• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 2013

In this paper, we will examine single face tracking algorithms with scaling function in a mobile device. Face detection and tracking either in PC or mobile device with scaling function is an unsolved problem. Standard single face tracking method with particle filter has a problem in tracking the objects where the object can move closer or farther from the camera. Therefore, we create an algorithm which can work in a mobile device and perform a scaling function. The key idea of our proposed method is to extract the average of skin color in face detection, then we compare the skin color distribution between the detected face and the tracking face. This method works well if the face position is located in front of the camera. However, this method will not work if the camera moves closer from the initial point of detection. Apart from our weakness of algorithm, we can improve the accuracy of tracking.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.62-66
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• 1978

The polarizability tensor components for $NH_3,\;BH_3,\;HCN,\;C_2H_4,\;PO,\;PO^-$ and CO molecules are calculated by the variation method. The parallel components of the polarizability are closer to the experimental values than those of CNDO/2, MINDO/1 and MINDO/2, but the perpendicuar components of the polarizability are not closer to the experimental values than those of the other methods.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.129-142
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• 2017

In this paper we consider the problem of the model selection/discrimination among three different positively skewed lifetime distributions. Lindley, Weibull, and gamma distributions have been used to effectively analyze positively skewed lifetime data. This paper assesses how much closer the Lindley distribution gets to Weibull and gamma distributions. We consider three techniques that involve the likelihood ratio test, asymptotic likelihood ratio test, and minimum Kolmogorov distance as optimality criteria to diagnose the appropriate fitting model among the three distributions for a given data set. Monte Carlo simulation study is performed for computing the probability of correct selection based on the considered optimality criteria among these families of distributions for various choices of sample sizes and shape parameters. It is observed that overall, the Lindley distribution is closer to Weibull distribution in the sense of likelihood ratio and Kolmogorov criteria. A real data set is presented and analyzed for illustrative purposes.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 1984

The auther performed this experimental study on cervical margin distortion in preheating method during soldering. 1. In soldering methods, the method using the furnace has less distortion than the method using open-flame and longer the bridge spon, the larger the distortions. 2. Table Ⅰ Showed that buccal margin, lingual margin, mesial margin and distal margin had respectively 0.01mm, 0.02mm, 0.03mm, 0.03mm closer adaptation in 3 unit bridge than in 5 unit bridges. 3. Table II showed that buccal margin, lingual margin, mesial margin and distal margin had respectively 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.11mm, 0.05mm closer adaptation in 3 unit bridge than in 5 unit bridges.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2015

China's rapidly growing cities offer a unique opportunity to create highly sustainable communities. Architects and their clients, typically real estate developers, are highly focused on strategies that are effective at reducing energy and water usage at the scale of the individual building or within a master plan of multiple related buildings. However, a closer look at energy consumption reveals that transportation uses more energy worldwide than residential and commercial buildings combined. In light of this, it is appropriate that China is making massive investments in transportation infrastructure like heavy rail rapid transit and grade separated expressways, but the end result of these investments to date has been to enable people to live further from where they work and shop rather than closer - while simultaneously not creating walkable communities. Using positive and negative examples from Asia and the rest of the world, this article will investigate the specific urban design policies such as height limits, setbacks, land use restrictions, parking ratios, and parcel size which might change to enable the creation of truly sustainable communities for China's 21st century.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.253-268
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• 2012

Recently, creative innovation has become a major topic in management innovation and due to this, various researches on its need and methodologies are being performed. According to previous studies on ambidexterity, explorative innovation is closer to divergent and right-sided brain, while exploitative innovation is closer to convergent and left-sided brain. Topic was to identify preceding element which affects Ambidextrous Innovation. For this topic, 129 Six Sigma projects from 19 different companies were collected. Ambidextrous index from preceding studies was used. This index represents the degree of ambidextrous activation and can be calculated by multiplying cumulative usage of exploitative tools with that of explorative tools. In the project characteristics, simple linear regression result showed leadership degree, team's vitalization degree and leader capability degree have effect in positive direction.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1717-1722
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• 2021

Objective: Stroking calves during the postnatal period could effectively improve human-calf relationships. The objective of this study is to examine how daily calf stroking frequency during the postnatal period affects the establishment of human-calf relationships. Methods: Six calves were stroked by a trainer for 6 minutes once daily for 5 days after birth (D1). Six calves were stroked by a trainer for 3 minutes twice daily for 5 days after birth (D2). A further four calves were stared at but not stroked as the control group. The overall stroking or staring duration was the same for all groups, at 6 min/d and 30 min over 5 days. The tests for reactions to the stationary trainer in an unfamiliar environment and avoidance distance measurements for an approaching trainer were conducted at 1 month and 3 months after the treatment. Results: Calves in both stroking groups approached significantly closer to the stationary trainer, vocalized less, and looked at the trainer shorter than the control group at 1 month. However, at 3 months, there was no significant difference between the D1 and the control group, whereas the D2 approached significantly closer to the trainer and vocalized less, and looked at the trainer for a shorter time than the control group. For the avoidance distance, the trainer could approach closer to both stroking groups than the control at 1 month, however, there was no difference among groups at 3 months. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the difference in the calf stroking procedure affected the established human-calf relationships, even though the total stroking duration was the same for all stroked calves. It is likely to be more effective to stroke more frequently than intensively when the aim is to establish better human-calf relationships within limited labor time.

