• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.1006-1012
• /
• 2023

In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium propionate (SP) treatment on intracellular mechanism of murine macrophages and its contribution to host immunity during Brucella abortus 544 infection. The intracellular growth assay revealed that SP inhibited Brucella replication inside the macrophages. To determine intracellular signaling involved during SP treatment after Brucella infection, we analyzed the change of five different cytokines production relevant to SP such as TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the results indicated that the boost with IL-10 was apparent throughout the culture period for 48 h as well as IL-1β which was apparent at 24 h post-infection and IFN-γ which was apparent at 24 h and 48 h in comparison to SP untreated groups. On the other way, SP-treated cells displayed suppressed production of TNF-α and IL-6 at all time points tested and 48 h post-infection, respectively. Furthermore, we conducted western blot to establish a cellular mechanism, and the result suggested that SP treatment attenuated p50 phosphorylation, part of the NF-κB pathway. These findings indicated that the inhibitory effect of SP against Brucella infection could be attributed through induction of cytokine production and interference on intracellular pathway, suggesting SP as a potential candidate for treating brucellosis.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.30-42
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide basic materials and assistance for developing a nutritional education program targeting marriage immigrant women, and it was carried out on 86 female marriage immigrants living in the Gyeongbuk region. An average age of the female marriage immigrants who participated in this survey were 28.6 years, and their home countries were the Philippines (32.6%), Vietnam (29.1%), and so on. Exactly 59.3% of subjects had been married for 1~5 years, and 40.7% of the subjects had an education status of less than middle school graduation. The majority of them (65.1%) had one more children, and 51.2% of subjects were a part of a nuclear-family, with the husband's age between 40~49 years old (58.1%). Concern for nutrition label was significantly different according to number of children (P<0.01), period of marriage (P<0.001), and education level (P<0.05). It was demonstrated that a higher level of education was associated with a higher need to learn about nutritional information. Understanding nutritional facts and knowledge was significantly higher among the women with two children than no child (P<0.05), period of marriage >10 years than <1 year (P<0.01), and education level of college & university graduation than less than middle school (P<0.05). Sixty percent of the women surveyed participated in the education program of 'Korean language' as they were in their country, and the most preferred education program was 'Korean dietary life and culture' (39.5%). Regarding participation and educational method, the majority of subjects responded that they wanted to learn nutritional education in a cooking academy or school (52.9%) and public health center (34.1%).

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제60권3호
• /
• pp.355-365
• /
• 2015

Environment-friendly growth enhancers for rice are being promoted to reverse the negative impact of intensive chemical-based and conventional rice farming on yield sustainability and environmental problems. Several rhizosphere microorganisms and pyroligneous acids (PA) had demonstrated beneficial influence on growth, yield and grain quality of rice. Since most of the previous study had evaluated the effect of PGPR and PA on paddy rice singly, the effect of combined application of these on the growth and yield of paddy rice and on some soil chemical properties were determined. A four factorial pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of PGPR, PA in combination with fertilizers and on different soil types. There were 54 treatment combinations including the control with three replications under complete randomized design. Plant growth parameters were evaluated using standard procedures during tillering and heading stages. Rice yield and some soil chemical properties were determined at harvest. Results showed that inoculation of Bacillus licheniformis and Fusarium fujikuroi enhanced plant growth by increasing the plant height which could be ascribe to its ability to promote IAA and GA production in plants. Inoculation of Rhizobium phaseoli enhanced chlorophyll content indicative to its ability to improve the N nutrition. However, these plant growth benefits during the vegetative stage were override by the fertilizer application effect especially during the maturity stage and grain yield. High fertilization rates on coarse-textured soil without nutrient loss resulted to high available nutrients and consequently high yield. Wood vinegar application however improved nutrient availability in soil which could be beneficial for improving soil quality. Further evaluation is necessary to fully assess the potential benefits that could be derived from inoculation of these organisms and wood vinegar application in different soil environment especially under different field conditions.

