• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 1982

A physician assumes toward his patient the obligation to use such reasonable care and skill as is commonly possessed and exercised by physicians in the same general line of practice in the same or similar localities and to use his best judgment at the times. Medical disputes between physicians and patients are, ever more increased in these days as human body, happens to cause a variety of changes in body unlike the function of machine. Such increased trends of medical disputes became a problem in common across the word under the influence of affluent living standard, high consciousness of life value and right by today's people. The aim of this dissertation is oriented to forming a physician's responsibilities in medicalcare accidents arising between physicians and patients. A general physician, for example, has not been negligent merely because, a specialist might have treated the patient with greater skill and knowledge. However, the fact that a physician may have acted to the best of his ability will not avoid legal problems for damages resulting from substandard treatment, that is the degree of care and skill which is to be expected of the ordinary practitioner in his field of practice. The duty of a physician who is, or holds himself out to be, a specialist is greater in the field of his specialty than one who is a general physician. A patient's consent to routine medical procedures is implied from the fact that patient comes to the physician with a medical problem and voluntarily submits to the procedures. For the more serious medical procedures and for major operations, however, it is preferable for the physician to have the patient's consent in writing, to facilitate proof of the consent in the event of a dispute or litigation. Suppose that mistakes on the part of physicians are likely to be blamed in all cases of malpractice. Then it will create a sort of shrinkage in activities of medical treatment. There should be some limitation on excessive application of 'The thing speaks for itself' on mistakes by physicians and availablity of cause and effect. It is a matter of complicity as well as a matter of importance to draw a definite boundary on responsibilities of physician. A series of further research on this particular aspect is strongly urged.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2009

이 논문은 한국 영화제작의 다양성을 위하여 새로운 영상콘텐츠로 부각되고 있는 팩션장르에 대해 고찰함으로써 팩션 콘텐츠로 활용된 작품들의 가능성을 모색해본다. 픽션과 팩트를 합성한 신조어인 팩션은 범위에 따른 경계방식으로, 역사의 서술방식을 통해 사실에 가깝다면 기록적 역사 서술방식, 허구에 가깝다면 허구적 역사 서술방식으로 나눠진다. 그리고 거시적 역사는 사회적 논란의 소지, 미시적 역사는 개인소송으로 이어지면서 경계의 범위에 따라 개인해석에 따라 다양한 해석을 만들어낸다. 한편 역사와 관련한 영화는 관객들이 이미지만 기억하고 실존하는 역사적 사실을 망각하여 기억의 왜곡이 뒤따르지만, 영화를 통해 역사적 사실을 간접체험으로 대신한다는 점에서 팩션장르의 장르적 가능성과 영화의 매력을 느끼게 해준다. 팩션장르 발전과제 있어서 3가지 인식전환이 필요하다. 첫째, 관객들의 관람인식 변환구조를 통해 관객들의 역사영화 해석능력이 필요하며, 관객들에게 과거와 현재를 연결해주는 역사와의 소통구조가 필요하며, 영화작가의 해석에 따라 관객 인식변화를 좌우하는데 역사우선으로 볼 것인지 허구우선으로 볼 것인지 신중한 결정이 필요하겠다. 무엇보다 관객들에게 1차적인 영화적 즐거움과 함께 역사적 진실이 공존할 수 있다면 그것이 한국 팩션장르의 매력이자 바람일 것이다.

• 논리연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-38
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• 2011

베르나이스는 국내외를 막론하고 그의 업적에 상응하는 집중적 관심의 대상이 되지 못했다. 극히 최근에 이르러 베르나이스의 저작의 재출간을 비롯하여 그의 철학에 대한 재조명이 시작되고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 흐름에 발맞춰 공리적 방법을 초점으로 베르나이스의 사상을 힐버트의 사상으로부터 섬세하게 가려내는 시도를 시작해보고자 한다. 우선 힐버트가 자신의 공리적 방법에 대해 대단한 자부심을 지녔었다는 점을 전거를 제시해가며 부각시킨다. 그리고 힐버트의 공리적 방법이 공리적 방법의 역사 전체 안에서 어떤 위치를 지니는지에 관한 베르나이스의 견해를 정리해볼 것이다. 또한 중전기 베르나이스와 후기 베르나이스가 이 문제에 관하여 상당히 다른 입장을 취하는 것으로 보인다는 점에 착안하여, 중전기 베르나이스의 견해와 후기 베르나이스의 견해를 대조해 보일 것이다. 그리하여 공리적 방법에 관하여 가장 뚜렷하게 부각되는 힐버트와 베르나이스의 견해의 차이가 공리적 방법의 제일성의 문제에서 찾아진다는 점을 보여줄 것이다. 같은 맥락에서 1950년대 중반 이후 과학철학에서의 카르납의 프로젝트가 공리적 방법의 제일성에 대한 힐버트의 신념을 계승하려는 것으로 보고, 후기 베르나이스의 카르납 비판을 논의할 것이다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2014

