• 한국사회복지학
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.147-174
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• 2007

본 연구는 내부노동시장 및 외부노동시장과 분절된 근로빈곤노동시장의 경로제약성이 취업과 취업의 질에 누적적인 영향을 미쳐, 장기간 근로빈곤노동시장에 머물게 함으로써 근로빈곤탈출을 저해하는 악순환의 고리가 되는지 분석하였다. 자료는 한국노동패널 $3{\sim}7$차이고, 분석방법은 Markov 이행확률과 이산시간분석을 활용하였다. 분석결과 우리나라 노동시장은 내부노동시장과 외부노동시장 그리고 근로빈곤노동시장의 삼중 구조로 이루어져 있었다. 근로빈곤유형은 최근으로 올수록 취업빈곤층은 계속 감소하는 반면, 비경활 빈곤층은 점점 증가하여 근로빈곤층의 주된 유형이 되었다. 근본적으로 빈곤층에 대한 노동수요가 부족하며, 빈곤층의 취업자체를 저해하는 노동시장의 구조적 장벽이 존재함을 볼 수 있다. 회귀분석에서는 근로빈곤노동시장 참여기간이 길어질수록 근로빈곤 이탈률이 감소하였다. 이는 한번 근로빈곤노동시장에 편입되면 그 굴레를 벗어나지 못하고 근로빈곤노동시장 내에서 폐쇄적으로 이동하여, 다시 빈곤으로 연결되는 악순환을 보여주는 것이다. 따라서 적절한 근로조건을 보장하는 노동수요 활성화정책과, 근본적인 노동시장구조 개혁 및 빈곤층 노동에 대한 부정적 사회인식과 차별완화 정책이 필요하다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.61-87
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 생활시간조사와 한국노동패널의 두 자료를 결합함으로써 계급과 성별이 교차하는 지점에서 나타나는 시간사용의 실태를 분석하였다. 재량시간(discretionary time)으로 지수화하여 개인의 삶의 질을 측정하였고, 이 과정에서 발견되는 빈곤 여성의 삶의 질을 심층적으로 분석하였다. 더불어 타일지수(Theil-index) 분해를 통해 빈곤여성이 경험하는 삶의 질을 비빈곤여성, 빈곤남성, 그리고 비빈곤 남성과 비교함으로써 재량시간 불평등의 양상을 파악하였다. 분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 삶의 질 측면에서 여성이 경험하는 빈곤수준은 남성보다 높고, 이러한 결과는 빈곤 여성에게서 가장 명확했다. 또한 재량권을 통한 삶의 질을 분석하는 과정에서 빈곤여성보다 오히려 빈곤하지 않은 여성가구주의 박탈 문제가 부각되었다. 둘째, 타일지수 분해를 통해 재량시간의 불평등을 분석한 결과, 빈곤층에게서 재량시간 불평등을 설명하는 성별 불평등의 영향력이 비빈곤층보다 3배 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 빈곤여성이 소득 빈곤뿐만 아니라, 성별 불평등으로 인해 삶의 질적인 측면에서도 빈곤을 경험하는, 즉 2차 빈곤(secondary poverty)을 경험하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 소득빈곤에 시간을 통합함으로써 본 연구는 빈곤층 내부의 성별 격차, 여성 내부의 계급 간 격차를 실증적으로 입증할 수 있었다. 그리고 이 과정에서 지금까지 여성빈곤 연구에서 담론의 수준에 그쳤던 여성의 2차 빈곤과 숨겨진 빈곤의 객관적인 결과들이 실증적으로 제시되었다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify the current status of the working poor and the factors that are influential to the working poor among echo boomers. This study is a secondary analysis using the data from the 7th analysis of the 2012 Korea Welfare Panel Survey, conducted by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. This analysis considered Korean echo boomers born between 1979 and 1985. In our final analysis, we used 1,226 echo boomers who had the ability to work. For the analysis, the SAS/PC statistical program ver. 9.3 was utilized. The research findings are as follows; Firstly, of the working poor among the echo boomers, only 22% were in the state of poverty. Secondly, more echo boomers living in a metropolitan city, city, gun/urban-rural area and district than those in the Seoul were categorized as among the working poor; the same was true for those who lived in a free house than in a leased room or a room that was rented by the month. Thirdly, more echo boomers whose education level was high school graduate or less rather than college graduate or less or university graduate or more were categorized as among the working poor; this was also true for echo boomers whose employment type was temporary employment, self-employment, or unemployment rather than a full-time job.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.514-524
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between working poverty and health status among Korean workers. Methods: This study is secondary analysis of data extracted from the 2018 Community Health Survey. For the present analysis, 23,575 of the working poor whose household disposable income is below 50.0% of the national median and 111,443 of the working nonpoor were selected. Based on existing literature, a set of variables were chosen from the Community Health Survey. Health status was measured using self-rated health status measure, Patient health Questionnire-9, and EuroQol-5dimension. Results: The proportion of subjective unhealthy status, depressive symptoms, and poor quality of life were significantly higher among the working poor than among the working nonpoor. After adjusting for general characteristics and health behavior factors, the working poverty was a significant predictor of subjective unhealthy status (AOR=1.32, 95% CI=1.25~1.40), depressive symptoms (AOR=1.61, 95% CI=1.38~1.88]), and poor quality of life (β=-0.02, p<.001). Conclusion: The current study confirmed the health disparities between the working poor and the working nonpoor. Therefore, health care programs and policies are required for reducing the health inequalities among the workers.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.468-474
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• 2006