• 경영정보학연구
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.179-194
• /
• 2008

기업이 계속 존속하기 위해서는 조직구성원들이 가진 지식을 공유할 수 있는 다양한 방법을 모색해야 할 것이다. 그러나 조직 내의 개인들이 가치 있는 지식을 공유하도록 동기부여하는 최선의 이슈는 아직 완전히 해결되지 않고 있다. 이 연구는 지식경영시스템에서 조직구성원들이 지식을 공유하는데 영향을 미치는 요인들을 파악하기 위해 수정기술수용모형에 외부변수로 조직문화와 시스템품질을 추가한 구조방정식모형을 연구모형으로 제시하고 검정하였다. 연구결과, 본 연구에서 제시한 수정기술수용모형은 적용가능성이 입증되었고, 경영층 지원, 보상시스템 및 조직분위기 등으로 측정한 조직문화는 지각된 유용성에 직접적으로 영향을 미치고, 또한 기술요인으로 제시한 시스템품질은 이용편리성에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조직은화와 시스템품질은 지각된 유용성과 태도를 통해 지식공유의도에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이 분석결과를 바탕으로 토의와 함의를 제시하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.999-1005
• /
• 2015

Bacillus-based feed additive was evaluated for its efficacy on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal gas emission, and the consumption of time and amount of water for cleaning the pen of growing finishing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs ($23.59{\pm}1.41kg$) were used in a 16-wk feeding trial. Pigs were randomly distributed into 1 of 2 treatments on the basis of body weight and sex. There were 12 replicate pens per treatment, with 5 pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. Dietary treatments were CON which was basal diet, and T1 which was CON+62.5 ppm microbial feed additive that provided $1.47{\times}10^8cfu$ of Bacillus organisms per gram of supplement. During the weeks 0 to 6, average daily gain (ADG) in T1 treatment was higher (p<0.05) than CON, but no improvement in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G:F) was noted. During 6 to 16 weeks, no difference (p>0.05) was noted in growth performance. However, ADG was improved (p<0.05) and overall ADFI tended (p = 0.06) to improve in T1 compared with CON. At week 6, the co-efficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of dry matter (DM) nitrogen (N) was increased (p<0.05) in T1 compared with CON. Fecal $NH_3$ emission was decreased (p<0.05) in T1 compared with CON, at the end of 6th and 15th weeks. The time and water consumed for washing the pens were decreased (p<0.05) in T1 compared with CON. In conclusion, supplementation with Bacillus-based feed additive could improve the overall growth performances, increase the CATTD of DM and decrease the fecal $NH_3$ content and the time and water consumed in washing the pens for growing-finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to determine the protein content, cell wall fractions, and mineral concentrations of some minor plant species collected for one year in pastures grazed by goats in the Philippines. An assessment of nutrient variability and a comparison of forage protein and mineral concentrations to the critical value of protein and minerals based on animal needs were also studied. The plant species were the following: grasses(Axonopus compressus, Eleusine indica, Rottboellia exaltata); legumes (Aeschynomene indica, Calopogonium muconoides, Desmodium tortousum); and herbs (Corchorus olitorius, Ipomea aquatica, Sida acuta, Synedrella nodiflora). The two seasons (dry and wet) were subdivided into Dry-1 (December to February, 132 mm total rainfall), Dry-2 (March to May, 25 mm total rainfall), Wet-1 (June to August, 1,138 mm total rainfall), and Wet-2 (September to November, 1,118 mm total rainfall). Results showed that significant differences were obtained on various nutrient fractions including those mineral concentrations across species. Across season, acid detergent lignin (ADL) had higher (p < 0.05) value at Dry-1. Legumes and herbs were higher in crude protein (CP) especially Sida acuta. Grasses showed the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) with the addition of Sida nodiflora (herb) for it contained high NDF. Aeschynomene indica contained the highest amount of ADL and the herbs (Ipomea aquatica and Sida acuta) had exceptionally high concentration of minerals. Coefficient variation of the various nutrient values ranged from 27.3 to 136.7%. Some forage minerals appeared to be deficient (sodium, phosphorus and copper) or excess (molybdenum) for the whole or part of the year. This study shows that some minor plant species could extend the range of concentration of some nutrients (i.e., CP and minerals) beyond that normally found in conventional pasture species.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.327-338
• /
• 2011

