• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2021

Background: Patients with the chronic physical illness are more likely to experience depression, and the accompany of chronic physical illness and depression is particularly high in middle-aged and elderly women. Considering that depression is associated with somatization and the decline of therapeutic compliance when accompanied by chronic physical illness, middle-aged and elderly women who experience depression among chronic physical illness may increase their use of medical services. This study is to identify the effect of depression on the use of medical services, especially among middle-aged and elderly women with chronic physical illness. Methods: This study used the 2016 Korean Health Panel. For analysis, it used T-test, negative binomial regression, and multivariate regression combining propensity score matching. Results: First, depressive groups had a higher number of medical service utilization and total medical expenditure than the non-depressive group. Second, depression significantly increased medical service utilization (β=0.17, p=0.04) at the 5% significance level. Also, depression significantly increased total medical expenditure (β=0.37, p=0.08) at the 10% significance level. Conclusion: For those who have chronic physical illness among middle-aged and elderly women, the experience of depression was confirmed to be a factor affecting the use of medical services. In the end, it is important to come up with policy countermeasures for middle-aged and elderly women accompanied by depression and chronic physical illness.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.48
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• pp.150-178
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• 2002

The elderly have higher potential for contracting chronic diseases and suffering from development of a complication. Also, the extended old age period leads the elderly to demand more medical services. All those facts indicate that the elderly need more medical services than any other age groups. Consequently, medical care for the elderly with chronic diseases causes high costs burden. However, there is few studies researching the financial burden of chronic illness of the elderly. This study aimed to 1) understand how much the elderly with chronic diseases pay for medical expenses; 2) find out some specific factors related to health care financial burden; 3) suggest the alternative policies to decrease excessive financial burden of caring for the elderly with chronic illness. National Health and Nutrition Survey, which was surveyed by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 1998, was used in this study. 4,707 persons with chronic diseases out of 5385 persons over age 60 were selectively sampled. Using SPSSWIN, correlation analysis, T-test, ANOVA and Regression were used as statistical methods in this study. Stepwise multiple regression was employed to analyze the data with a ratio of health care expenditure to income(financial burden) as a dependent variable. Out of Korean old people, 87% had the chronic diseases and their health care financial burden rate showed the average of 17.9%, which meaned they expended almost 20% income to buy medical services. The variables having a great influence on financial burden were monthly income, activity, limitation and single household of an old person. The excessive financial burden was experienced by people who had more than 4 activity limitations(37.1%) and were in the lowest Income level(32.6%), and single household of an old person(31.4%). The new policies should be considered to 1) reduce the financial burden in these groups and to develop the sliced medical cost system considering the characteristics of chronic illness and income level; and 2) develop the medical management system to care for the elderly with chronic illness.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.2 s.61
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• pp.293-309
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to compare the level of health-related quality of life and relating factor between institutional elderly and community living elderly. The subjects were 390 from Sanatorium or Nursing home and 467 from the community in Kwangju. The results are followed : 1) A comparison of ADL between two groups, institutional elderly and community living elderly, resulted in that community elderly were more significantly independent in the areas of bathing and transfer than institutional elderly. 2) A comparison of IADL between two groups resulted in that : Community elderly were more independent in the areas of using telephone and transportation, food preparation, house keeping, and doing laundry. Institutional elderly were more independent in the area of handling finances. 3) In the case of poor health-related quality of life, institutional elderly showed 2.4 times in the dimension of physical fitness, 1.8 times in daily activity, 2 times in social activity, 2 times in pain, 26.7 times in social support, and 0.4 times in subjective quality of life higher than community elderly There was no significant differences in the rest of dimensions. 4) In institutional elderly, the analysis of variables related to the health-related quality of life resulted in that; The relating factors were sex, education, and chronic illness in the dimension of physical function. Direct contact with family or significant others in the dimension of social activity. Chronic illness in the dimension of pain and perceived health status. Direct or indirect contact with family or significant others over the phone or through letters in the dimension of social support. 