2n{\times}2n$ inverse transform block or two $n{\times}n$ inverse transform blocks. Thus, same number of pixels are processed in the same time, but it suffers from increased hardware size due to extra $n{\times}n$ inverse transform block. To avoid this problem, a novel $8{\times}8$ HEVC inverse core transform architecture was proposed to eliminate extra $4{\times}4$ inverse transform block based on multiplier reuse. This paper extends this approach and proposes a novel HEVC $16{\times}16$ inverse core transform architecture. Its frame processing time is same in $4{\times}4$, $8{\times}8$, and $16{\times}16$ inverse core transforms, and reduces gate counts by 13%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2002

This study was investigated to find out the optimum planting densities of Scutellaria baicalensis George about growth characters, yield components and yield at 3 planting densities by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Stem length was long in dense planting of 20$\times$l0cm and short in spacious planting of 30$\times$l0cm and 40$\times$10cm by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Stem diameter was thick in spacious planting of 30$\times$10cm and 40$\times$10cm and was thin in dense planting of 20$\times$10cm by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Length and dry weight of root per plant were decreased in dense planting of 20$\times$ 10cm and were increased in spacious planting of 30$\times$10cm and 40$\times$10cm by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Yield of dry root was highest in optimum planting density(30$\times$10cm：33 plants/㎡) by direct sowing cultivated after barley. The correlation coefficient between number of planting plant and stem length showed highly positive correlation. These characters of stem diameter, number of branches, main root length and yield of dry root mentioned above showed negative correlations with planting plants.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.915-923
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• 2002

Recently, GIS(Geographic Information System) is used to extract various hydrological factors from DEM(Digital Elevation Model) in river basin. Therefore, this study aims at the determination of river fractal dimension using DEM. In this paper, the main-stream length in river basin was grid-analyzed for each scale(1/5,000, 1/25,000, 1/50,000) and each cell size(5m$\times$5m, l0m$\times$l0m, 20m$\times$20m, 30m$\times$30m, 40m$\times$40m, 50m$\times$50m, 60m$\times$60m, 70m$\times$70m, 80m$\times$80m, 90m$\times$90m, 100m$\times$l00m, 120m$\times$120m, 150m$\times$150m) using GIS. Also, fractal dimension was derived by analyzing correlation among main-stream lengths, scale, and cell size which were calculated here. The result of calculating fractal dimension for each cell size shows that the fractal dimension on the main-stream length is 1.028.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.295-300
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• 1987

This experiment was carried out to review the chemical composition and microbiological aspects of seasonal raw milk collected from the dairy plants in Kangwon, Kyunggi, Seoul, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeorbuk, Jeonnam, Kyungbuk and Kyungnam of Korea. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The average composition of raw milk produced during spring season in each area showed moisture 88.00%, protein 3.49%, fat 3.43%, lactose 4.37%, and ash 0.75% but in summer it showed moisture 88.30%. protein 3.28%, fat 3.32%, lactose 4.26%, and ash 0.70%. 2. The microbiological aspects of raw milk in spring season showed viable bacteria counts $3.7{\times}10^6$, coliforms $2.2{\times}10^5$, thermoduric bacteria $1.4{\times}10^5$, thermophiles $1.4{\times}10^5$, psyclrotrophic bacteria $8.2{\times}10^5$, mould and yeast $1.9{\times}10^4$ per milliliter but in summer it showed viable bactteria counts $3.7{\times}10^6$, coliforms $2.3{\times}10^5$, thermoduric bacteria $2.3{\times}10^5$, thermophiles $7.5{\times}10$, psychrotrophic bacteria $5.0{\times}10^5$, mould and yeast $1.3{\times}10^4$ per milliliter.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.43-48
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• 2001

This study was investigated to find out the optimum planting densities of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGE about growth characters, yield components and yield at 3 planting densities by direct sowing cultivated after barley Stem length was long In dense planting of 20$\times$10cm and short in spacious planting of 30$\times$10cm and 40$\times$10cm by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Stem diameter was thick in spacious planting of 30$\times$10cm and 40$\times$10cm and was thin in dense planting of 20$\times$cm by direct sewing cultivated after barley. Length and dry weight of root per plant were decreased in dense planting of 20$\times$10cm and were increased in spacious planting of 30$\times$10cm and 40$\times$10cm by direct sowing cultivated after barley. Yield of dry root was highest in optimum planting density(30$\times$10cm:33 plants/$m^2$) by direct sowing cultivated after barley. The correlation coefficient between number of planting plant and stem length showed highly positive correlation. These characters of stem diameter, number of branches, main root length and yield of dry root mentioned above showed negative correlations with planting plants.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.815-829
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a new $4{\times}4$ intra coding method by unidirectional prediction for improvement of intra-frame coding efficiency of H.264/AVC. There are $4{\times}4$, $8{\times}8$, and $16{\times}16$ intra prediction modes in the current H.264/AVC. For the $4{\times}4$ intra prediction, coding efficiency is achieved by accurate prediction with small block size in relatively complicated regions, and the $16{\times}16$ intra prediction method can predict more accurately compared to $4{\times}4$ intra prediction with only one directional information in relatively homogeneous regions. We propose a unidirectional $4{\times}4$ intra prediction method adopting a small-size prediction and one directional prediction approaches. In order to improve coding efficiency, the proposed method is conducted by $4{\times}4$ block and their prediction directions are all the same, resulting that we need to send only one directional information for each macroblock. For intra-frame coding setting, we achieve 10.47% and 1.57% coding efficiency in BD-bitrate for only $16{\times}16$ intra mode and $4{\times}4$, $16{\times}16$ intra mode, respectively.