• 한국조경학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 실내벽면녹화가 이용자에게 어떠한 측면에서 긍정적으로 인식되었으며, 이용행태에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대해 알아보는 것이다. 공용공간 이용객이 벽면녹화 조성 공간을 선호한다는 실험 가설 하에 벽면녹화가 이용객의 행태에 미치는 영향에 대해 관찰실험을 진행하였다. 실내벽면녹화를 설치한 후 행태관찰결과와 설문조사를 토대로 실내벽면녹화 선호도를 분석하였다. 관찰실험은 실내벽면녹화 선호가 이용행태에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 관해 2014년 3월 24일부터 31일까지 총 8일간 진행하였다. 일반칸막이 공간과 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간 이용행태를 관찰카메라로 녹화하여 영상을 보면서 분석하였으며, 붐비는 시간대는 관찰시간에서 제외하였다. 좌석별 평균이용시간은 SPSS 통계프로그램을 사용하여 독립표본 T-검정을 실행하였다. 설문조사는 행태관찰 후 일반칸막이 공간과 벽면녹화 칸막이 이용객 224명에게 설문조사를 진행하였다. 설문조사로 실내벽면녹화 선호도와 그 이유에 대해 알아보고, 관찰실험, 좌석분석 결과를 종합하여 분석하였다. 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간과 일반칸막이 공간의 칸막이 인접좌석의 총 이용시간 비교결과, 실내벽면녹화 선호도가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간의 여성이용자 비율이 일반칸막이 공간에 비해 더 높으며, 칸막이와 식물은 좌석선택에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 행태관찰에서 나타나지 않는 이용자의 심리적 측면을 파악하기 위해 설문조사를 진행하였다. 설문조사에서는 실내벽면녹화에 대한 선호도가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일반칸막이 공간 이용객 94명 중 11.7%(11명)가 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간에 앉기를 원하였으나, '벽면녹화 칸막이 공간에 자리가 없어서' 일반칸막이 공간에 앉았다고 응답하였다. 또한 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간 이용객 130명 중 24.6%(33명)가 '실내벽면녹화를 선호해서'라고 응답하였다. 일반칸막이 공간과 벽면녹화 칸막이 이용객의 64.3%(144명)가 동일조건이라면 벽면녹화 칸막이 공간을 선택하겠다고 응답하여 선호의사가 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 행태관찰에서 선호에 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

Purpose: Periodontal regenerative therapies for defects created by severe periodontitis are mainly focused on bone regeneration. Although cementum regeneration needs to be better understood, it is believed to play an important role in periodontal regeneration. The first step toward a full understanding of cementum regeneration is to compare repaired cementum to pristine cementum. This study, which used histological techniques, was designed to focus on cementum regeneration and to compare pristine cementum to repaired cementum after surgical procedures with 8 and 24 week healing periods in a canine model. Methods: Buccal and lingual mucoperiosteal flaps of 10 beagle dogs were surgically reflected to create critical-sized defects. Intrabony one-wall defects, of which dimension is 4 mm width and 5 mm depth, were made at the distal aspect of mandibular second premolars and the mesial aspect of mandibular fourth premolars in the right and left jaw quadrants. Animals were sacrificed after 8 and 24 weeks post-surgery for histological specimen preparation and histometric analysis. Results: The repaired cementum was composed mostly of acellular cementum and cellular mixed fiber cementum and was thicker in the apical area than in the coronal area. The acellular cementum of the supracrestal area appeared to be amorphous. The newly formed cellular cementum was partially detached from the underlying circumpulpal dentin, which implied a weak attachment between new cementum and dentin, and this split was observed to a lesser extent in the 24 week group than in the 8 week group. The vertical height of the repaired cementum was greater in the 24 week group than in the 8 week group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that repaired cementum after root planing was mainly acellular cementum and cementum tissue that matured to a shape similar to pristine cementum as the healing progressed from 8 to 24 weeks.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 콘크리트 압축강도($f_x$)$704kg/cm^2$, 철근 항복강도 ($f_y$) $5,830kg/cm^2$인 고강도 철근 콘크리트 고층형 내력벽에 있어서 휨항복 후 축응력에 따른 비탄성 이력특성을 규명하기 위하여 60층 철근콘크리트 초고층 건축물의 최저층부 3개층을 1/4크기로 축소 모델링한 3층 1스팬의 바벨형(barbell shape)독립 내력벽 실험체 3개를 제작하여 실험을 실시하였다. 본 실험의 주요변수는 내력벽 경계부재(boundary element)에 작용된 축응력으로 본 실험 연구결과에 대한 분석으로부터 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 형상비 1.8인 고강도 철근콘크리트 고층형 내력벽은 경계부재에 작용된 축응력이 본 연구범위인 0.21$f_x$의 높은 축응력하에서도 수직철근의 휨항복이 선행되면서 연성적인 거동을 보였으며, 각 실험체별로 작용된 축응력에 따라 상이한 파괴양상 및 이력특성을 나타냈다. 각 실험체는 연성비(${\delta}/{\delta}_y$)13에서 15사이에 휨압축부 경계부재 및 벽체 콘크리트의 압괴와 주근 파단 등에 의해서 최종 파괴되었다. 그러나, 모든 실험체는 실험종료시까지 축력이 충분히 지지되는 휨항복형의 안정된 비탄성 이력거동을 보였다. 경계부재에 작용된 축응력이 본 연구범위인 0.21$f_x$이내인 경우, 축응력은 내력벽의 횡하중 지지능력, 초기 할선강성 및 에너지 소산능력 등을 증대시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 고강도 철근콘크리트 고층형 내력벽의 휭항복 후 경계부재에 작용된 축응력에 따른 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여 연성, 에너지, 일 및 강성 등의 개념을 도입한 손상지표(damage index) 로써 각 실험체의 내진성능을 평가한 결과, 경계부재에 작용된 측응력이 본 연구범위인 0.21$f_x$이내에서 축응력이 증가됨에 따라 고강도 철근콘크리트 고층형 내력벽의 내진성능은 다소 저하되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2010