The Internet is a highly distributed and complex system consisting of billion devices and has become the field of various kinds of conflicts during the last two decades. As a matter of fact, various actors utilise the Internet for illicit purposes, such as for performing distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS) and for spreading various types of aggressive malware. Despite the fact that numerous services provide information regarding the threat level of the Internet, they are mostly based on information acquired by their sensors or on offline statistical sampling of various security applications (antivirus software, intrusion detection systems, etc.). This paper introduces proactive threat observatory system (PROTOS), an open-source early warning system that does not require a commercial license and is capable of estimating the threat level across the Internet. The proposed system utilises both a global and a local approach, and is thus able to determine whether a specific host is under an imminent threat, as well as to provide an estimation of the malicious activity across the Internet. Apart from these obvious advantages, PROTOS supports a large-scale installation and can be extended even further to improve the effectiveness by incorporating prediction and forecasting techniques.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제28권
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• pp.71-81
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• 1995

There are no exact copies or carvings of India's original Buddhist Scripts published in Korea that had been flowed into Japan except those of WanSanJungUiMongSanPuPo(환산정의몽산법어). YaWoonJaKyung (야운자경). KyeChoShimHakInMoon(계초심학인문) PalSimSooHangChang(발심수행장) and MongsanWhaSangPupoRackLock published by a mid-Chosun Dynasty Buddhist monk, YaWoon TaesunSa. Others are the translations by Chinese people. All printings were of woodblock except ChonjimyungYangsoo- RhockChapMoon(천지명양수육잡문) of Inkyng wood printing type. This shows perhaps that the Buddhists were so devout that they spared no effort in their prayers to head for the Paradise. Even the woodblock carver himself took his hard work for granted in his belief and engraved the blocks with all his heart taking his work as God-given task. Or. perhaps they to use wood-block printing as the demand for the Scripts soared. By the way. as the Koryo Dynasty took Buddhism as the state religion, it was natural that the Buddhist Scripts were published at TaeJangToKam (the publishing office) and were much encouraged. It is noteworthy. however, that not a few Buddhist Scripts had been published during the Chosun Dynasty despite its crack-down on Buddhism as the Confucianism was declared as the state principle. The Scripts were even published by such temples as MoonJooSa(문수사), MyoHeeAm(묘희암). SsangbongSa(쌍봉사). PyoHoonSa(표훈사), YooJupSa(유점사), YongJangSa(용장사). and AnShimSa(안심사). The fact that the Scripts were even published by KanKyungToKam(간경부감) leads us to reconsider the traditional way of thinking of the Chosun Dynasty as anti-Buddhist or flunkeyist. The historical fact that a record number of Buddhist publications had been transmitted to Japan - is it accidental? - This issue could well be another subject matter for further research. However, it should be noted that very few of above­mentioned Buddhist Scripts are found in present-day Korea.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to research Gunnar Asplund's Woodland Chapel (1918-20) in terms of the revernacularization of classicism and to investigate into the matter of the constructional logic. The term 'revernacularization of classicism' was used by Alan Colquhoun to explain the process to return to the pure sources of classical architecture, and the case of a successful fusion of classicism and vernacular traditions was suggested by Demetri Porphyrios through Scandinavian Doricist sensibility in the early 20th century. Porphyrios's classicism, not as style but as sensibility, is premised on a constructional logic of vernacular, and is to achieve an aesthetic quality by its mythical elaboration. Woodland Chapel, a representative of the Scandinavian Doricism according to him, illustrates characteristics of the revernacularized classicism as in the fact that it thickly displays vernacular images at the same time as relying on classicism; in the return to primitive simplicity; and in the mythopoeic power. However, the constructional logic of this building was obscured in the capital of the portico columns, the interior dome, and the whole structure of the roof. Confronting this paradox, we have to remember that although Porphyrios emphasized the constructional logic he opened an aesthetic exit of the mythical elaboration, which is in accord with the concept of the tectonic as the poetics of construction. Woodland Chapel assumes atectonic features but is never anti-tectonic. Asplund intensified a poetic effect by setting the myth over construction in the chapel, and so it can be seen as a key example of the revernacularized classicism with the Doricist sensibility.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2016

