• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.1154-1159
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• 2018

Precise prediction of the radiation interaction position in scintillators plays an important role in medical and industrial imaging systems. In this research, the incident position of the gamma rays was predicted precisely in a plastic rod scintillator by using attenuation technique and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network, for the first time. Also, this procedure was performed using nonlinear regression (NLR) method. The experimental setup is comprised of a plastic rod scintillator (BC400) coupled with two PMTs at two sides, a $^{60}Co$ gamma source and two counters that record count rates. Using two proposed techniques (ANN and NLR), the radiation interaction position was predicted in a plastic rod scintillator with a mean relative error percentage less than 4.6% and 14.6%, respectively. The mean absolute error was measured less than 2.5 and 5.5. The correlation coefficient was calculated 0.998 and 0.984, respectively. Also, the ANN technique was confirmed by leave-one-out (LOO) method with 1% error. These results presented the superiority of the ANN method in comparison with NLR and the other methods. The technique and set up used are simpler and faster than other the previous position sensitive detectors. Thus, the time, cost and shielding and electronics requirements are minimized and optimized.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

Diverter is an essential element in gravimetric calibration method of flowmeter. Error of diverter are influenced by flow velocity profile of nozzle outlet, motion velocity of diverter and detecting location. That's why, time detection position of diverter is tuned through repetitive test for minimizing error of diverter. Further the diverter must be compared with the other institutions test since the influence on the accuracy of the flow meter used in the test. In this paper, errors (flow velocity profile of nozzle outlet, motion velocity of diverter and detecting location) of diverter are decreased by produced uni-direction diverter and error of gravimetric calibration system is decreased. Uni-direction diverter is calibrated by gravimetric calibration system with precision flowmeter, the flowmeter is calibrated by pipe prover and other institutions and uni-direction diverter is evaluated. Uni-direction diverter is not influenced by flow velocity profile of nozzle outlet, motion velocity of diverter and detecting location. As a result, Uni-direction diverter can calibrate in wider scope since increasing ratio of maximum and minimum flow rate of uni-direction diverter.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the most accurate technique measuring the apical pulse rate, using three counting duration 15, 30 and 60 seconds, and two methods start ‘0’ and start ‘1’. The instrument used in the study was the EKG monitor, stethoscope and stopwatch. Data was analyzed by utilizing SPSSWIN program. General characteristics of the subjects were analyzed by frequency, percentile, mean, SD. The subject of this research is made up of 46 children and 20 nurses. The children were infants, & under the age of 5. They were hospitalised in PICU & NICU in 2 tertiary hospitals in seoul from Jan. 1. 1998 to Sep. 10. 1998. The measurement of starting 1 & measurement of starting ‘0’ used the T-test to find out the measurement error. Apical pulse duration of 15, 30, 60 seconds were used to find out measurement error, the measurement error depend on experience of Nurse were analyzed by using ANOVA. The result of this study are as follows. 1. When comparing the starting poin of apical pulse 0&1, starting with 1 the measurement error is less, but not statiscally significant. 2. When counting the apical pulse by 15, 30,60 sec. ; 60 seconds counting duration was more accurate, but not statistically significant. 3. The mean of measure error ; Group under 100/min, is 10.33 ; from 100 re 119/min, is 8.30 ; from 120 to 139/min, is 4.76 ; from 140 to 159/min, is 6.09 ; above 160, is 17.83. The differences of these groups are statistically significant. When 60sec were counted, under 140/min the mean of measurement error is 3.4. Also when 30 seconds were counted from 140/min to 159/min the measurement error is 7.14, above 160/min the measurement error is 16.4. That measurement mean is the smallest than the other durations. During the 15 sec. count the measurement error was the largest of them all. 4. By the experience of the nurses, the apical pulse count measurement error was discovered. Under a year experience this measurement error was the largest(11.09), 1 year to under 3 years, the error is the smallest(4.86). 3 year to under 6 years the error is 8.33, 5 years above the error is 6.11 but this is not statistical significant. Under a year experience when counting 15, 30, 60 seconds the error is the largest. The group of the nurses from a year to under 3 years, the measurement error is the smallest of all the groups. The result of the study is to determine the technique measuring the apical pulse rate, Hargest (1974), starting point ‘0’ is not proved. When the pulse rate increases the 30 sec measurement rate is accurate. Under 140/min the 60 sec measurement rate is the most accurate. Depending on the nurses experiences, there is a variable difference to the apical pulse rate measurement. Especially new nurses training courses should enforce the children’s pulse rate count and the basic vital signs.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2014

