• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-40
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• 2020

Purpose - The labor management department is an important area in charge of the labor-management relations that affects the competitiveness of the company. This study seeks to diagnose labor management education focusing on labor manager competency strengthening curriculum that is currently being conducted domestically and propose an educational model that can contribute to the labor manager competency development by researching improvement measures. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, the first phase is a Delphi open form survey and 15 expert panels participated. The second phase had 31 expert panels participating and in the final IPA analysis, targeting 111 on-site subjects, it conducted a survey regarding desired level of current educational level and future education requirement. Results - A final 57 subjects regarding 11 items to increase the competency of the labor managers through the first and second Delphi survey was deduced through this study. To add, regarding the current education level and desired level that the current workers are thinking with respect to analysis results of the 57 subjects through the IPA analysis, an educational model could be deduced to increase competency of the labor managers based on the result. Conclusions - Thus far, research regarding labor management has been insufficient as it was defined as a subordinate role to human resources. This study reviews the role and competency of labor managers and presented an educational model to strengthen the capabilities of internal labor managers to re-illuminate the labor manager. However, this study is limited in terms of the diversity of the types of companies participating and the small number of panels. Better data can be produced if such parts are supplemented in the future.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of the relationship between host country image and cultural intelligence (CQ) on the attractiveness of expatriate destinations. Specifically, this study compares the different impacts of CQ on the relationship between host country image and subsidiary attractiveness by comparing a US-based subsidiary and a Vietnam-based one. Research design and methodology - A total of 445 Korean full-time workers responded through an online survey. The survey randomly showed the participants one of two conditions for a potential expatriate location. The participants were asked to answer a series of questions on the organizational attractiveness of the subsidiaries from the perspective of an expatriate candidate and respond to a series of questions on individual CQ. Results - Through a two-way ANOVA test, the results reveal that Korean expatriate candidates perceive that a Vietnam-based subsidiary is a less attractive destination for international assignment when compared to a US-based subsidiary. In addition, the positive moderating effect of cultural intelligence on the relationship between the host location and the subsidiary's attractiveness is stronger when Vietnam, rather than the US, is the assignment location. Conclusions - Drawing upon AUM theory, this study confirmed that unfavorable country image affects subsidiaries' attractiveness for expatriate candidates, due to anxiety. However, this study showed the role of employees' CQ to mitigate these challenges. This study suggests providing information on positive conditions of expatriate locations and building systematic process for enhancing individual CQ for organizations.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Purpose - In a difficult time for a firm, it seems impossible to change circumstances by a firm. Nevertheless, the firm must do whatever it can do by however it can do. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of HRM practice on organizational effectiveness with the status quo of the firm as a moderator. Based on the result of this study, the managerial implication could be suggested as a contextual response to each status quo of the firm in improving and managing organizational effectiveness by HRM practice. Research design, data, and methodology - This study measured organizational effectiveness with employee satisfaction and organizational commitment. HRM practice includes two HR management areas, HR system, and HR attitude. HR system includes education & training and additional wage welfare. HR attitude includes employee stress and empowerment. As for the status quo of the firm, this study considered three construct; firm feature, strategic feature, environment change feature. This study analyzed 397 employees of 24 company data from the 7th HCCP of KRIVET. Result - Hypothesis 1 through Hypothesis 3 were partially supported. The results of this study suggest that to increase organizational effectiveness(job satisfaction and organizational commitment), employee stress and education & training participation need to be managed. And circumstance of an organization as given the Status Quo of the firm needs to be managed differently like firm size, environment change in demand, and technology. Conclusion - This study suggests best-practice implications based on the result between HRM practice and organizational effectiveness. And also suggest differentiation in management to increase the best-fit in management.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.12-27
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the effects of foreign students' entrepreneurship on start-up recognition and intention. Due to the expanded policy of attracting foreign students with current Korean wave, it has rapidly increased the number of foreign students in Korea. The number of foreign students in Korea has increased from 50,000 up to 100,000 in 2012. Approximately half of number was resided in Seoul capital, surrounding satellite cities and followed by Kyeongsang, Chungcheong and Jeolla province regions. In this study, we examined the correlation of entrepreneurship with start-up recognition and intention of foreign students living in Daejeon city. The research model was constructed with entrepreneurship and start-up intention as independent and dependent variable, respectively, and start-up recognition as a moderating variable. Furthermore, the entrepreneurship of foreign students as independent variable contains innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk-taking and social responsibility. In the survey, we collected 119 responding foreign students belonging to KAIST, Chungnam National University and Hanbat National University and analyzed the correlations of these variables with 116 significant answers. To validate the hypotheses, linear regression analysis tool in SPSS program was used. As a result of the survey, entrepreneurship components such as innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk-taking and social responsibility affected start-up intention positively. In addition, start-up recognition as a moderating variable affected positively between entrepreneurship and start-up intention. However, it has the limitation to generalize the overall correlation of entrepreneurship with start-up recognition and intention for foreign students living in Korea because the survey was only performed in restricted Daejeon city area. Nonetheless, this study can be useful for understanding the foreign students's trait for entrepreneurship and planning the adequate entrepreneurship education.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2017

