• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.108-119
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in pre-menopausal housewives and to explore controllable and uncontrollable factors regarding metabolic syndrome. Methods: The study population of this cross-sectional survey was from the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES) 2010 through 2015, including the fifth and sixth population-based studies. The criteria for metabolic syndrome include waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) based on Korean Clinical Practice Guideline for Metabolic Syndrome by the Korean Academy of Family Medicine 2015. Results: Among the 2,498 subjects, 247 subjects had metabolic syndrome and the prevalence was estimated to be 9.9%. The number of subjects who met the criterion of HDL was 936 (36.2%), which was the most prevalent among the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Statistically significant (p<.05) factors include age, livinghood benefit group, perceived health status, obesity, family history of DM, sleeping time, awareness of stress,leukocyte, and erythrocyte count. The odds ratio of obesity in the BMI ${\geq}25$ group was 12.59 times as high as that of the BMI <25 group (p<.001) for metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre-menopausal housewives in the survey was not low, and it is necessary to develop and apply comprehensive health habit management programs to improve controllable factors including exercise and food intake.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the relation factors of weight control behaviors, mental health status and body image perception in adolescents and to use basis data of health promotion for adolescents. Methods: This study used data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2, 2011). The subjects were 653 between 12-19 age. Data analysis was done with SPSS/WIN 19.0 using Chi-square test, and Logistic regression. Results: The result is as follows. The case of female adolescents, abnormal perception of body image was significantly higher on weight reduction effort and normal weight, low weight in BMI. The case of male adolescents, abnormal perception of body image was higher on normal weight in BMI. Conclusions: The adolescents tend to do unreasoning weight loss behavior without properly perception for their body image. Therefore, we suggest that adolescents be provided social support for positive body image and be developed perception program with the importance of inner values.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status and behavior in Korean diabetic adults. Methods: The study subjects were 11,840 adults who participated in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2010-2012). Diabetic status was defined by doctors and fasting blood sugar(FBS) level. Oral health status was assessed by decayed-missing-filled teeth(DMFT), community periodontal index(CPI), periodontal disease, denture needs, limitation of oral function, and chewing difficulty. The oral health behavior was evaluated by oral examination within a year, brushing times a day, and use of auxiliary oral product. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus diagnosed by doctor and FBS was 8.3% and 10.2%, respectively. The prevalence rate of periodontitis was 25.4%. The proportions of $DMFT{\geq}20$, $CPI{\geq}3$, periodontal disease, denture needs, oral function limitation and chewing difficulty in the confirmed diabetic group by doctor were significantly higher than those of the non-diabetic group(p<0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio(aOR) for periodontal disease(aOR=1.73, 95% CI=1.41-2.12), presence of denture needs(aOR=1.40, 95% CI=1.06-1.84), limited oral function(aOR=1.43, 95% CI=1.15-1.78) and chewing difficulty(aOR=1.41 95% CI=1.13-1.77) in diabetic subjects were significantly higher than those of the non-diabetic subjects. There were similar associations between diabetes defined with FBS and oral health. In oral health behavior, diabetic subjects had significantly lower odds ratios for oral examination(aOR=0.76, 95% CI=0.60-0.98), brushing time ${\geq}2$ times(aOR=0.73, 95% CI=0.57-0.93), and auxiliary oral products(aOR=0.74, 95% CI=0.59-0.94). Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between oral health status and behavior in Korean diabetic adults. Further study is needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms between diabetes mellitus and oral health status.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2018