In order to promote and comprehend marriage immigrants' culture, it is essential to understand the life of their families in their counties. For this study, data by a Philippine CFO(Commission on Filipino Overseas) has been analyzed, and the study researcher has attended an educational program run by the PDOS(Pre-Departure Orientation Seminar). Also, in order to understand the immigrants' families in their country, interviews have been done with some of the CFO employees, people arranged to immigrate to Korea through marriage, and female immigrants who are married. First, Filipino females have a positive attitude toward marriage with a foreign male. Most immigrants are from the rural parts of their country, and their families tend to rely on their daughters more than their sons. Therefore, they decide to marry Korean males and immigrate in order to support their families. However many of them do not have enough information about Korea. Second, Philippine's family system is of bilateral kinship, and traditionally, men and women are treated equally. Therefore, Filipino females tend to be well-educated, outgoing, and vibrant. Thus, they can create an active role in married life for themselves and support their family members. Lastly, based on videos and class materials on the topic of domestic violence that are used in the pre-educational programs for females planning to immigrate to Korea, the content of the program is to be revised.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.30-45
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study is to examine how the factors influence each other by determining the appropriate measurement standard in fast food restaurants based on the evaluation of attributes, perceived pricing, value, satisfaction and intention of revisit, and present an effective marketing strategy for fast food restaurants based on the analytical results by patrons and market segmentations. The study surveyed 195 subjects and processed the result using SPSS for Win. V. 12.0. For statistical analysis, Frequency, Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, and Regression Analysis were put into operation. As a result of the Factor Analysis of the evaluation of attributes, 3 factors have been extracted. The results showed that restaurant attribution evaluation had a positive effect on the perceived value($R^2adj=0.357$, p=0.000), satisfaction($R^2adj=0.346$, p=0.000) and intent of revisiting($R^2adj=0.389$, p=0.000); perceived pricing had a positive affect on the perceived value($R^2adj=0.464$, p=0.000), satisfaction($R^2adj=0.113$, p=0.000) and intention of revisit($R^2adj=0.276$, p=0.000); perceived value had a positive affect on satis-faction($R^2adj=0.327$, p=0.000) and intention of revisit($R^2adj=0.515$, p=0.000); and satisfaction had a positive affect on intention of revisit($R^2adj=0.442$, p=0.000).

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.405-418
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to suggest an educational direction to aid in formulating a dietary life that is suited to Korea's multicultural families. This was achieved by analyzing the dietary life of immigrant women from multicultural families in Daegu. The study was carried out with 94 immigrant women form multicultural families who were served by public health center A (20 women), public health center B (47 women) and public health center C (27 women). Their home countries were China (55.3%), Vietnam (37.2%), Philippines (3.2%), Japan (2.1%), Uzbekistan (1.1%) and Thailand (1.1%). When the scores of their dietary balance were compared on the basis of the time they have been in Korea (Less than 1 year, 1~3 years, more than 3 years), we found that the score of immigrant women who stayed for less than 1 year was higher than those who stayed for more than 3 years (p<0.05) in terms of their intake of meats, fishes, potato, calcium, and carbohydrate. When subjects were asked about Korean food they wanted to learn how to cook, 30 different types of food were selected and 95.5% of the respondents wanted to learn in detail how to cook Korean food. The place most suitable for them to learn cooking was college (30.3%), while the house of their husband (2.2%) was lowest. Therefore, it seems that a college, public health center or welfare center are good places for immigrant women from multicultural families to participate in an education program that is designed to teach them how to cook Korean food.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.156-171
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The development of vaccines that confer protection against multiple avian influenza A (AIA) virus strains is necessary to prevent the emergence of highly infectious strains that may result in more severe outbreaks. Thus, this study applied reverse vaccinology approach in strategically constructing messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine construct against avian influenza A (mVAIA) to induce cross-protection while targeting diverse AIA virulence factors. Materials and Methods: Immunoinformatics tools and databases were utilized to identify conserved experimentally validated AIA epitopes. CD8⁺ epitopes were docked with dominant chicken major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) to evaluate complex formation. Conserved epitopes were adjoined in the optimized mVAIA sequence for efficient expression in Gallus gallus. Signal sequence for targeted secretory expression was included. Physicochemical properties, antigenicity, toxicity, and potential cross-reactivity were assessed. The tertiary structure of its protein sequence was modeled and validated in silico to investigate the accessibility of adjoined B-cell epitope. Potential immune responses were also simulated in C-ImmSim. Results: Eighteen experimentally validated epitopes were found conserved (Shannon index <2.0) in the study. These include one B-cell (SLLTEVETPIRNEWGCR) and 17 CD8⁺ epitopes, adjoined in a single mRNA construct. The CD8⁺ epitopes docked favorably with MHC peptidebinding groove, which were further supported by the acceptable ∆G_bind (-28.45 to -40.59 kJ/mol) and Kd (<1.00) values. The incorporated Sec/SPI (secretory/signal peptidase I) cleavage site was also recognized with a high probability (0.964814). Adjoined B-cell epitope was found within the disordered and accessible regions of the vaccine. Immune simulation results projected cytokine production, lymphocyte activation, and memory cell generation after the 1st dose of mVAIA. Conclusion: Results suggest that mVAIA possesses stability, safety, and immunogenicity. In vitro and in vivo confirmation in subsequent studies are anticipated.