Purpose - The current study attempts to enhance competitiveness by improving Chinese restaurant chefs' work environment and analyzes its effect on work environment and burnout. Also, this study analyzes to see if there is moderation role of enthusiasm between work environment and burnout. Based on analyzation, the present study aims to suggest more effective measure of human resource management by reducing burnout and turnover through providing chefs with more stable and consistent work environment and through their enthusiasm. Research design, data, methodology - Surveys were distributed to chefs working in Chinese restaurant in Seoul and Kyunggi region. Total of 500 surveys were distributed between September 1, 2017 and September 20, 2017 (about 20 days), and 417 surveys were returned to be used in the analysis. Results - As a result of testing effect of chefs' work environment on burnout (1) welfare environment, personal environment, and institution environment had significant effect on loss of accomplishment. (2) welfare, personal, and institution environment had significant effect on deindividuation. (3) welfare environment and institution had significant effect on emotional deprivation while personal environment did not. Second, as a result of analysis on moderation role of obsessive enthusiasm between Chinese restaurant chefs' work environment and burnout (1) as a result of interaction between work environment and loss of accomplishment, personal environment had significant effect while welfare environment and institution environment did not. (2) As a result of interaction between work environment and deindividuation, welfare, personal, and institution environment did not have significant effect. (3) As a result of interaction between work environment and emotional deprivation, institution environment had significant effect while personal environment and welfare environment did not. Conclusions - There is manpower shortage due to poor work environment of Chinese restaurant. Studies that are not limited to work environment are needed to more efficiently utilize human resources.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2021

This study investigates the relationship between cultural distance and entry mode choice, where the foreign investor firm and the host country are both from emergent economies. Within this framework, research is limited and the issue is whether companies, regardless of their specific situations, have the same strategy when they meet a high degree of uncertainty in the host environment. In this study, we focused on the influence of informal institutional factors: cultural distance, that has been extensively analyzed in international business, measured by Kogut and Singh index and defined according to Hofstede, Globe Project and Schwartz approaches. The general trend derived from prior research proves that when a company from a developed country is involved; overall more enthusiasm is shown for wholly-owned subsidiaries rather than joint venture. This result still stands validated for corporations from this emergent economy area. Our analysis of a sample of 163 FDI in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) using logistic binary regression model reveals that the foreign firms prefer to establish wholly-owned subsidiaries in the host country over entering into a joint venture with a local firm, taking into consideration the large cultural distance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.255-265
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• 2020

This study aims to test the interrelationship among perceived value, tourist satisfaction, quality of life, and tourist loyalty in an Indonesian tourist adventure destination. The respondents were recruited from Bromo Mountain, East-Java Province, Indonesia. For this study, 250 questionnaires were distributed, of which 240 could be used for analysis, yielding a response rate of 96%. Data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares with smartPLS 3 software. Both outer model and inner model evaluation were conducted to ensure the robustness of the proposed model. The findings showed that perceived value does not have a direct significant effect on tourist loyalty. However, tourist satisfaction and quality of life have significant effects on tourist loyalty. The mediating effect test indicated that tourist satisfaction and quality of life significantly mediated the effect of perceived value on tourist loyalty. The multi-group analysis test found that the demographic factor does not have any influence. By accomplishing its research objectives, this study provides both theoretical and practical contributions. From a theoretical standpoint, this study provides a comprehensive conceptual model in explaining Indonesia adventure tourist loyalty. From a practical standpoint, this study offers recommendations to adventure tourism management to enhance the sustainability of the tourism destination, especially the adventure tourism destination.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.951-958
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• 2020

This study examines the relationship between social media marketing and brand loyalty through brand trust. Respondents were drawn from customers of McDonald's, Malang City, East Java Province, Indonesia. For this study, 130 questionnaires were distributed and data were analyzed using the Structure Equation Model (SEM) version 22 of the AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structure) application. The results showed that social media marketing had an impact on increasing McDonald's brand trust and brand loyalty. Brand trust influences brand loyalty and brand trust can mediate the influence of social media marketing on McDonald's brand loyalty. The findings prove that brand trust can mediate the effect of social media marketing on customer loyalty to McDonald's brand. These results can be explained by the fact that marketing strategies through social media marketing, such as making it easy for customers to get information related to McDonald's on social media, can contribute to customer trust and that trust is formed because McDonald's always pays attention to the quality of the products offered. Brand trust can mediate the influence of social media marketing on customer loyalty to McDonald's brand. This means that information related to McDonald's on social media is proportional to the quality of the product offered.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.523-534
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• 2020

The research objective was to find out how Total Quality Management (TQM) mediates antecedents of employee performance variables? The research was conducted with a quantitative approach while the research design was cross sectional. The research model was tested using the structural equation modeling approach with partial least square analysis tools to test the influence among research variables. The research sample consisted of 315 respondents who answered a questionnaire in August-September 2019 at manufacturing companies in East Java. The results showed that situational leadership did not affect employee performance, but did affect the successful implementation of TQM. The performance measurement system has no direct effect on employee performance. The performance measurement system has a direct effect on employee performance. Organizational culture has a direct effect on both employee performance and the application of TQM, so that the application of TQM can improve employee performance. TQM implementation variable acts as a mediation between situational leadership and organizational culture on employee performance. The relationship that was originally a direct influence turned into an indirect effect through TQM. The TQM variable is not proven to be an intervening variable between the performance measurement system and employee performance. There is a direct relationship between these two variables.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.371-376
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• 2020

The study seeks to explore the factors affecting the access to credits by individual customers at commercial banks in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam. Based on these results, the author proposes solutions to further improve the ability to serve individual customers at commercial banks in the province in the future. The study was conducted with a method of collecting primary data of 300 individual customers including 150 people with access to credits and 150 people without accessing to credits at six commercial banks in Tra Vinh Province, Viet Nam - Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bank for Foreign Trade Commercial Bank, Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam, Asia Commercial Bank in Tra Vinh, Sai Gon Commercial Joint Stock Bank, and Bank of East Asia. The author has used binary regression methods, and the study found that seven factors affecting the ability of individual customers to access capital, namely, career, qualifications, collaterals, incomes, documents, loan and business plans, and experience. In particular, occupation, experience, and documents are the most influential factors. From the above results, the author proposes policy implications to improve individual customers' access to credits at commercial banks in Tra Vinh province in the near future.