In this paper we present an LDO based on an error amplifier. The designed error amplifier has a gain of 89.93dB at low frequencies. This amplifier's Bandwidth is 50.8MHz and its phase margin is $59.2^{\circ}C$. Also we proposed a BGR. This BGR has a low output variation with temperature and its PSRR at 1 KHz is -71.5dB. For a temperature variation from $-40^{\circ}C$ to $125^{\circ}C$ we have just 9.4mV variation in 3.3V LDO output. Also it is stable for a wide range of output load currents [0-200mA] and a $1{\mu}F$ output capacitor and its line regulation and especially load regulation is very small comparing other papers. The PSRR of proposed LDO is -61.16dB at 1 KHz. Also we designed it for several output voltages by using a ladder of resistors, transmission gates and a decoder. Low power consumption is the other superiority of this LDO which is just 1.55mW in full load. The circuit was designed in $0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS process.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1989.07a
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• pp.685-688
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• 1989

This paper presents two methods for reducing the position error of the robot hand. The first method change the parameters of the D-H transformation using real position error. The other one calibrates the joint angle by using the datas from the known teaching points. SCARA type robot is used for verifing the validity of the proposed methods.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1987.10b
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• pp.155-160
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• 1987

In this paper, the model reduction method of the linear time invariant continuous systems is proposed. The denominator of reduced order model is determined by the eigenvalue selected considering the error of the power series that exists between original system and reduced order system at each time moments. And the numerator of model is founded by the time moment matching method. The method suggested is compared with other various methods in examples.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.54-64
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• 1996

The inspection policy and inspection error are very critical factors which influence the outgoing quality. In other words, such factors influence the acceptance rate of the incoming matarials. Hence, the outgoing lot size is varied. This paper presents a method to compute the break-even point(pb1, pb2) under these two factors, which canbe used to determine the economic acceptance inspection type.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1988.07a
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• pp.186-189
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• 1988

In transmission of DPCM signals, it is desired to protect the more significant digits from more errors than the less significant digits. The SNR of DPCM is examined in the case that bit error rates of individual digits consisting of the information word are different each other. The examination shows a better DPCM coding.

• 전기의세계
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.734-746
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• 1981

This paper suggests on-load torque measurement for 3 phase induction motors by input -voltage and current utilizing symmetric coordinate analysis technique on the basis of the induction motor equivalent circuit. In this paper, two cases are treated with, i.e, one is the case where the motors' exciting current and primary leakage impedance voltage drop are compensated automatically, adopting the ideal wattmeter whose current coil impedance and voltage coil impedance are 0 and .inf. respectively, and the other is the case where non-ideal wattmeter is adopted and the compensation above is made by computation. As a result of the case study, following conclusions are obtained. 1) By proper combination of the error propagation law and the limit of power consumption, the desirable overall measurement error of the apparatus can be obtained on the basis of the inherent errors of CT and PT. 2) The measurement error is larger in current simulation circuit than in voltage simulation circuit. 3) Between the two cases, the latter is more advantageous than the former from the viewpoint of feasibility and the measurement error. 4) As the attachment of Ammeter in the current simulation circuit influences the measurement error considerably, its internal impedance should be large considerably. 5) The larger the consumption power of the apparatus is, the easier the feasibility is.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.286-289
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• 1996

Two servo control algorithms are suggested to reduce the tracking error of a computer hard disk drive. One is the repetitive control to reduce the repeatable tracking error which is not explicitly taken into account in the design of a conventional controller. This algorithm was successfully applied to a commercial disk using a fixed point DSP. The other is the multi-rate sampling control which generates the control output between each sampling times since the sampling time of hard disk drives is limited. These algorithms were shown effectively to reduce tracking errors.