• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.49
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• pp.519-544
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• 2011

Clauses on national treatment in the bilateral investment treaties including FTA state that, the foreign investor and his investments are 'accorded treatment no less favourable than that which the host state accords to its own investors'. Hence the purpose of the clause is to oblige a host state to make no negative differentiation between foreign and national investors when enacting and applying its rules and regulations and thus to promote the position of the foreign investor to the level accorded to nationals. As a matter of legal drafting technique, while the basic clause is generally the same, the practical implications differ due to more or less wide-ranging exemptions of certain business sectors. It is generally agreed that the application of the clause is fact-specific. This paper deals with problems in drafting clauses on national treatment in practice, introduces several considerations to adjust the level of national treatment, so it can be made more represents the interest of our country.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2023

Algal organic matters (AOMs) are challenging to remove using traditional water treatment methods. Additionally, they are recognized as disinfection by product (DBP) precursors during the chlorination process. These compounds have the potential to seriously harm aquatic creatures. Despite the fact that AOMs and DBPs formed from algae can harm aquatic species by impairing their cognitive function and causing behavioral problems, only a few studies on the effects of AOMs and associated DBPs have been conducted. To assess the impact of extracellular organic materials (EOMs) produced by three different hazardous algal species and the chlorinated EOMs on zebrafish, this study used fish acute embryo toxicity (FET) and cognitive function tests. With rising EOM concentrations, the embryo's survival rate and mental capacity both declined. Of the three algal species, the embryo exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa EOM exhibited the lowest survival rate. On the other hand, the embryo exposed to EOMs following chlorination demonstrated a drop in CT values in both the survival rate and cognitive ability. These findings imply that EOMs and EOMs treated with chlorine may have detrimental effects on aquatic life. Therefore, an effective EOM management is needed in aquatic environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 2008

If fire is occurred in the subway, the train must be moved to the closest station and make passengers get off the train. As a matter of fact, the Fire of Dae-gu Subway was coped with this way. But, the fire smoke extraction system of real subway stations have not designed to deal with fire of trains yet. Therefore, we have to establish a plan of station railroad for preventing from unexpected damage when the fired train comes to the station. The purpose of this study is to establish the effective smoke extraction measure that is to prevent stations from damage by the scale-down experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.216-223
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• 2015

Recently Manipulation capability is important for a robot. Interaction between a robot hand and objects can be properly controlled only is suitable sensors are available. Recently the tendency is to create robot hands more compact and high integrated sensors system, in order to increase the grasping capability and in order to reduce cabling through the finger, the palm and the arm. As a matter of fact, miniaturization and cabling harness represents a significant limitation to the design of small sized embedded sensor. Ongoing work is focusing on a flexible manipulation system, which consists of a dual flexible multi-fingered hand-arm system, and a dual active vision system.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2010

Innovation in technology has changed the form and meaning of performance work and its appreciation in its long history. Applied to performance art, the concept of digital media and ubiquitous also created new implications in aesthetics and technology. As a matter of fact, new elements of ubiquitous performance- new relationship between creators and the audience and the extension of the notion of 'audience'- are not newly introduced. These elements have been tried throughout hundreds years of performance history and is far more developed thanks to digital communication. In this study, we will discuss how these elements have been developed from the earlier text-based ubiquitous performance to 3D virtual world and contributed to the construction of the virtual culture.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.57-66
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• 2012

This paper to the scene to fit the fluid can be expressed as cartoon-style real-time method is proposed. As a matter of fact the fluid color in the simulation in which both reflection refraction and color tones are different in both cases. This paper light, water, terrain, time, etc. with cartoon-style representation of the fluid, adaptive way is proposed. Experimental implementation of the existing and proposed methods were compared with the results. This cartoon-style rendering of the existing research methods and the proposed method and at the same time using cartoon-style games that can be represented by the entire system could offer.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

It is a matter of fact that Susan, doesn't have enough systematic history and culture, has face on very difficult situation. A competitive and fashionable tourist theme park need to be constructed to develop their historical theme park, and to make own culture which is related to Busan' tradition. The subject of this study is to suggest the basic knowledge about number of customer to be estimated When cultural theme park is built up. The questionaries to customer is consist of the propensity of leasure, the use of similar facility, the type of theme park, and inclination of visitation to foreign and domestic tourist.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3782-3787
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to service quality and customer satisfactory perception gap and service quality affect customer satisfactorily and this leads and there is the goal the fundamental data of resort marketing strategic establishment provides. As a result of factor analysis, customer quality was a difference to customer satisfactory recognition, the service quality was analyzed with the fact that affects customer satisfactorily. This study which sees with the scholastic questionable matter which analyzes the customer satisfaction of the resort market which had become maturity provided fundamental information a together for new marketing strategic establishment in the resort marketing person in charge.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.229-242
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• 2005

Photogrammetry is a current method of GIS data acquisition. However, as a matter of fact, a large manpower and expenditure for making detailed 3D spatial information is required especially in urban areas where various buildings exist. There are no photogrammetric systems which can automate a process of spatial information acquisition completely. On the other hand, LiDAR has high potential of automating 3D spatial data acquisition because it can directly measure 3D coordinates of objects, but it is rather difficult to recognize the object with only LiDAR data, for its low resolution at this moment. With this background, we believe that it is very advantageous to integrate LiDAR data and stereo CCD images for more efficient and automated acquisition of the 3D spatial data with higher resolution. In this research, the automatic urban object recognition methodology was proposed by integrating ultra highresolution stereo images and LiDAR data. Moreover, a method to enable more reliable and detailed stereo matching method for CCD images was examined by using LiDAR data as an initial 3D data to determine the search range and to detect possibility of occlusions. Finally, intellectual DSMs, which were identified urban features with high resolution, were generated with high speed processing.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.463-470
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• 2003

It is a matter of fact that Pusan, doesn't have enough systematic history and culture, has face on very difficult situation. A competative and fashionate tourist theme park need to be constructed to develop their historical theme park, and to make own culture which is related to Pusan' tradition. The subject of this study is to suggest the basic knowledge about specialty of customer to be expected when cultural theme park is built up. The questionare to customer is consist of the propensity of lesure, the use of similar facility, the type of theme park, and inclination of visitation to forign and domestic tourist.