• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.414-418
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• 2005

A finite element model is developed for the numerical simulation of bed elevation change in a curved channel. The SU/PG (Streamline-Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin) method is used to solve 2D shallow water equations and the BG (Bubnov-Galerkin) method is used for the Exner equation. For the time derivative terms, the Crank-Nicolson scheme is used. The developed model is a decoupled model in a sense that the bed elevation does not change simultaneously with the flow during the computational time step. The total load formula with is used for the sediment transport model. The slip conditions are described along the lateral boundaries. The effects of gravity force due to geometry change and the secondary flows in a curved channel are considered in the model. For the verification, the model is applied to two laboratory experiments. The first is $140^{\circ}$ bended channel data at Delft Hydraulics Laboratory and the second is $140^{\circ}$ bended channel data at Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics of the Delft University of Technology. The finite element grid is constructed with linear quadrilateral elements. It is found that the computed results are in good agreement with measured data, showing a point bar at the inner bank and a pool at the outer bank.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.411-420
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• 1999

In geology, lineament features have been used to identify geological events, and many of scientists have been developed the algorithm that can be applied with the computer to recognize the lineaments. We choose several edge detection filter, line detection filters and Hough transform to detect an edge, line, and to vectorize the extracted lineament features, respectively. firstly the edge detection filter using a first-order derivative is applied to the original image In this step, rough lineament image is created Secondly, line detection filter is used to refine the previous image for further processing, where the wrong detected lines are, to some extents, excluded by using the variance of the pixel values that is composed of each line Thirdly, the thinning process is carried out to control the thickness of the line. At last, we use the Hough transform to convert the raster image to the vector one. A Landsat image is selected to extract lineament features. The result shows the lineament well regardless of directions. However, the degree of extraction of linear feature depends on the values of parameters and patterns of filters, therefore the development of new filter and the reduction of the number of parameter are required for the further study.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1067-1087
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• 2016

In this paper, a decoupled proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control approach for seismic control of smart structures is presented. First, the state space equation of a structure is transformed into modal coordinates and parameters of the modal PID control are separately designed in a reduced modal space. Then, the feedback gain matrix of the controller is obtained based on the contribution of modal responses to the structural responses. The performance of the controller is investigated to adjust control force of piezoelectric friction dampers (PFDs) in a benchmark base isolated building. In order to tune the modal feedback gain of the controller, a suitable trade-off among the conflicting objectives, i.e., the reduction of maximum modal base displacement and the maximum modal floor acceleration of the smart base isolated structure, as well as the maximum modal control force, is created using a multi-objective cuckoo search (MOCS) algorithm. In terms of reduction of maximum base displacement and story acceleration, numerical simulations show that the proposed method performs better than other reported controllers in the literature. Moreover, simulation results show that the PFDs are able to efficiently dissipate the input excitation energy and reduce the damage energy of the structure. Overall, the proposed control strategy provides a simple strategy to tune the control forces and reduces the number of sensors of the control system to the number of controlled stories.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.363-371
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• 2008

As a computational method for the discovery of the effective agonists for PPARd, we address the usefulness of molecular dynamics free energy (MDFE) simulation with explicit solvent in terms of the accuracy and the computing cost. For this purpose, we establish an efficient computational protocol of thermodynamic integration (TI) that is superior to free energy perturbation (FEP) method in parallel computing environment. Using this protocol, the relative binding affinities of GW501516 and its derivatives for PPARd are calculated. The accuracy of our protocol was evaluated in two steps. First, we devise a thermodynamic cycle to calculate the absolute and relative hydration free energies of test molecules. This allows a self-consistent check for the accuracy of the calculation protocol. Second, the calculated relative binding affinities of the selected ligands are compared with experimental IC50 values. The average deviation of the calculated binding free energies from the experimental results amounts at the most to 1 kcal/mol. The computational efficiency of current protocol is also assessed by comparing its execution times with those of the sequential version of the TI protocol. The results show that the calculation can be accelerated by 4 times when compared to the sequential run. Based on the calculations with the parallel computational protocol, a new potential agonist of GW501516 derivative is proposed.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2017

This study investigates the dynamic analysis of a transversely isotropic thin plate. The plate is made of hyperelastic John's material and its constitutive law is obtained by taken the Frechect derivative of the highlighted energy function with respect to the geometry of deformation. The three-dimensional equation governing the motion of the plate is expressed in terms of first Piola-Kirchhoff's stress tensor. In the reduction to an equivalent two-dimensional plate equation, the obtained model generalizes the classical plate equation of motion. It is obtained that the plate under consideration exhibits harmonic force within its planes whereas this force varnishes in the classical plate model. The presence of harmonic forces within the planes of the considered plate increases the natural and resonance frequencies of the plate in free and forced vibrations respectively. Further, the parameter characterizing the transversely isotropic structure of the plate is observed to increase the plate flexural rigidity which in turn increases both the natural and resonance frequencies. Finally, this study reinforces the view that non-classical models of problems in elasticity provide ample opportunity to reveal important phenomena which classical models often fail to apprehend.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.179-196
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• 2003