5) The analysis of variables related to the health-related quality of life showed that community elderly has more relating variables in each area than institutional elderly. The relating factors were age, sex, and chronic illness in the dimension of physical function. Education and chronic illness in the dimension of emotional status. Age and chronic illness in the dimension of daily activity and social activity Education and chronic illness in the dimension of pain and perceived health status. Sex, education, family size in the dimension of social support. Education and chronic illness in the dimension of subjective quality-of-life. Throughout general daily activity, community elderly showed more satisfactory results than institutional elderly, but in the subjective area of health-related quality of life, such as subjective quality of life, institutional elderly group showed more positive results. And community elderly had more relating factors than institutional elderly. For the health care of the elderly that focused on quality of life, new approaches considering the characteristics of both group, institutional and community living elderly, are needed.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.273-280
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for improving the life satisfaction of elderly women with chronic diseases by analyzing the factors affecting life satisfaction. Using the 6th Korean Retirement and Income Study, 1846 elderly women aged 65 years or older with chronic diseases were included in the study. In order to investigate life satisfaction, instrumental activities of daily living and interpersonal relationship according to general characteristics, descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA were used. We used hierarchical multiple regression analysis to find out the factors affecting life satisfaction. The results showed that elderly women with chronic illness were more satisfied with life when they were younger, spouses, higher education, proper sleep, regular exercise, and regular health checkups. This study has limitations in that the number of chronic diseases, types, and psychosocial aspects are not considered. However, it is significant that the elderly panel with the representative of the whole nation was used to grasp the life satisfaction of the elderly women with chronic diseases. Therefore, in order to improve the life satisfaction of elderly women with chronic illness, appropriate sleep, exercise, instrumental daily life ability, interpersonal intervention will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.379-388
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the degree of depression, perceived health status, chronic disease and quality of life(QOL) among rural elderly and to determine the factors related to their QOL. Method: The design of this study was a correlational study. The subjects were 423 elderly consisted of 157(37.1%) men and 266(62.9%) women dwelling in a rural area of N City. Data were collected from May to December, 2003 using a structured questionnaire. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the factors related to the QOL. Result: It was found that the mean score of QOL was in total with 2.15 out of 5.00 and women elderly's score was significantly lower than men(t=2.20, p=.028). Perceived health status showed statistically significant positive relationship with QOL(r=.608, p<.05), while depression(r=-.751, p<.01) and chronic illness(r=-.336, p<.01) showed statistically significant negative relationship. Depression was found to have the highest correlation with QOL among the subjects. Depression score explained QOL at the most, accounting for 36.8% of the variability, followed by perceived health(8.2%) and the number of chronic illness(.7%). Other factors related to the QOL were economic status and absence of spouse. Conclusion: In order to increase the QOL of rural elderly, it is necessary to decrease the depression, to increase their perceived health status and to decrease the number of chronic illness. We suggest the implementation of a program not only to promote physical health status and self-care ability but to take care of mental health for the rural elderly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between physical activity and sleep patterns of the elderly. Methods: The subjects of this study were 154 elderly who visited a community senior center in Korea. Data was collected by an interview and a self reported questionnaire, during the period from June to October, 2006. Physical activity was measured by IPAQ Korean version(2006), and sleep pattern by Korean Sleep Scale A developed by Oh et al.(1998). Results: The prevalence of chronic illness in the subjects was 73.4 %. The mean time of vigorous activity was $6.62{\pm}31.27$ minutes/day during the past week. Moderate activity time was $28.85{\pm}50.31$ minutes/day and walking time was $28.85{\pm}50.3$ minutes/day. The total sleep time was $397.63{\pm}111.53$ minutes/day. Physical activity of the elderly significantly correlated with sex, chronic illness, job, and sleep patterns of the elderly. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of sleep pattern was the satisfaction of sleep. A combination of the number of chronic illnesses, moderate physical activities(MET), and total time of sleep accounted for 44.4% of the sleep pattern. Conclusions: Moderate physical activity is more effective than vigorous physical activity for improving the sleep quality of the elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of participation in social activities on the subjective health satisfaction of the elderly in groups with and without chronic diseases. Methods : Data were used from the "2014 the Korean Elderly Survey" and the subjects were 10,451 persons aged 65 years or older. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 statistical package. Results : The results of this study were as follows. In the case of the elderly without chronic diseases, only the employment status (${\beta}=.135$, p<.01) had a significant effect on the health of the elderly. In the case of elderly people with chronic illness, participation in lifelong education (${\beta}=.183$, p<.001), participation in social group (${\beta}=.277$, p<.001), volunteer work experience (${\beta}=.060$, p<.05), and employment status (${\beta}=.342$, p<.001) had a significant effect on health. Conclusions : Policies and systems are needed to actively encourage and support the social activities of the elderly. Additionly, care and attention are needed to provide social jobs for the elderly and build a sustainable network.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.429-438
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• 2017

The main objectives of this study are to examine the effects of self-rated health on depression and to examine the moderating effect of satisfaction with social relationship and leisure on relationship between self-rated health and depression in the elderly with chronic illness. To do this, we analyzed 4,831 elderly people with chronic illness using the 10th Korea Welfare Panel data in 2015. To investigate the moderating effects of variables, we conducted a hierarchial regression analysis and confirmed the change $R^2$. As a result of that, first, subjective health, satisfaction with social relationship and satisfaction with leisure had a direct impact on depression. The results show that the better self-rated health of the elderly is, the higher satisfaction with social relationship is and the higher satisfaction with leisure is, the lower depression is. Second, it was found that satisfaction with social relationship and leisure was moderating variables in the relationship of subjective health and depression. This shows that the approach to the subjective aspect of the parties is important rather than the quantitative approach to the social interaction or leisure life. Based on this results, this study has proposed the implications and limitations of it and suggestions for further study.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.257-267
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of self-management programs and the measurement used for elderly people with chronic illness living in the community. Databases used for study search were Google Scholar, RISS, and Dbpia. And research questions were selected based on the PICO framework. We searched the study published from January 2010 to September 2019 and selected the final six studies by applying inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. As a result, the selected study had qualitative level of Level 1-2. In general characteristics of the program, nurses conducted the most programs, and the program was operated for 50 elderly people or less. In addition, the program was conducted mainly in public health centers, senior centers. The subjects were the most studies for chronic patients with hypertension. The dependent variables of the program covered the cognitive domains in all the studies, and many of the studies measured the physical domains as the dependent variables. The results of this study provide the effectiveness of self-management intervention for the elderly with chronic diseases living in the community, and highlight the need for the development of programs for chronic diseases in the community. In addition, this study suggests measuring tools related to various cognitive, physical, mental, social and quality of life of the elderly, and suggests the necessity of multidisciplinary research.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2011

Objectives: This study investigated the gender and age differential effect of major chronic diseases on activity of daily living (ADL) disability. Methods: Surveyfreq and Surveylogistic regression analyses were employed on the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) with a sample of 3,609 persons aged 65 - 89. Results: After adjusting for potential covariates, stroke, among elderly men more so than women, had a 2-3 times greater odds of engendering ADL disability in the 65-69 (p < 0.05) and 70-79 age groups (p < 0.01). In comparison to elderly women, cancer, diabetes, and incontinence in elderly men was associated with a higher risk of ADL disability in the 70 - 79 age group (p < 0.05), and this association was also observed for pulmonary disease in the 80-89 age group. Among elderly women, however, a significant association between incontinence and ADL disability was identified in all three age groups. In addition, this association was found in pulmonary disease and diabetes in elderly women aged 70 - 79 years. Significant gender differences were observed in the association between stroke in the 60 - 79 age group and cancer in the 70 - 79 age group. Conclusions: Age and gender differences were observed in the effect of chronic diseases on ADL disability.