Background: Both objective body shape and perceived body image have been known to influence the mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of a combination between actual body mass index (BMI) status and perceived body image with anxiety depressive condition (ADC) in Korean men and women. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data of 26,239 subjects ${\geq}20$ years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2014). This study performed a Rao-Scott chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses reflecting survey characteristics and used a variety of independent variables such as socio-demographics and health behavior factors. Results: With all independent variables considered, people with normal weight who perceived themselves as overweight were more likely associated with ADC than a referent group with normal weight who perceived themselves as normal weight, as shown for both men (odds ratio [OR], 1.52; confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.15) and women (OR, 1.25; CI, 1.06-1.48). Meanwhile, compared to the referent group, men with underweight who perceived themselves as underweight showed a lower association with ADC (OR, 0.63; CI, 0.41-0.97), whereas women with underweight who perceived themselves as underweight showed its higher association (OR, 1.47; CI, 1.10-1.96). Conclusion: A certain group of people categorized as a combination between actual BMI status and perceived body image showed a relatively high likelihood of having ADC, and the gender difference in the likelihood of having the condition for a group was clear. Therefore, this study suggests the need to identify the group at a high risk of ADC on the basis of actual BMI status and perceived body image and to develop an appropriate mental health management program for the group.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2020

Purpose: This study used raw data from the fifth (2010-2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to assess the relationship between vitamin D level and glycemic control of diabetes, and to provide basic data about the use of vitamin D for preparation of a treatment plan for diabetes in South Korea. Methods: For this study, data of 1,713 diabetes from KNHANES (2010-2012) were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program, and complex sample frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, complex sample cross analysis, complex sample general linear regression, and complex sample logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: It was found that the poor glycemic control group among the diabetes subjects had significantly lower level of blood vitamin D than the good glycemic control group. Factors affecting glycemic control included drinking, vitamin D levels, hypertriglyceridemia, duration of diabetes, and treatment of diabetes. Also, diabetics with vitamin D deficiency or shortage showed 3.55- and 2.61-times higher odds ratios, respectively, to be diagnosed as the poor glycemic control group than diabetics without vitamin D deficiency or shortage. Conclusion: This study is significant because it provides rationale and basic data about the use of vitamin D for preparation of a treatment plan for diabetes in South Korea by assessing the dependence of glycemic control on the vitamin D level of diabetics. Additionally, future studies are necessary to determine the appropriate concentration of vitamin D for diabetes prevention and treatment to prevent the side effects of excessive supplementation.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.181-193
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• 2015

This study investigated anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, nutrient intakes, and bone density of Korean elderly men (over 65 yrs). Data on bone density and anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure) and biochemical (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride and hemoglobin) characteristics, nutrient intakes, and nutrient density were obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008~2011). Subjects were categorized into smoking and non-smoking groups, and smoking groups were divided into three groups by smoking period (under 20 yrs, 21~40 yrs and over 41 yrs). Serum triglyceride concentrations of the smoking group aged 21~40 yrs were higher than those of other groups (P<0.01), whereas other biochemical factors were not different. Intake ratios of energy, protein, phosphorus and sodium in subjects were over 100% of Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans (KDRI). Nutrient densities according to intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin per 1,000 kcal were significantly different among the groups (P<0.05). Bone density of subjects decreased according to smoking period (T-score of total femur in non-smoking group -0.3108, and -0.2918, -0.4941, -0.6847 in smoking group, respectively). Ratio of osteoporosis was 38.1% in the non-smoking group and 44.4%, 51.1%, and 64.0% in the smoking group, respectively. The findings of the present study show that smoking may be associated with bone health, higher ratio of osteoporosis, and low nutrient density in elderly men. Therefore, practical and systematic non-smoking programs are required to improve the bone density of elderly men as well as maintain healthy bone levels and desirable lifestyle.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

