• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2016

Objectives: To review reference levels by the international and domestic management and provide the basis for setting occupational exposure limits(OELs) of radon in Korea Methods: Government's organizations with laws and systems for monitoring radon exposure were investigated and compared. There are five laws governing Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) control such as Occupational Safety and Health Act, Indoor Air Quality Control in Public Use Facilities, Etc. Act, School Health Act, Public Health Control Act and Parking Lot Act in Korea. It was surveyed that a total of 32 countries including 24 countries in the European Union(EU), six countries in Asian and two countries in North America setting the reference levels for radon in the world. Results: In Korea, there are set guidelines for radon in the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Education. Reference levels of radon for existing dwellings were $150{\sim}400Bq/m^3$ for Western European countries, and $200{\sim}1,500Bq/m^3$ in Eastern European countries. Approximately 67% of those EU countries were set up $400Bq/m^3$ to the standards for existing dwellings. EU countries such as Luxembourg, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Russia had adopted mandatory level for radon. Radon guidelines for new dwellings were set more strictly reference level($200Bq/m^3$) than existing dwellings. Conclusions: International organizations such as ICRP, UNSCEAR and NCRP, etc. had recommended the guidelines for radon. It was calculated the relation of the dose conversion factors with the annual effective doses. the OELs of radon suggest to need to establish $150Bq/m^3$ for office room and $400{\sim}1,000Bq/m^3$ for the workplace.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.551-571
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• 2022

Xylella fastidiosa is xylem-limited bacterium capable of infecting a wide range of host plants, resulting in Pierce's disease in grapevine, citrus variegated chlorosis, olive quick decline syndrome, peach phony disease, plum leaf scald, alfalfa dwarf, margin necrosis and leaf scorch affecting oleander, coffee, almond, pecan, mulberry, red maple, oak, and other types of cultivated and ornamental plants and forest trees. In the European Union, X. fastidiosa is listed as a quarantine organism. Since its first outbreak in the Apulia region of southern Italy in 2013 where it caused devastating disease on Olea europaea (called olive leaf scorch and quick decline), X. fastidiosa continued to spread and successfully established in some European countries (Corsica and PACA in France, Balearic Islands, Madrid and Comunitat Valenciana in Spain, and Porto in Portugal). The most recent data for Europe indicates that X. fastidiosa is present on 174 hosts, 25 of which were newly identified in 2021 (with further five hosts discovered in other parts of the world in the same year). From the six reported subspecies of X. fastidiosa worldwide, four have been recorded in European countries (fastidiosa, multiplex, pauca, and sandyi). Currently confirmed X. fastidiosa vector species are Philaenus spumarius, Neophilaenus campestris, and Philaenus italosignus, whereby only P. spumarius (which has been identified as the key vector in Apulia, Italy) is also present in Americas. X. fastidiosa control is currently based on pathogen-free propagation plant material, eradication, territory demarcation, and vector control, as well as use of resistant plant cultivars and bactericidal treatments.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2017

유럽의 포장 폐기물 통계를 다양한 관점에서 확인하기 위해서 Eurostat의 데이터베이스 중심으로 유럽의 포장 폐기물 발생 및 처리의 연도별 변화, 유럽 국가들의 재생률과 재활용률 목표 그리고 유럽 국가별 재활용률로 정리하여 분석하였다. 2005년부터 2013년까지 기간 동안의 모든 포장 폐기물 발생량에서 포장 재료 중 종이 및 판지가 가장 많이 생산되었음을 확인하였으며, 주요 포장 재료의 점유율 성장 추이에서는 대체적으로 포장 재료 간 일정한 추세를 확인하였다. 또한 유럽 연합 회원국들은 포장 폐기물 재생률과 재활용률 목표 지침을 제정하고 있는데, 2008년 이 지침이 제정된 후로 대부분의 EU 국가들이 잘 지키고 있었다. 마지막으로 Eurostat에서는 포장 폐기물의 양과 재활용된 양을 유리, 종이 및 판지, 금속, 플라스틱, 목재 등의 포장 재료별로 폐기물의 재활용 비율을 산출하고 있는데, 유럽의 전체 포장 폐기물의 재활용 비율의 경우 계속해서 증가하는 추세를 확인하였다. 이를 통해 EU 국가별로 포장 재료별 폐기물의 양과 재활용된 양을 비교 분석하고 이러한 추세 변화에 따른 GDP 감소와 경제적 슬럼프와 같은 포장 폐기물과 재활용에 따른 간접적인 영향력도 확인할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.241-245
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• 2022

