• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

Background: TNF-$\alpha$ plays a major role in producing left ventricular dysfunction cardio-myopathy pulmonary edema and inhibits the compensatory mechanism of congestive heart failure. IL-6 is an acute reactant of immune reaction and also known to control immune reaction but its function in the myocyte was not clearly investigated. Author's performed this experiment to investigate the contents of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 on the assumption that TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 may reside in nonfailing heart that has gone cardiac surgery and play some role in cardiac function. Material and Method : Right auricular tissues were sampled from 12 patients who had undergone total corrective surgery for both congenital and acquired heart diseases from January 1998 to June 1998 in Kosin Universcfy Gospel hospital. The quantitive analysis of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 were assessed by ELISA method in right auricular tissue. Hemodynamic values about the pressure of ventricle atrium aorta pulmonary artery and cardiac index pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output were measured by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization and biochemical analyses of LDH & AST were done before operation. statistical analysis was by Paired Student t-test. Patients were divided into children(under 15 years olds) and adults groups and the data was compared beween two groups. Conclusion: Mild pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular resistance were existed in both group. The contents of tissue TNF-$\alpha$ IL-6 in each group were independent of each data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.170-172
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• 2013

To be applied to a humid environment such as bathroom and kitchen, sealant should have good adhesion, tensile strength, etc., it also have the resistance to fungal contamination from the environment. It is important to select right material for sanitary sealing application in order to prevent premature discoloration and fungal activities. Especially for high humidity conditions, it is crucial to have longer mildew and fungal resistance. In this article, we intended to give guide lines for developing right sanitary sealing material and practical test method for evaluating anti-fungal performances reflecting Korean residential life style.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1146-1153
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• 2016

The bioelectrical impedance (BI) at the inner forearms was measured using bioelectrical impedance measurement system (BIMS), which employs the multi-frequency and the two-electrode method. Experiments were performed as follows. First, while applying a constant alternating current of 800A to the inner region of the forearms, BI (Z) was measured at nineteen frequencies ranging from 5 to 500 kHz. The prediction marker (PM) was calculated for right and left forearm. The resistance (R) and the reactance (X_c) were simultaneously measured during impedance measurement. Second, a Cole-Cole plot (relationship between reactance and resistance) was obtained for left and right forearm, indicating the different characteristic frequencies (f_c). Third, the phase angle was obtained, indicating strong dependence on the applied frequency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.117-123
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• 2002

Measurement of ground resistance is the basic and important procedure to evaluate the proriety of grounding systems performance. In the field, however, it is not an easy task to measure ground resistance accurately, because locating a right position of zero potential for accurate GPR(Ground Potential Rise) measurement is very difficult, especially in case of a grounding electrode with large dimension. In this paper, the estimation method of ground resistance by analysing earth surface potential distribution around the grounding electrodes has been described.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.286-297
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of myofascial pain syndrome on shoulder pain, range of motion, and body composition around the shoulder in middle-aged women. Methods: A total of 72 women participated in the randomized controlled trial. The subjects were grouped into an experimental group (n=39) and a control group (n=33). The experimental group received a resistance exercise program using an elastic band for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. The control group followed a normal daily for 8 weeks. Measurements were conducted three times; before the experimental treatment (pre-test), the 2nd and 8th weeks after treatment. Results: Regarding the general characteristics and homogeneity of the dependent variables, there were no significant differences between the two groups, except for the thickness of the left and right muscles and the left fat. After treatment, shoulder pain was significantly different between the two groups (F=18.54, p<.001) and the range of shoulder motion was significantly different (left, F=86.70, p<.001; right, F=98.66, p<.001). Furthermore, there were a significant differences in the thickness of muscles between the two groups (left, F=40.20, p<.001; right, F=29.57, p<.001); however, the thickness of fat was not significantly different. Conclusion: The resistance exercise program reduces shoulder pain and improves the range of motion of the shoulder joint and increases muscle mass on around the shoulder. It suggests to conduct a study to confirm the long-term exercise effect.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Bioelectrical impedance (BI) at popliteal regions was measured using a bioelectrical impedance measurement system (BIMS), which employs the multi-frequency and the two-electrode method. Experiments were performed as follows. First, a constant AC current of $800{\mu}A$ was applied to the popliteal regions (left and right) and the BI was measured at eight different frequencies from 10 to 500 kHz. When the applied frequency greater than 50 kHz was applied to human's popliteal regions, the BI was decreased significantly. Logarithmic plot of impedance vs. frequency indicated two different mechanisms in the impedance phenomena before and after 50 kHz. Second, the relationship between resistance and reactance was obtained with respect to the applied frequency using BI (resistance and reactance) acquired from the popliteal regions. The phase angle (PA) was found to be strongly dependent on frequency. At 50 kHz, the PA at the right popliteal region was $7.8^{\circ}$ slightly larger than $7.6^{\circ}$ at the left popliteal region. Third, BI values of extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) were calculated using BIMS. At 10 kHz, the BI values of ECF at the left and right popliteal regions were $1664.14{\Omega}$ and $1614.08{\Omega}$, respectively. The BI values of ECF and ICF decreased sharply in the frequency range of 10 to 50 kHz, and gradually decreased up to 500 kHz. Logarithmic plot of BI vs. frequency shows that the BI of ICF decreased noticeably at high frequency above 300 kHz because of a large decrease in the capacitance of the cell membrane.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.189-198
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between smoking attitudes and psychophysiological variables and to find out whether smoking cessation activities can be helpful for smoking cessation. We set up Negative Attitudes experience as a dependent variable. Several factors including Psychological Resistance, Psychological Distress and brainwave(Left brain ${\theta}$, Right Brain ${\theta}$) as a physiological indicator, which was expected to affect flow, were set up as independent variables to perform regression analysis. As a result, psychological resistance had negative influences on negative attitudes toward smoking in smoking simulation game and psychological distress had positive effect. And left brain ${\theta}$ had negative influences on negative attitudes toward smoking in smoking simulation game and right brain ${\theta}$ had positive effect.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.16-21
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• 2007