The concepts of laws like regularity or persistence or recurrence those are discovered in nature, became the essential elements in speculative philosophy, study and scientific technology. Western civilization was spread out by these natural laws. As this background, this study is aimed to research the theories of natural laws and the development of geometry as the descriptive tools and the development aspects of the concepts of space. According to Whitehead's four theories on the natural laws, the result of this study that aimed like that as follows. First, the theories on the immanence and imposition of the natural laws were the predominant ideas from ancient Greek to before the scientific revolution, the theory on the simple description like the positivism made the Newton-Cartesian mechanism and an absolutist world view. The theory on the conventional interpretation made the organicism and relativism world view according to non-Euclidean geometry. Second, the geometrical composition of ancient Greek architecture was an aesthetics that represented the immanence of natural laws. Third, in the basic symbol of medieval times, the numeral symbol was the frame of thought and was an important principal of architecture. Fourth, during the Renaissance, architecture was regarded as mathematics that made the order of universe to visible things and the geometry was regarded as an important architectural principal. Fifth, according to the non-Euclidean geometry, it was possible to present the natural phenomena and the universe. Sixth, topology made to lapse the division of traditional floor, wall and ceiling in contemporary architecture and made to build the continuous space. Seventy, the new nature was explained by fractal concepts not by Euclidean shapes, fractal presented that the essence of nature had not mechanical and linear characteristic but organic and non-linear characteristic.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to propose a method of developing an improved Hanok. To achieve this, an investigation was carried out on the factors of the main floor plan in the improved Hanok development and an interview was conducted with residents who live in the improved Hanok development. The conclusions obtained through this study are as follows: First, The shape of 一 was marked at the highest in the Korean traditional plan types such as 一, ㄱ and 田. It is considered that this reduces the cost of construction by simplifying the structure of the roof. Second, the size was consisted of $5{\times}3$ Kan, the Korean traditional module that determines the number of columns and expresses the position of the inner wall. However, the Kan measure ments for the bathroom and multi-purpose room differed. Third, 57.6% of the 2 bedroom units were investigated. However, 60% of the residents preferred 3 bedroom units. Fourth, the results of the relationship between the living room and the kitchen showed that the residents preferred L+DK type to LDK type by 54.2% and 45.8% respectively. Fifth, the residents preferred a bathroom constructed next to the bedroom because they considered that the improved Hanok development would be used as an Inn during holiday periods. Moreover, they desired a plan where the bathroom could be directly entered from the outside. Sixth, the design for the improved Hanok development should have a suitable multipurpose-room because 72.5% of the residents have extended their house to accommodate such a room. Seventh, 61% of the improved Hanok units had an entrance space, which does not exist in Korean traditional houses. For this reason, the Korean traditional floor (: the Maru) was avoided due to its inconvenience.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2001