The present study was aimed at evaluating whether white rice consumption has any association with selected measures of dietary intake and nutrients, including various variables of energy intake, major vitamin, mineral intakes, and the risk of health characteristics for over 60 years older. A total of 1,433 subjects (658 male and 775 females) 60 years or older from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey(KNHANES) 2010 participated and the Food Commodity Intake Database were used in this study. Levels of percent energy intake from rice were classified into 4 groups (R1, R2, R3, R4 groups: 25% of each) between male and female elderly using data from KNHANES. One of the interesting findings was that the higher rice consumers had a significantly sufficient intakes of a range of nutrients such as total energy intake, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, mineral, sodium, potassium, and niacin in female elderly, but not much in male. Other finding was that as the higher intake of rice group, prevalence of hypertension (53.5%, 63.4%, 50.3%, 46.3%, p=0.035), dyslipidemia (16.6%, 18.0%, 14.5%, 11.1%, p=0.008), sarcopenia (46.1%, 46.1%, 40.2%, 28.8%, p=0.012), sarcopenic obesity (25.4%, 31.5%, 23.7%, 15.5%, p=0.008) were significantly less than other groups in female, but not much in male. In conclusion, we obtained valuable basic information on recommended rice-centered diet could give us good nutritional status and eventually bring the prevention of some chronic diseases in elderly, especially in female.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.88-105
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• 2016

This study investigated anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, food and nutrient intakes, and changes in body mass index (BMI) of Korean middle age men (40~49 yrs). Data on BMI, anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure), and biochemical (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin, GOT, GPT) characteristics, food and nutrients intakes, nutrient density, and index of nutrient quality were obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2001, 2005, 2011). Subjects were divided into three groups by year. Weight, BMI, and hemoglobin increased significantly by year. All anthropometric factors except height showed a positive relation with BMI by year. Consumption of barley, chinese noodle, confections, soybean milk, egg, ice cream, pizza, fried foods, banana, coffee, and raw rice wine increased significantly by year. Intake ratios of nutrients except water and fiber were over 100% of KDRI generally. INQ according to intakes of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin per 1,000 kcal increased significantly by year. Distribution of BMI status of subjects showed a significant difference by exercise. The findings of the present study show that BMI of subjects increased by year, and intakes of all nutrients except calcium and riboflavin showed aspects of overnutrition by year. Intakes of fruits decreased while intakes of raw rice wine and coffee increased by year. Therefore, practical and systematic nutrition programs are required to maintain optimum BMI and appropriate intakes of nutrients to maintain a desirable lifestyle and improve dietary life.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2019

Purpose: This article tried to find the relations between periodontal diseases, body mass index and clinical level for Korean adults over the age of 19, utilizing data of the 6th national nutrition survey. Methods: In the collected data, 14,940 adults aged 19 years or older were included in the study to determine the relationship between the general health status of Korean adults and periodontal disease. Results: As the result, 28.6% of Korean adults had periodontal diseases, there were significant differences depending on gender, age, smoking, residential aria, education level, body mass index, HDL-cholesterol, leukocyte value and fasting blood sugar. When general factors were controlled for multiple logistic regression analysis, there was significance as BMI cross rate was 1.029(95% C1, 1.007-1.051). HDL-cholesterol cross rate was 0.989(95% C1, 0.980-0.999), leukocyte cross rate was 1.086(95% C1, 1.040-1.134) and fasting bloody sugar cross rate was 1.006(95% C1, 1.003-1.009), so there were significance. In conclusion, there was a significance relation between periodontal diseases, body mass index, HDL-cholesterol and fasting bloody sugar. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, oral health education should be used to manage and maintain healthy oral cavity by improving periodontal disease management and awareness. In addition, it will be necessary to develop periodic oral examinations and age - specific oral health education programs, and it can be used as a basic data for public oral health plan.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between male and female Korean adolescents and to investigate gender-specific factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 975 adolescents aged 12-18 years who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010~2011). Multiple logistic regression using complex sample analysis was performed to examine gender-specific factors associated with vitamin D deficiency with adjustments for covariates. Results: Among the participants, 82.9% had vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher among female adolescents (88.4%) than their male counterparts (78.4%). A rural place of residence (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19~0.87; p=.021) and daily milk intake (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07~0.75; p=.015) were significant factors significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency in males, while body mass index (OR, 8.40; 95% CI, 1.05~67.04, p=.045) and having breakfast (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10~0.49; p<.001) showed significant relationships in females. Conclusion: The results of this study provide preliminary evidence for developing effective strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency in Korean adolescents. The different factors influencing vitamin D deficiency in males and females should be considered when providing interventions.