In this paper, the dual-band voltage-controled oscillator (VCO) using the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) and the tunable negative resistance based on the fin diode is presented. It is demonstrated that the CRLH TL can lead to metamaterial transmission line with the dual-band tuning capability. The dual-band operation of the CRLH TL is achieved by the frequency offset and the phase slope of the CRLH TL, and the frequency ratio of the two operating frequencies can be a non-integer. Each frequency band of VCO has to operate independently, so we have used the tunable negative resistance based on the pin diode. When the forward bias has been into the pin diode, the phase noise of VCO is $-108.34\sim-106.67$ dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz in the tuning range, $2.423\sim2.597$ GHz, whereas when the reverse bias has been fed into the pin diode, that of VCO is $-114.16\sim-113.33$ dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz in the tuning range, $5.137\sim5.354$ GHz.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.1778-1783
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• 2009

Ground impedance for the large grounding system is measured according to the IEEE Standard 81.2 which is based on the revised fall-of-potential method of installing auxiliary electrode at a right angle. When the auxiliary electrodes are located at an angle of $90^{\circ}$, the ground impedance inevitably includes the error due to earth mutual resistance. In this paper, in order to accurately measure the ground impedance of vertically-driven ground electrodes, error rates due to earth mutual resistance are evaluated by ground resistance and ground impedance measuring devices and compared with calculated values. As a result, the measured results are in good agreement with the computed results considering soil layer with different resistivity. The error rates due to earth mutual resistance decrease with increasing the length of ground electrode in the case that the ratio of the distance between the ground rod to be measured and the auxiliary electrodes to the length of ground electrode(D/L) is same. The ground impedance should be measured at the minimum distance between the auxiliary electrodes that will have an estimated measurement accuracy due to earth mutual resistance.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.383-399
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• 2021

In the study, three 1:3-scale unequal span steel-concrete composite substructures with top-seat angle and double web angle connection were designed and identified as specimens GTSDWA-0.6, GTSDWA-1.0, and GTSDWA-1.4. Pseudo-static tests and refined numerical model analysis were conducted to examine the anti-progressive collapse performance of a semi-rigid steel-concrete composite substructure. The results indicated that the failure modes of the three specimens revealed that the fracture occurred in the root of the long leg of the top/seat angle in tension at the connection. With increases in the span ratio of the left and right composite beams, the bearing capacities of the composite substructures decreased, and the corresponding displacement increased. With respect to GTSDWA-0.6 and GTSDWA-1.4, the resistance due to the short composite beam corresponded to 62% and 60%, respectively, and the total resistance provided by the short composite beam exceeded that of the long composite beam. With respect to GTSDWA-1.0, the resistance due to the left and right composite beams was similar. All three specimens underwent the flexure mechanism and flexure-axial mixed mechanism stages. They resisted the external load mainly via the flexure mechanism. Moreover, the addition of stiffeners on both sides of the top and seat angles is advantageous in terms of improving the collapse resistance and ductility of unequal span composite substructures.