The Tongdo temple have been transformed continuously since its first establishment about 1300 years ago. Nevertheless three critical elements specified by 'Jajangyulsa', founder of the temple have not varied over the times but rather strengthened and strongly combined. All elements and doctrines of the religion coexist and form a harmony within the whole of the temple. This researcher examined what changes, or combinations, in spatial formation were sought for such unique structures of the Tongue temple by focusing mainly on the Sangrojun area of the temple to obtain the following findings. First. unlike a work by a Japanese researcher 'Sekino Tadashi', the east yard of the main building was found located on the section line which corresponded to the separation line of Yungkuncheokdo(營建尺度=measure running) from the edge of the Keumkangkyedan(金剛戒壇 =Buddhist platform) embankment to the corner column of the Kamrodang. This was confirmed as a result of the review of photos shown in [Chosun Kojukdobo]. Second, the number of stairs used for the Keumkangkyedan was thought to become three when the temple was firstly restored in 1379 as a result that this researcher reviewed Chinese literature 'DoSun' and [Kyedandokyung(戒壇圖經)], records by 'Lee saek' and 'Jung Shihan', studies of Yungkun measure and actual changes in the temple. Then the temple was forth restored in 1705 when the second of the stairs was changed in area and height and at the same time grounded hard for a space for a Buddhist service. Third, the roof of the main building was probably changed in shape during the Koryo period when the plane structure, furnish arrangement, emphasized front, stone lanterns of the building and political factors of that time were all considered. Fourth, the main building was Initially designed to provide a Buddhist sermon service which was assumedly followed by a similar service at a Keumkangkyedan. Thus the main building had a small window on the northern side which might be opened up to look out or otherwise go outside like a door. However, the window was probably locked up like a surrounding wall since the main building was entirely repaired after the end of Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to comprehend strengthening Hwaban(flower-shaped support) design in the Two-lkgong style government buildings in the late Joseon period through the T-shaped wooden shrines, the architectures of royal palace and royal ancestral shrine. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. First, Janghwaban(the long plate carved with flower-shaped support) was installed in Injeongjeon(1805) for the first time. It took 40 years to introduce Janghwaban to the government building of Two-lkgong style compared with Injeongjeon. Second, the quantity of Hwaban had been increased from 1 to 5 for 300 years in the government building of Two-lkgong style. This had been steadily increased with the aim of strengthening design. Third, there was a limit to the increase in the quantity of Hwaban. The first reason was to control the rhythm between the Hwaban and the Pobyeok(the wall between Hwabans). The second reason was that if the Pobyeok was too narrow, it was difficult to plaster. The latter was solved by introducing the Janghwaban. Fourth, in attempting to stylize differently from Jusimpo(simple bracket system), the quantity of Hwaban increase played a very important role in the government building of the Two-lkgong style. Since the reconstruction of Gyeongbokgung Palace, Hwaban combined style with Ungong served as the norm of the royal palace architecture in the last Joseon period.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

The study analyzed the heat losses and the building energy efficiency grade by the energy simulation using the ENERGY# and ECO2 programs for the three types of Standard design of rural houses. It was calculated the energy efficiency rating by the ECO2 program for the rural housing standard design, and the energy demand and the energy consumption by each factor were compared and analyzed. And it analyzed energy consumption by element of each house by ENERGY # program. As a result, first in the evaluation of the energy efficiency grade of buildings by the ECO2 program, the rating for primary energy requirement for the housing newly built by the standard design of rural house is expected to range from 2 to 4 with 189.3 to $238.7kWh/m^2.a$. Second, the energy loss of each part of standard design of rural housing occurs in the order of ventilation 39%, window 33%, outer wall 14%, roof 9%, bottom 5%, and energy loss through ventilation and window occurs more than 70%. Third, the most beneficial effects on the energy efficiency grade is obtained the lowest grade of all three types by 2 when the lowering of the window and door heat transmission rate and the lowering of the light density, and the heat exchange ventilation device is not installed. Fourth, in the standard design of rural housing, the energy demand is occupied by heating > hot water > lighting order, and the order of the weight is changed in order of heating > lighting > ventilation > hot water. Fifth, building energy efficiency assessment system needs to establish policy for fixing rural housing energy as a practical device to ensure energy performance and quality.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to use as the basic data for design method in commercial space. So, we analyzed whether any emotion was induced by finishing materials in the commercial space. And we was to suggest expression methods of finish materials to induce in the emotional space. The results of this study are as follows : First, we could know that the emotional design is needed to enhance satisfaction of consumers. The role of finishing material is very important in emotional expression in the commercial space. Second, we extracted the adjectives vocabulary(14 pairs) to evaluate the space emotion. we could educe the four kinds of space emotion by Factor Analysis. In addition, we could arrange the emotional words to represent each space type(Decoration : 5 pairs, Expand : 4 pairs, Limitation : 3 pairs, Hierarchy : 2 pairs). Third, to use finishing materials and wall is very effective to induce the emotion in the emotional space. To use the color is good among the elements of finishing materials. Fourth, We could find that the center of the types of emotional space was induced with the boundary and the decoration. If we use contrasting colors and accent colors in the commercial space, we can induce the center and the boundary together. And if we use colorful or unusual patterns, we can induce the center and the decoration together. Fifth, To induce the expand, we should finish with one color in space. And To induce the center, we should finish with one type of the color or pattern and then we should partially use the contrast color and special pattern. the case of boundary, it is good method to part emphasize by color, texture and materials. And we can induce the decoration with materials and patterns.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2000

This study aims to find the characteristics of the folk houses in the upper area of Seomjin river in the view point of generating housing floor plans by their human and natural elements of environment. Because they are formed differently as them and have the characteristics as the houses in the upper area of Seomjin river. Seomjin river flows from mid-west area of the Korean peninsula to the southern sea. This is about 212.3km long and the fourth in the south of the Korean peninsula. It is surrounded high mountains in the upper area and makes open field in the mid and lower area of river. The study is surveyed and analyzed to the folk houses of the middle and lower class people in the area of Seomjin river. Because they have been formed by their natural and human elements of environment gradually. They are 35 houses - 13 in Jinan-kun, 4 in Imsil-kun, 10 in Namwon city, 10 in Sunchang-kun. They are analyzed by their floor plans and their spatial relations. The result of this study is that they are made by their natural and human elements of environment. There are some houses with semi-several wings and with storage that are appeared in the mountain village. It reflects that they are surrounded by high mountains. And there are some houses with wooden floor room that are appeared in the area of river little in the area of mountain. To prevent wind from the river the houses are layouted as a form . open ㄴ type, open ㄷ type, and their wall is made of stone and planted bamboo trees around their houses.