In the secondary settling tanks, three different types of settling phenomena occurs; i.e., zone settling for sludge thickening in the bottom part of settling tank, and discrete and flocculent settling for clarification in the upper part. In this paper, morphological parameters of the floc in sludge blanket layers along the length of a long rectangular tank were investigated. The plant used for this study had a serious bulking problem caused by Microthrix parvicella. Floc size decreased as the surface area of settling tank increases, which indicates that in the secondary settling tank where zone settling believed to be predominant, free or flocculent type of settling contributes to floc size distributions. Large floc particles deposit in the front zone of settling tank, but small and loose flocs mostly in the zone near its outlet. On the other hand, filament length contained in one gram of sludge blanket solid increases along the flow direction. Large flocs with less filaments settle faster, but small flocs having more filaments result in poor settling. These results support function of microorganism selection occurring in secondary settling tank. In addition, designing a long rectangluar settling tank with double hoppers might be one of the ways of bulking control, but this idea has to be verified with a further study.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2022

While the rising epidemic of obesity is primarily attributed to a sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, and the aging of the population, secondary causes of obesity generally go undetected and untreated. These include endocrinological disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic obesity, hypogonadism, and hypothyroidism, as well as genetic, syndromic, and drug-related obesity. We present an overview of the major disorders associated with obesity, highlighting the pathophysiologic mechanisms and discussing the diagnostic and treatment strategies that are most helpful to practicing physicians in recognizing and treating these generally under-detected and undertreated disorders.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.39-58
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors determining the participation of the poor elderly in economic activity. This study analyzed secondary data of the second wave of Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors that are associated with the economic activity of the poor elderly. The results of the analyses showed that age, gender, region, public assistance, education, health status, chronic illness, contacts with acquaintances, and support from children were associated with participation in economic activity. The study's findings have several implications for policies and services. The study identified the need for an age- and gender-specific approach to promoting participation in economic activity among the poor elderly. Regional differences should also be considered in the creation of work opportunities for older adults. In terms of human capital, the positive effect of good health indicates that strategies are needed to address the needs of older adults with health issues. In addition, there is a need for more jobs for elderly job seekers with high levels of education. Finally, policy makers and practitioners should explore interventions for enhancing the social network involvement and community support for the elderly living in poverty.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.440-449
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the moderate effect of social support on the relationship between death anxiety and depressive symptoms among poor older women in rural areas. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the data from 209 women who were participated in the intervention study to evaluate the effectiveness of depression prevention program. Data were collected between April and September 2012. The data were analyzed using moderate multiple regressions. Results: Among these poor older women, depressive symptoms were associated with death anxiety and social support. Self-esteem support had a moderating effect on the relationship between death anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The results indicate that the self-esteem support was effective in decreasing depressive symptoms and death anxiety in poor older women. In order to reduce their depression and make positive changes in their lives, self-esteem improvement programs are needed.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.619-625
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• 2021

Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe) based thin-film solar cells have attracted growing attention because of their earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. However, because of their large open-circuit voltage (V_oc)-deficit, CZTSSe solar cells exhibit poor device performance compared to well-established Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ (CIGS) and CdTe based solar cells. One of the main causes of this large V_oc-deficit is poor absorber properties for example, high band tailing properties, defects, secondary phases, carrier recombination, etc. In particular, the fabrication of absorbers using physical methods results in poor surface morphology, such as pin-holes and voids. To overcome this problem and form large and homogeneous CZTSSe grains, CZTSSe based absorber layers are prepared by a sputtering technique with different RTA conditions. The temperature is varied from 510 ℃ to 540 ℃ during the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. Further, CZTSSe thin films are examined with X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, IPCE, Energy dispersive spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy techniques. The present work shows that Cu-based secondary phase formation can be suppressed in the CZTSSe absorber layer at an optimum RTA condition.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.36-53
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• 2015

The rise of latecomer countries across the world directs academic attention to their catching-up and innovation processof seizing technological opportunities and combining internal and external knowledge. Different from the developed economies as well as the newly industrialized economies, China presents a special innovation environment, wherein its technology regime, market opportunities, and institutions are complex and the globalization trend affects competition in a broader way. In thiscontext, we clarify and extend the framework of "secondary innovation". This framework describes the dynamics of those with relatively poor resources and capabilities in their efforts to capture the values of mature/emerging technology or business models by acquiringthem from across borders and then adapting to catching-up contexts. Such processes, differentiated from original innovation that involves the whole process from R&D to commercialization, has become a prevailing regime during paradigm shifts. In particular, unlike the traditional catch-up literature that focuses more on technology, the secondary innovation framework inclusively contains both technology and business model innovation, and puts forward the co-evolution between the two elements, which is more applicable to China's context. In accordance, we also provide implications towards fulfilling the goal of building an innovation-driven nation.