The main purpose of the study is to determine the main factors influencing the economic environment of the region and its financial and economic security. Ukraine aspires to become a full member of the European Union, but the events of 2022 have changed everything. Full-scale military operations on the territory of Ukraine significantly affect its socio-economic situation Today, the issue of studying the negative impact of military operations on the economic environment is very relevant. Based on the results of the study, we have identified the main negative factors of the military impact on the economic environment of the region and its financial and economic security.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.244-247
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• 2020

The occurrence of the shift work disorder (SWD) in health-care workers (HCWs) employed in 24/7 hospital wards is a major concern through the world. In accordance with literature, SWD is the most frequent work-related disturb in HCWs working on shift schedules including night shift. In agreement with the Luxembourg Declaration on workplace health promotion (WHP) in the European Union, a WHP program has been developed in a large Hospital, involving both individual-oriented and organizational-oriented measures, with the aim to prevent the occurrence of SWD in nurses working on shifts including night shift. The objective assessment of rotating shift work risk and the excessive sleepiness were detected before and after the implementation of the WHP program, by using the Rotating Shiftwork-questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The findings of this study showed the effectiveness of the implemented WHP program in minimizing the impact of shift work on workers' health and in preventing the misalignment between sleep-wake rhythm and shift working.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2002

Third generation mobile radio systems (3G) are currently being deployed in different regions of the world. Future systems beyond 3G are already under discussion in international bodies and forums such as ITU, WWRF and R&D programs of the European Union and in other regions. These systems will determine the research and standardization activities in mobile and wireless communication in the next years. Based on the experience of 3G future systems will be developed mainly from the user perspective with respect to potential services and applications including traffic demands. Therefore, the Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) was launched in 2001 as a global and open initiative of manufacturers, network operators, SMEs, R&D centers and the academic domain. WWRF is focused on the vision of such systems the Wireless World - and potential key technologies. This paper describes the international context of activities on systems beyond third generation, the goals, objectives and structure of WWRF, the user perspective as the starting point for a future system design and the key enabling technologies for the Wireless World.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.69-88
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• 2010

This paper explores the determinants of the innovation impact of publicly funded R&D projects along three broad dimensions, namely project, firm and market-related factors. In addition to these factors we examine the attributes of the research result per se and aspects of the commercialization process. The observations from empirical and qualitative analyses are based on R&D projects funded by the Fifth and Sixth Research Framework Programmes of the European Union. Firm size, prior experience, innovation culture, the nature of the project itself, explicit intension to commercialize, consortium management and strategy are the factors with the strongest effect on project success, defined in terms of product/process innovation and/or technical knowledge creation. The paper provides important implications for the organization, objectives, and management of public programmes that fund R&D and for project and participant selection.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권10호
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• pp.1298-1302
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• 2018

Minimum Efficiency Performance Standard (MEPS) has already been operated in many countries. In particular, the European Union (EU) has entered the IE3 stage since 2017. Korea will also enter the IE3 phase from October 2018. As for Korea, there is still a restriction on induction motors only. But, in the EU and the United States, efficiency regulation of variable speed drives is being deeply examined. Standards related to this are gradually being fixed. In this paper, the current status and the direction of global standards related to the efficiency of motors, inverters and systems are reviewed. And the case of improving the efficiency of the system including the motor will be examined.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2017

This paper focuses on the development prospects of the UK after Europe, the development situation of the EU and the world's democratic issues were discussed. Professor Zhou Yushu that the old EU pattern may no longer be suitable for contemporary development trends, the need for reform and create a new pattern of mutual benefit and win-win situation. Professor Thomas believes that the impact of Britain's departure from Europe should be viewed from a dialectical perspective, and the benefits and disadvantages of China's economic development plan will be positive for the economic development of Europe as a whole. With the common development of China.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.750-751
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• 2006

We investigated the mechanism how the high green density can be provided during die lubricated warm compaction (WD). We observed and analyzed the densification processes of iron powders including different contents of an inner lubricant, and measured the lateral pressure at the die wall during WD in comparison with conventional compaction and warm compaction. As a result, the high density in WD was due to not only the particles-deformation enhanced by warming powders but also the particles-rearrangement promoted by reducing an amount of the inner lubricant rather than the die lubrication.