A long suspension bridge is often located within a unique wind environment, and strong winds at the site seldom attack the bridge at a right angle to its long axis. This paper thus investigates the buffeting response of long suspension bridges to skew winds. The conventional buffeting analysis in the frequency domain is first improved to take into account skew winds based on the quasi-steady theory and the oblique strip theory in conjunction with the finite element method and the pseudo-excitation method. The aerodynamic coefficients and flutter derivatives of the Tsing Ma suspension bridge deck under skew winds, which are required in the improved buffeting analysis, are then measured in a wind tunnel using specially designed test rigs. The field measurement data, which were recorded during Typhoon Sam in 1999 by the Wind And Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS) installed on the Tsing Ma Bridge, are analyzed to obtain both wind characteristics and buffeting responses. Finally, the field measured buffeting responses of the Tsing Ma Bridge are compared with those from the computer simulation using the improved method and the aerodynamic coefficients and flutter derivatives measured under skew winds. The comparison is found satisfactory in general.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.2302-2316
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• 2015

We propose an efficient method of extracting targets within a region of interest in non-homogeneous infrared images by using a principal component analysis (PCA) plane and adaptive Gaussian kernel. Existing approaches for extracting targets have been limited to using only the intensity values of the pixels in a target region. However, it is difficult to extract the target regions effectively because the intensity values of the target region are mixed with the background intensity values. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel PCA based approach consisting of three steps. In the first step, we apply a PCA technique minimizing the total least-square errors of an IR image. In the second step, we generate a binary image that consists of pixels with higher values than the plane, and then calculate the second derivative of the sum of the square errors (SDSSE). In the final step, an iteration is performed until the convergence criteria is met, including the SDSSE, angle and labeling value. Therefore, a Gaussian kernel is weighted in addition to the PCA plane with the non-removed data from the previous step. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better segmentation performance than the existing method.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2022

This paper presents a model-free system based on a framework of a backstepping sliding mode control (BSMC) with a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and adaptive mechanism for electro-hydraulic systems (EHSs). First, an EHS mathematical model was dedicatedly derived to understand the system behavior. Based on the system structure, BSMC was employed to satisfy the output performance. Due to the highly nonlinear characteristics and the presence of parametric uncertainties, a model-free approximator based on an RBFNN was developed to compensate for the EHS dynamics, thus addressing the difficulty in the requirement of system information. Adaptive laws based on the actor-critic neural network (ACNN) were implemented to suppress the existing error in the approximation and satisfy system qualification. The stability of the closed-loop system was theoretically proven by the Lyapunov function. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, proportional-integrated-derivative (PID) and improved PID with ACNN (ACPID), which are considered two complete model-free methods, and adaptive backstepping sliding mode control, considered an ideal model-based method with the same adaptive laws, were used as two benchmark control strategies in a comparative simulation. The simulated results validated the superiority of the proposed algorithm in achieving nearly the same performance as the ideal adaptive BSMC.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to analyze the radiation characteristics of the shaped Cassegrainian antenna. Radiation pattern of the sub-reflector is calculated by GTD (Geometrical Theory of Diffraction) The complete radiation patterns are obtained by summing the reflect field from the surface and the diffracted fields from the edge. The first and the second derivative on the sub-reflector are calculated by the local interpolation technique. The Radiation characteristics of the main-reflector are obtained by integrating the surface current density, which is derived from PO approximation. The radiation integral is expanded by the Jacobi-Bessel series for the purpose of reducing the computation time.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.222-229
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• 2011

In this paper, we present the concept and main mission of the Crabster, an underwater walking robot. The main focus is on the modeling of drag and lift forces on the legs of the robot, which comprise the main difference in dynamic characteristics between on-land and underwater robots. Drag and lift forces acting on the underwater link are described as a function of the relative velocity of the link with respect to the fluid using the strip theory. Using the translational velocity of the link as the rotational velocity of the joint, we describe the drag force as a function of joint variables. Generalized drag torque is successfully derived from the drag force as a function of generalized variables and its first derivative, even though the arm has a roll joint and twist angles between the joints. To verify the proposed model, we conducted drag torque simulations using a simple Selective Compliant Articulated Robot Arm.