• Atmosphere
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2022

This paper describes verification results for the ocean analysis field produced by the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) against observed Argo floats and drift buoys over the western Pacific Ocean and the equatorial Pacific during 2020~2021. This is confirmed by a comparison of the verification for the newly updated version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model/Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (HYCOM/NCODA) against same observations. NEMO shows that the vertical ocean temperature is much closer to the Argo floats than HYCOM for most seasons in terms of bias and root mean square error. On the other hand, there are overall considerable cold biases for HYCOM, which may be due to the more rapid decreasing temperature at the shallow thermocline in HYCOM. Conclusion demonstrated that the NEMO analysis for ocean temperature is more reliable than the analysis produced by the latest version of HYCOM as well as by the out-of-date HYCOM applied to the precedent study. The surface ocean current produced by NEMO also shows 14% closer to the AOML (Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory) in situ drift buoys observations than HYCOM over the western Pacific Ocean. Over the equatorial Pacific, however, HYCOM shows slightly closer to AOML observation than NEMO in some seasons. Overall, this study suggests that the resulting information may be used to promote more use of NEMO analysis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.563-569
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• 2007

RAPD analysis showed that all the OTUs of 'Sandolbae' were the same species because amplified band patterns of all samples generated by each of 5 random primers were identical. Even though there were different environmental conditions, all the "Chuiangne" trees from three different places were the same species, and also all the "Cheongshilli" trees were the same species too. No genetic variations were detected between native Korean pears grown in the habitats and in the research field. Because 212 polymorphic bands were generated by 9 primers selected through primer screening, they were possible to analyze genetic relationship among naturally growing three native Korean pears and nine cultivars of Pyrus pyrifolia and P. communis. Based on the RAPD analysis, three main groups were formed. The first group represented the Six P. pyrifoia cultivars, the second group was the three native Korean pears, and the last group was the three P. communis cultivars. Genetic distance between 'Wonwhang' and 'Chojuro' was closer than other cultivars in group 1 since dissimilarity index value between these two cultivars was 50.82. However, genetic distance between 'Niitaka' and 'Chojuro' was the most distant compared to the others in group 1. In group 2, 'Sandlobae' was genetically closer to 'Chuiangne' than 'Cheongshilli' because dissimilarity index value between 'Sandlobae' and 'Chuiangne' was smaller, 50.82, than the value between 'Sandlobae' and 'Cheongshilli', 63.636. In group 3, 'Old Home' was genetically closer to 'Bartlett' than 'Kaiser Alexander(or Bosc)'. Group 3 composed of P. communis cultivars was genetically further than other two groups, P. pyrifolia cultivars and native Korean pears.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.100-116
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• 1993

It is experienced fact that unreasonable design criterion and unsitable operation management for the agricultural structures including reservoirs based on short terms data of monthly flows have been brought about not only loss of lives, but also enormous property damage. For the solution of this point at issue, this study was conducted to simulate long series of synthetic monthly flows by multi-season first order Markov model with selection of best fitting frequency distribution and to make a comparison of statistical parameters between observed and synthetic flows of six watersheds in Yeong San and Seom Jin river systems. The results obtained through this study can be summarized as follows. 1.Both Gamma and two parameter lognormal distribution were found to be suitable ones for monthly flows in all watersheds by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test while those distributions were judged to be unfitness in Nam Pyeong of Yeong San and Song Jeong and Ab Rog watersheds of Seom Jin river systems in the $\chi$$^2$ goodness of fit test. 2.Most of the arithmetic mean values for synthetic monthly flows simulated by Gamma distribution are much closer to the results of the observed data than those of two parameter lognomal distribution in the applied watersheds. 3.Fluctuation for the coefficient of variation derived by Gamma distribution was shown in general as better agreement with the results of the observed data than that of two parameter lognormal distribution in the applied watersheds both in Yeong San and Seom Jin river systems. Especially, coefficients of variation calculated by Gamma distribution are seemed to be much closer to those of the observed data during July and August. 4.It can be concluded that synthetic monthly flows simulated by Gamma distribution are seemed to be much closer to the observed data than those by two parameter lognormal distribution in the applied watersheds. 5.It is to be desired that multi-season first order Markov model based on Gamma distribution which is confirmed as a good fitting one in this study would be compared with Harmonic synthetic model as a continuation follows.