In modern society which changes from quantity-seeking society to value-seeking one, people's various lifestyles have great effect on consumption patterns and work as an important factor in choosing hotels. The fact that design hotels, which provide unique experiences with differentiated and sensitive designs by reflecting various lifestyles, recently attract attention can be understood in the same context. As a matter of fact, design hotels recently serve as destinations as they become cultural and artistic icons which reflect customer lifestyles. Especially, the designs of lobby spaces in hotels play deciding role in customers' choices while representing the nature of hotels. In this respect, under the premise that the kinds of accumulated experiences are different depending on lifestyles and preferences for specific interior spaces are influenced by association mechanism formed by experiences, this study analyzed lobby spaces of design hotels which focus on specific lifestyles from the perspective of association mechanism based on experiences. As the method of analysis, this study classified the types of lifestyles and conducted case analysis to investigate what association mechanism works to enhance the preference of design hotels by types. Study classified lifestyles into experiential activity type, social meeting type, fashion-pursuing type and hideout-preferring type and analyzed cases of lobby designs in design hotels. The results of this case analysis are as follows; First, experiential activity type mainly utilized quasi-association and approach association through senses and social meeting type utilized quasi-association and memory association through emotions while fashion-pursuing type utilized quasi-association and presumption association through intuition and hideout-preferring type utilized quasi-association and approach association through thoughts. Second, it was found that most lobby designs are characterized by association mechanism in visual formative nature and that in temporal spatial nature working in complex way, and, through such process of association expansion, space stories are created. Stories of spaces created this way become unique identities of design hotels that provide new experiences for customers.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide the fundamental material and information for the plant maintenance after rooftop planting through physiochemical characteristics. The characteristics of artificial soils after rooftop planting from 1993 to 1999 was investigated. Fourteen investigation areas were selected from 4 cities(2 areas selected by each year). The analysis of the circumstances of the areas, the physical characteristics, and the chemical characteristics of the soil were conducted. The artificial soil pH ranged 5.26∼7.40 showing that after construction the soil pH tended to decrease. The soil bulk density of the site was lowest in 1999, 0.15g/㎤, and used to increase toward 1993. We found the fact that the soil bulk density increased gradually after rooftop application . The coefficients of permeability of the soils range from 0.016 to 0.052 cm/sec, which seemed to be in good permeability level. The artificial soils had relatively high water moisture capacity of 62.69∼71.36%. The soil organic matter content of the artificial soils ranged from 0.43 to 1.34%. The exchangeable caution concentration in the artificial soil ranged, Na, 2.36∼4.71mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX}, Mg 0.88∼2.84mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX},K 2.97∼9.61 mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX}, and Ca 9.39∼28.23 mg·{TEX}$kg^{-1}${/TEX}. The amount of total N ranged from 0.003 to 0.286% in study sites. Soil chemical properties varied year to year and showed little tend. The research results showed that some characteristics of the artificial soil were changed after rooftop planting, i.e., soil pH and soil bulk density. Soil bulk density had a negative relationship with the coefficient of permeability, showing that the drainage condition might be limited after some period. This study suggests that a diversity of the research in the changes of the plant growth basis on the areas after construction.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.317-328
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of ghrelin on memory impairment in a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods: Randomized controlled groups and the posttest design were used. We established the representative animal model of vascular dementia caused by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and administered $80{\mu}g/kg$ ghrelin intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. First, behavioral studies were performed to evaluate spatial memory. Second, we used molecular biology techniques to determine whether ghrelin ameliorates the damage to the structure and function of the white matter and hippocampus, which are crucial to learning and memory. Results: Ghrelin improved the spatial memory impairment in the Y-maze and Morris water maze test. In the white matter, demyelination and atrophy of the corpus callosum were significantly decreased in the ghrelin-treated group. In the hippocampus, ghrelin increased the length of hippocampal microvessels and reduced the microvessels pathology. Further, we confirmed angiogenesis enhancement through the fact that ghrelin treatment increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related protein levels, which are the most powerful mediators of angiogenesis in the hippocampus. Conclusion: We found that ghrelin affected the damaged myelin sheaths and microvessels by increasing angiogenesis, which then led to neuroprotection and improved memory function. We suggest that further studies continue to accumulate evidence of the effect of ghrelin. Further, we believe that the development of therapeutic interventions that increase ghrelin may contribute to memory improvement in patients with vascular dementia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.540-572
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• 2011

The present review focuses on the effects of energy intake on performance, changes in body tissue during lactation, and metabolic parameters in dairy cows. Especially, pre-partum nutrition and its influence on lactation are emphasized. In recent decades the increase in genetic potential of dairy cows has increased milk yield. This fact sharpens the problem of a negative energy balance in early lactation because the amount of energy required for maintenance and milk production exceeds the amount of energy cows can consume. Around parturition, reduced feed intake reinforces the situation. Continuing negative energy balance causes decreasing milk yield, fertility problems, and incidence of metabolic diseases. Hence, the cow has to rely on body reserves that were stored in late lactation and the dry period. It is evident that the nutritional status pre-partum acts as the key factor for milk yield and fertility parameters in the following lactation. Cows overfed during the foregoing gestation and which have gained large quantities of body fat have lower dry matter intake along with the need to mobilize larger quantities of body reserves in lactation. The milk yield in the following lactation is lower than in cows fed according to their requirements. Cows restrictively fed in late gestation have a higher feed intake in lactation and a lower mobilization of body reserves. The effect of energy intake post-partum plays only a minor role for performance parameters in lactation. Lipid mobilized from body reserves makes a substantial contribution to the energetic cost of milk production in early lactation and adipose tissue undergoes specific metabolic alterations. Adipose tissue is degraded to free fatty acids, which are used in liver for energy purposes. High lipid mobilisation promotes the development of a fatty liver and therefore a reduced gluconeogenesis.